销售渠道与企业竞争

本文阐述了如何通过降低销售渠道成本来提升企业竞争优势的策略。分别分析了商品分销渠道的成本优势、规模经济与分销成本、相互联系与成本优势、相互关系与成本优势、商品分销渠道的别具一格优势、商品分销渠道效率的独特性、商品分销渠道满足顾客需要的独特性、商品分销渠道组织形态的独特性等。     

企业后勤与分销渠道

一、分销渠道中的企业后勤一般认为，分销渠道就是使商品和服务从生产者向最终用户或消费者流动的一系列公司或个人。对分销渠道的结构和运作特性的考察，将有助于我们在企业间关系的背景上来理解企业后勤活动。为此要弄清三个问题：一是渠道分离的概念和分销渠道的构造；二是单个企业在分销渠道中的职能范围；三是不同产业的分销渠道系统的特性及它们对企业后勤服务的要求。对企业来说，分销渠道决策将影响它的市场竞争优势，故具有战略上的重要性。当然，科学的分销渠道决策及其有效地实施特别要求企业后勤和营销系统的预先协调和一体化运…     

浅析网络渠道对传统分销渠道的影响及对应策略

本文指出网络渠道与传统分销渠道问存在冲突的同时又相互促进。网络渠道与传统分销渠道在提升企业形象、提高受众度及消费引导方面相互促进,但同时两者问又在价格竞争和客源争夺方面存在明显冲突。为了有效解决网络渠道与传统分销渠道间的冲突,本文提出有针对性地采取差异化渠道策略和建立混合渠道的方式。     

分销渠道权力与价格机制

一、分销渠道的定义 斯特恩(Louis·W·Stern)等认为,分销渠道是促使产品或服务顺利被使用或消费的一整套相互依存的组织.简单来说,分销渠道就是产品从生产者到顾客手中所经过的组织或个人,它包括生产者、中间商和用户.企业生产出来的产品,只有通过一定的分销渠道,才能在适当的时间、地点,以适当的价格供应给用户,从而克服生产者和消费者之间的差异和矛盾,满足市场需要,实现企业的营销目标.分销渠道是由一系列相互依赖的各种不同的制度安排所组成.它执行的工作是把商品或服务从生产者转移到消费者手中,它弥合了产品、服务和其使用者之间的缺口,主要包括时间、地点和所有权等,此间渠道成员执行了一系列重要的功能:收集信息、促销、谈判、订货、融资、承担风险、占有实体商品、付款和所有权转移.这些功能对于渠道来说是必须要执行的,但问题在于由谁来执行,渠道中的制度安排应该如何.渠道功能的执行过程一般表现为一个流程,通常我们将其称为分销流.科特勒认为这些功能和流程都具有三个共同点:它们使用稀缺资源;它们常常可以通过专业化而更好地发挥作用,以及它们在渠道成员之间是可以转换的.     

基于决策者风险态度的弹性分销网络优化模型北大核心CSSCI

在失效风险与需求波动并存的不确定性环境下,为了解决分销网络的设计与运作策略集成优化问题,本文在考虑决策者风险态度的基础上,建立了一个多周期非线性混合整数随机规划模型。通过将失效事件与需求波动的随机情境嵌入其中,为分销中心选址、供应指派及物流量分配等集成优化决策提供模型化方法。与以往相关研究不同,考虑分销中心可能发生部分失效,即在失效事件发生时其仍可能保持一定比例的剩余供应能力,分销中心可通过保护性投资策略和分销中心间的转运策略,提高其适应不确定性环境的弹性。针对优化模型的特点,提出了基于抽样平均近似(Sample Average Approximation-SAA)方法的求解算法。研究结果表明,通过保护性投资策略和分销中心间的转运策略,可以有效提高分销网络应对失效风险与需求波动的能力,对于决策者风险态度的敏感性分析也为实际的管理决策提供了必要的参考。     

基于库存控制的家电分销网络优化模型

本文首先对分销配送网络优化的研究在供应链管理中的需求进行了分析,综合家电企业对库存成本和库存策略的客观选择,根据将分销中心的定位、库存结合起来的研究还非常少的现实情况,提出建立一个基于库存控制的家电产品两级分销网络优化模型。     

