试析宝钢权证的推出和如何发展我国权证市场

认股权证这一金融衍生工具的概念以及影响其价值的主要因素，我国早期权证市场的不足之处。为了配合正在如火如荼进行的股权分置改革，沉寂了九年之久的权证市场终于迎来了宝钢权证的推出。宝钢权证价格飙升的原因以及未来走势，发展我国的权证市场的建议。     

权证为何如此疯狂？

回顾2005年的证券市场．最值得关注的应当是股权分置改革了．而和股权分置改革密切相关的权证也非常引人关注。8月22日．宝钢权证（代码580000）隆重登场，随后权证的疯狂表现让市场各方无所适从。     

权证:财富神话破灭

<正>权证将回归到原来的样子,一切归于幻灭。一轮又一轮击鼓传花的游戏之后,它们各自的使命已经完成——8月初,权证市场全线延续了跌势,无一飘红。8月23日,也就是宝钢权证的最后一个交易日,走势图上演了一场惊心动魄的戏剧。当天的权证末路狂奔,死伤无数,甚至拖累了整个权证市场,哀鸿遍野。在行权日迫近之时,宝钢权证变成了一堆     

我国欧式认购权证市场价格与理论价格偏离的实证分析

本文以在交易所上市的欧式认购权证为研究对象,运用回归分析法和广义差分法进行实证研究,提出了广义差分方程模型,认为目前我国权证市场尽管有时存在市场价格的大幅波动,以及理论价格与市场价格的偏离问题,但其中的欧式认购权证总体上市场价格的增量变化绝大部分是受理论价格的增量变化的影响,其它因素的增量变化的影响较弱或现阶段不显著.     

主动性投资视角下的权证市场行为——来自包钢蝶式权证分时数据的经验证据

本文基于主动性投资视角,构建权证价格波动模型,并根据影响权证价格的两个因素,对权证市场的行为特征进行刻画。根据理论分析框架,以包钢蝶式权证存续期内的价格为样本,对我国权证市场的行为进行了实证分析。结果表明,市场在经历了一段较浓的投机过程之后,尽管总体表现出一定程度的理性与稳定,但在权证存续期的不同阶段,权证行情会发生多空转变。     

基于GARCH模型的认购权证与认沽权证波动率比较研究

波动性是经济和金融研究的热点问题。本文分别采用无条件波动度量方法和条件波动模型对我国权证市场上具有代表性的六支权证的波动性进行估计,得出以下几个结果:1、六支权证基本上都存在不同程度的波动聚类现象。2、认沽权证的市场有效性弱于认购权证。3、认购权证的波动持续性大于认沽权证,说明认沽权证投机性更强,风险更大。4、认购权证的风险收益补偿大概是认沽权证的6倍。最后,结合本文研究,将给广大投资者一些投资建议。     

影响我国认股权证价格的股票收益波动因素分析

标的股票收益的波动是认股权证价格最为重要的影响因素.根据我国特殊的市场环境,对股票收益和认购权证价格之间进行研究表明:标的股票收益率和权证收益率之间存在着单向因果关系,且这种关系随着市场环境的不同而有所不同;标的股票收益波动率会对权证价格产生影响,且这种影响存在着滞后性,同时也随市场环境的不同而有所不同.     

石化权证在GARCH模型下的实证检验

股票价格的波动率特征是股票衍生品价格的决定性因素。Black&Scholes假设股票价格服从几何布朗运动,其重要的假设条件是波动率为一个常数。但是,越来越多的实证研究结果表明,股票收益率存在显著的尖峰厚尾现象,其波动率存在明显的时变性特征。因此,放宽波动率恒定条件,并且研究股票波动率的变动特征,对认购权证的正确定价具有重要意义。     

权证创设制度比较研究——基于行为金融学的分析

我国金融市场已推出了权证，创新类券商可以通过创设来设计相关产品。但我国一部分权证的推出是为了解决股权分置改革问题，由于此种原因及权证短暂的发展历史，在此基础上的权证创设不可避免存在一些制度问题。应对比香港地区权证创设制度的相关内容，结合我国目前实际，借鉴其成熟权证市场的经验，进一步完善我国权证市场机制。     

中国权证市场高频数据波动特征及其原因分析

权证市场价格的异常波动是投资者和管理层热切关注的问题。研究表明,中国权证市场的价格波动呈现出尖峰厚尾、持久记忆、波动集群的波动特征;而投资者的损失厌恶心理是导致这种异常波动的重要原因。因此,为了减少投资者的投资风险,需要对投资者进行引导教育,同时,完善证券市场的信息披露制度,加强市场监管。     

权证在中国证券市场的风险分析

在中国市场流通交易过程中权证具有其本身价格决定所带来的风险和投资者执行层面所带来的风险，为规避此方面风险，应从监管者和投资者两方面做好工作。     

中国权证市场有效性的方差比检验

中国资本市场是否弱式有效一直是争论的热门话题,它具有很重要的理论价值和实践意义.本文利用方差比检验方法来对中国权证市场的弱式有效进行实证研究.结果显示:中国权证市场不符合随机游走假设,即权证市场未达到弱式有效.     

集合竞价与连续竞价机制下权证价格行为的分析

本文运用价格调整模型,对比分析了集合竞价和连续竞价机制对权证开盘价收益率和收盘价收益率的影响。研究表明:在深沪两市收盘采取不一致的竞价方式的情况下,深沪两市权证价格行为存在较大差异。深市权证开盘价收益率与收盘价收益率的方差比值、最小值以及最大值比值的均值均大于沪市权证相应比值的均值,而峰度比值、偏度比值和一阶自相关系数比值的均值则相反,这表明竞价机制影响了权证价格行为的变动。     

认股权证及其在我国的发展状况

认股权证是一个历史悠久、交易活跃的金融工具，随着全球资本市场的不断发展，各种衍生性金融产品不断推陈出新。我国的市场参与者寻求更有效的避险方式以及解决国有股流通问题等市场新需求的出现，促使认股权证成为中国证券市场衍生产品创新的品种之一。认股权证是一种能够按特定价格买入某一上市公司发行股票的选择权凭证。认股权证主要有投资、融资、公司股权平衡和激励三大功能。认股权证和备兑认股权证部属于资本市场上的金融衍生产品。如果一个市场逐渐走向成熟．必然需要丰富其金融工具。推出备兑认股权证是金融市场发展的需要。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.