中国市场利率动态研究——基于短期国债回购利率的实证分析

本文利用上海证券交易所1996年7月22日至2004年8月26日间的7天国债回购利率对各种短期利率模型进行了实证分析和检验。结果表明,引入GARCH、机制转换以及跳跃因子可大大地提高短期利率动态模型的拟合效果。我们发现在1996—1998年间,国债回购利率水平、波动性以及突然跳跃的概率都要高于1999年以后,但是利率波动性对利率水平变化的敏感性则在1999年以后变得更强了。我们使用了Hong and Li(2004)新近提出的非参数检验方法比较了各个模型的相对表现,发现没有一个模型可以准确描述中国短期利率波动。     

中国市场利率动态研究——基于短期国债回购利率的实证分析

本文利用上海证券交易所1996年7月22日至2004年8月26日间的7天国债回购利率对各种短期利率模型进行了实证分析和检验。结果表明，引入GARCH、机制转换以及跳跃因子可大大地提高短期利率动态模型的拟合效果。我们发现在1996-1998年间，国债回购利率水平、波动性以及突然跳跃的概率都要高于1999年以后，但是利率波动性对利率水平变化的敏感性则在1999年以后变得更强了。我们使用了Hong and Li（2004）新近提出的非参数检验方法比较了各个模型的相对表现，发现没有一个模型可以准确描述中国短期利率波动。     

我国短期利率波动的水平效应和跳跃效应

本文从波动率角度建立了含水平效应和跳跃项的异方差GARCHLJ短期利率模型.研究结果表明,我国短期利率的异方差主要是由水平效应和跳跃成分造成的.GARCHLJ模型能解释我国短期利率的异方差性、均值回复、尖峰厚尾性以及波动的连续和非连续变动的统计特征,结果显示了较好的拟合与预测效果.     

尽快推出短期类利率期货

自2015年央行放开存款利率后,我国利率市场化顶层设计已经完成.利率市场化后,利率波动性随之增强,相关金融机构和企业面临的利率风险日益凸显.因此,尽快完善利率期货产品体系,推出短期类利率期货无疑是当务之急.目前,我国5年期与10年期国债期货均已成功上市并平稳运行,现货市场不断扩容,推出短期类利率期货时机已然成熟.短期类利率期货的推出不但能为市场参与者提供充分的避险对冲工具,满足投资者多样化的避险需求,而且能够与现有的中长期国债期货形成呼应,共同促进基准利率曲线的形成,进而完善利率市场定价机制,为货币政策的制定提供一定的参考.     

三种度量基准下的无风险利率实证比较

以上证综指、深圳成指和沪深300指数为研究样本,构建了多因子模型,并利用2003年1月—2009年2月三类指数收益率及各因子的月度数据,用最小二乘法实证反演了上海证券交易市场、深圳证券交易市场以及沪深综合证券交易市场隐含的无风险利率和风险价值。研究发现:股市隐含的风险补偿为负,与传统的风险溢价理论相悖;以短期银行存款利率、7天Shibor利率及7天国债回购利率为度量基准,股市隐含的无风险利率与其存在较大差异,因此在金融衍生品等相关研究中不宜不加选择地将它们作为无风险利率的代理指标。     

利率市场化过程中基准利率的选择--对采用短期国债利率的分析

在利率市场化的研究中，如何选择基准利率是学者探讨的焦点问题之一。本文将从理论上分析以短期国债利率作为市场基准利率的可行性。并结合中国当前的国债市场特别是短期国债市场的发展情况。给出我们的结论：应加强短期国债市场的培育并提高短期国债利率生成机制和央行干预的市场化程度。最终实现以短期国债利率为市场基准利率的利率市场化改革。     

货币政策对短期市场利率动态过程的影响——基于SHIBOR的实证研究

本文基于上海银行间同业拆放利率(SHIBOR),构建引入货币政策变动的短期市场利率GARCH-JUMP模型,实证研究货币政策变动是否会促使SHIBOR发生剧烈的跳跃性现象.研究发现:(1)货币政策变动有助于解释短期市场利率的跳跃现象.其中,存款准备金率变动对SHIBOR的影响存在时滞,每周货币净投放变动则能够引起当期的利率跳跃;(2)引入每周货币净投放的模型在SHIBOR发生跳跃的时点上具有最大的条件方差,且跳跃部分的条件方差解释了该条件方差的绝大部分,而GARCH部分的条件方差则相对较小;(3) GARCH-JUMP模型中,事前与事后的期望跳跃次数在SHIBOR发生巨大跳跃时也会相应增加;(4)样本外的预测表现再次说明GARCH-JUMP模型在预测短期市场利率动态方面具有最高的拟合优度与最小的均方误.     