体验型产品渠道冲突解决机制研究——基于O2O双渠道暗箱模型

在电子商务背景下,越来越多的实体企业在传统销售渠道基础上融合了电子商务分销渠道,双渠道混合分销系统在运行过程中存在冲突与矛盾,关于其解决策略问题近年来备受关注。本文在已有研究的基础上,考虑顾客偏好,针对基于信息经济学视角定义的体验型产品,提出O2O双渠道暗箱模型来协调高附加值体验型产品双渠道冲突问题,以发挥传统渠道与电子商务渠道各自的优势。最后结合实际案例说明了该模型的可行性和有效性。     

浅析提高消费品分销渠道风险抵御能力策略

消费品分销渠道风险的客观存在降低了渠道的效率,带来渠道损失,甚至危害企业的生存。从渠道风险、渠道审计、营销策略整合、分销渠道调整和对竞争对手反击五个方面对其展开研究,进一步加强渠道风险管理创新,从而提高消费品分销渠道风险抵御能力。     

国际航运企业分销渠道效率与调整策略研究

本文研究了国际航运企业分销渠道构成要素和运行效率的评价方法,分析了其分销渠道的现状,并针对其所处市场状况和自身发展的需要,指出了如何做出相应的分销渠道调整策略.     

国际航运企业分销渠道效率与调整策略研究

本文研究了国际航运企业分销渠道构成要素和运行效率的评价方法,分析了其分销渠道的现状,并针对其所处市场状况和自身发展的需要,指出了如何做出相应的分销渠道调整策略。     

Optimal consumption and the environment Choosing between ‘clean’ and ‘dirty’ goods

In this paper, a model with heterogeneous consumption goods is presented. Consumers are assumed to choose between two different consumption goods, characterized by a different impact on the environment. This implies that, in a decentralized economy, government can sustain the social optimum by setting two Pigouvian taxes: one on production as a whole and the other on dirty consumption acting as an incentive in favour of clean consumption. In accordance with the previous literature, a trade-off between a clean environment and economic activity evolves. However, this trade-off is now mitigated by the additional taxation on polluting consumption which allows the control of pollution stock evolution through the substitution between clean and dirty commodities.     

Dynamic asset allocation with ambiguous return predictability

We study an investor's optimal consumption and portfolio choice problem when he is confronted with two possibly misspecified submodels of stock returns: one with IID returns and the other with predictability. We adopt a generalized recursive ambiguity model to accommodate the investor's aversion to model uncertainty. The investor deals with specification doubts by slanting his beliefs about submodels of returns pessimistically, causing his investment strategy to be more conservative than the Bayesian strategy. Unlike in the Bayesian framework, the hedging demand against model uncertainty may cause the investor's stock allocation to decrease sharply given a small doubt of return predictability, even though the expected return according to the VAR model is large. Over much of the parameter space, the robust strategy is very close to the Bayesian strategy with Epstein–Zin preferences and risk aversion chosen to match the same average portfolio holdings. This is true in particular when the IID model is unlikely and the dividend yield is low, as in recent years. However, differences in strategies can be substantial if the IID model is unlikely and the dividend yield is high.     

基于ANFIS和GA的多级分销链预测模型

为提高分销链企业的预测水平,优化分销链中各级企业库存管理,提出了基于自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)的单级预测模型和成本目标函数的多级预测模型。利用ANFIS模糊推理机制实现了其输入层与输出层间的非线性映射及该神经网络的信息存储和学习能力。从分销链整体成本优化的角度建立了多级预测模型并应用遗传算法(GA)进行求解。仿真结果表明,ANFIS与BP神经网络相比具有较高的准确性;在一定程度上改善了分销链中订货信息多级放大的现象。     

Monetary policy and stock price dynamics with limited asset market participation

We study a New-Keynesian DSGE model subject to limited asset market participation (LAMP) and assess whether monetary policy should respond to stock prices for what concerns the determinacy and the learnability (E-stability) of the Rational Expectations Equilibrium (REE). We find that interest rate rules granting a positive response to stock prices facilitate both the determinacy and the E-stability of the fundamental REE when the degree of LAMP is sufficiently large to generate an inverted aggregate demand channel of monetary policy transmission. Moreover, according to our analysis, policy rules responding to stock prices appear to perform better than more standard rules responding to output with respect to both equilibrium determinacy and aggregate welfare.     