我国证券回购操作的货币政策效果研究

证券回购作为中央银行公开市场操作的重要组成部分,不但可以调整货币市场流动性,而且是反映市场合意利率水平的一个重要显示机制,从而为中央银行提供有关短期利率预期的重要信息。目前,国债回购已经成为我国中央银行公开市场操作的重要途径,文章在理论分析基础上,研究了银行间国债回购操作的货币政策效果,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

中国利率市场化进程

在推进利率市场化改革方面,中国央行作了大量的放权工作:1996年以后,先后放开了银行间拆借市场利率、债券市场利率和银行间市场国债和政策性金融债的发行利率;放开了境内外币贷款和大额外币存款利率;试办人民币长期大额协议存款;逐步扩大人民币贷款利率的浮动区间。     

中国国债利率变动因素的实证分析

国债利率在利率体系中具有重要的作用，制约其他利率的变动。国债利率的变动与很多因素有关，有可度量的因素和不可度量的因素。在可度量因素中，国债利率、国债回购利率及股票指数之间存在长期均衡关系，而国债到期收益率和股票指数呈负相关。     

Correlated jumps in crude oil and gasoline during the Gulf War

This article employs a bivariate poisson jump model to investigate the relationship between the volatility of crude oil and gasoline especially during the period of the Gulf War. We find that greater jumps occurring in crude oil returns will appear in gasoline returns at the same time, but the magnitude of the co-movements in volatility falls. The covariance is relatively smaller in the Second Gulf War vs. the first conflict. The volatility of crude oil is of significantly high levels during periods of the war, yet the volatility of gasoline is not as sensitive as crude oil, particularly in the second conflict. Furthermore, the jump that occurred by the war did not lead both spot prices to a high persistent level for a long period, which fits the feature of the jump models. All these findings are important to market traders and hedging strategies.     

Jumps and volatility dynamics in agricultural commodity spot prices

The spot commodities market exhibits both extreme volatility and price spikes, which lead to heavy-tailed distributions of price change and autocorrelation. This article uses various Lévy jump models to capture these features in a panel of agricultural commodities observed between January 1990 and February 2014. The results show that Levy jump models outperform the continuous Gaussian model. Our results prove that assuming a constant volatility or even a deterministic volatility and drift structure of agricultural commodity spot prices is not realistic and is less efficient than the stochastic assumption. The findings demonstrate an interesting correlation between volatility and jumps for a given commodity i, but no relationship between the volatility of commodity i and the probability of jumps of commodity j.     

Did Oral Interventions by the Indonesian Central Bank Support the Rupiah?

Most previous studies on the effectiveness of oral interventions (statements by officials in support of the exchange rate) focus on industrial countries. The present paper examines whether statements by Bank Indonesia officials (i.e. the central bank of Indonesia) during the period 2004–2007 have had any effect on the level and volatility of the rupiah–dollar exchange rate. Our exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models suggest that oral interventions have little impact on the level of the spot exchange rate, but increase the volatility of the spot exchange rate. Oral interventions indicating a stronger or weaker rupiah also have little influence on the level of the forward exchange rate while neutral statements lead to more volatility.     

Forecasting the realized volatility in the Chinese stock market: further evidence

In this study, the impact of noise and jump on the forecasting ability of volatility models with high-frequency data is investigated. A signed jump variation is added as an additional explanatory variable in the volatility equation according to the sign of return. These forecasting performances of models with jumps are compared with those without jumps. Being applied to the Chinese stock market, we find that the jump variation has a significant in-sample predictive power to volatility and the predictive power of the negative one is greater than the positive one. Furthermore, out-of-sample evidence based on the fresh model confidence set (MCS) test indicates that the incorporation of singed jumps in volatility models can significantly improve their forecasting ability. In particular, among the realized variance (RV)-based volatility models and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) class models, the heterogeneous autoregressive model of realized volatility (HAR-RV) model with the jump test and a decomposed signed jump variation have better out-of-sample forecasting performance. Finally, the use of the decomposed signed jump variations in predictive regressions can improve the economic value of realized volatility forecasts.     

Arbitrage-free valuation of interest rate securities under forward curves with stochastic speed and acceleration

Arbitrage-free models for valuing interest rate securities posit that stochastic changes in spot or forward interest rates (forward rate “speed”) follow a diffusion process. This paper extends the Heath, Jarrow and Morton [Bond pricing and the term structure of interest rates: a new methodology for contingent claims valuations, Econometrica 60 (1992) 77-105], HJM framework by allowing diffusive shocks to both the “speed” and “acceleration” of forward rates. The arbitrage-free restriction on forward rates is identified and involves volatilities of the speed and acceleration dynamics and their correlation. Although the extended forward rates remain in the diffusive framework and evolve continuously, they may exhibit large changes over short intervals (as with jumps) due to stochastic acceleration. Comparisons of bond prices show that the proposed model generates more complex and intricate shapes for the restricted forward curve with the same number of stochastic factors and volatility.     

The impact of interest rate and exchange rate volatility on banks' stock returns and volatility: Evidence from Turkey

This paper investigates the effects of interest rate and foreign exchange rate changes on Turkish banks' stock returns using the OLS and GARCH estimation models. The results suggest that interest rate and exchange rate changes have a negative and significant impact on the conditional bank stock return. Also, bank stock return sensitivities are found to be stronger for market return than interest rates and exchange rates, implying that market return plays an important role in determining the dynamics of conditional return of bank stocks. The results further indicate that interest rate and exchange rate volatility are the major determinants of the conditional bank stock return volatility.     

Forward Rates,Interest Rates,and Expectations Under Alternative Exchange Rate Regimes*

A model comprising spot and forward foreign exchange markets and a domestic credit market is used to examine the trade-off between volatility in the nominal exchange rate and domestic interest rate. It also shows how a slowly crawling spot rate can raise interest rate volatility and the amplitude of reserve flows. Finally, the paper extends a finding by Driskill and McCafferty that the exchange rate effects of external shocks are differently affected by the responsiveness of speculation to expected profits; high responsiveness makes the spot exchange rate more sensitive to foreign financial shocks but less sensitive to trade balance shocks.     

The double exponential jump diffusion model for pricing European options under fuzzy environments

The interest rate and volatility may have different values in the different commercial banks and financial institutions. Moreover, the fluctuations of the underlying assets are rare events, and there are not enough historical data to estimate the jump intensity in a precise sense. This paper considers European option pricing problems with the fuzzy interest rate, fuzzy drift, fuzzy volatility and fuzzy jump intensity. We present the fuzzy pricing formula of European options based on the Kou's double exponential jump diffusion model. We also obtain the crisp possibilistic mean option pricing formula in fuzzy double exponential jump diffusion model by using the crisp possibilistic mean values of the fuzzy numbers. Comparing with B-S formula, numerical analysis and empirical results show that the fuzzy double exponential jump diffusion formula and the crisp possibilistic mean option pricing formula are reasonable and can be taken as reference pricing tools for the financial investors.     

Interest-rate volatility and volatility spillovers in emerging Europe

While many transition economies – particularly those that hope to join the Euro – have seen their economies converge to Europe’s, this process is by no means complete. Considerable macroeconomic volatility persists. This study examines the variability of the short-term nominal interest rates of ten transition economies, finding that eight of them exhibit time-varying volatility that can be modeled as a GARCH or Exponential GARCH process. Incorporating various measures of external volatility into the models, we find that those economies with fixed or managed exchange rates tend to experience more volatility spillovers, particularly from the Eurozone, regardless of the degree of transition. Only Estonia has a fixed exchange rate and remains free of international contagion.