中国股票市场对货币政策影响的实证分析

本文运用现代计量经济分析方法,从股票市场对货币需求的影响、股市的财富效应和投资效应,以及股票市场发展对货币政策信贷渠道的影响等几个侧面,实证分析了股票市场的发展对货币政策的影响。其结论是,中国股市的发展已经对狭义货币M1的需求产生了较大影响,而且整体上加剧了狭义货币M1需求的不稳定性;中国股市的发展并未给广义货币M2的需求造成系统性的影响;中国股市的财富效应和投资效应目前都还比较微弱,特别是投资效应;中国股市的发展已经一定程度地分流了信贷渠道对货币政策传导的作用,但迄今为止,信贷渠道仍然是中国货币政策传导的主渠道。     

基于演化博弈企业创新模式的策略研究

处于不同生命周期的企业面临的策略选择是不同的,通过博弈模型的假设,分析了企业合作与竞争的影响因素,结合企业不同发展阶段的影响因素的特点,提出了不同阶段的策略模式选择。从企业的不同生命周期的模型假设看出,竞争与合作策略选择是随着企业不同的发展阶段,各自的成本,收益以及在市场上是否处于有利地位的不同而不同的。对于企业而言,处于不同的生命周期,其面对的内外部环境是不同的,因此选择不同的战略模式,即选择不同降段的创新模式来实现各自更好更快的发展。     

Government incentive strategies and private capital participation in China’s Shale gas development

Shale gas development investments are uncertain and irreversible in the initial stage in China. Flexible incentive strategy is needed for governments to guide private capital participation at different development stages. This study aims to provide analysis governments can use to encourage private investment in shale gas projects according to its plans in an extended real options framework. A social benefits variable is introduced to determine the threshold of social benefits that determine whether the government will choose a deferred or instant incentives strategy. By considering the efficiency factor, we show the optimal arrangements of two kinds of incentives: tax cuts and production subsidies, to implement incentive targets. The results indicate that current market demand and social benefits are the key factors that affect the government’s choice of incentive strategy. We also find that the optimal level of incentives, either tax cuts or production subsidies, are independent of current market demand and future market uncertainty under the delayed incentive strategy, but which affect the optimal level of incentives under the instant motivation strategy, and ignoring the negative influence of unpredictable random events on future market demand might lead to insufficient government incentives in this case.     

基于博弈论的企业品牌战略决策分析

博弈思维的全面导入,为企业品牌战略决策提供了重要的理论依据。由“非合作性博弈”向“合作性博弈”转换是当今国际市场主流发展趋势,市场主导企业与非主导企业结成品牌合作联盟,实施品牌合作战略,可以有效抵制外来企业的入侵,达到“双赢”的目的。     

Profitability of price and quantity strategies in a duopoly with vertical product differentiation

Using a model according to Mussa and Rosen (1978) and Bonanno and Haworth (1998) we consider a sub-game perfect equilibrium of a two-stage game in a duopolistic industry in which the products of the firms are vertically differentiated. In the industry, there are a high quality firm and a low quality firm. In the first stage of the game, the firms choose their strategic variables, price or quantity. In the second stage, they determine the levels of their strategic variables. We will show that, under an assumption about distribution of consumers' preference, we obtain the result that is similar to Singh and Vives (1984)' proposition (their Proposition 3) in the case of substitutes with nonlinear demand functions. That is, in the first stage of the game, a quantity strategy dominates a price strategy for both firms. Received: April 23, 1999; revised version: May 31, 2000     

Can domestic unions gain from offshoring?

This paper considers a unionised monopolistic firm producing a final good with isoelastic demand by using two intermediate commodities, one of which can be either imported from a low-wage country or bought from domestic subcontractors. The paper shows that, notwithstanding wage moderation, the union is better off when the firm chooses offshoring rather than domestic sourcing. The firm is the less likely to choose offshoring the more wage-oriented is the union and the higher is the union bargaining power in the wage negotiation.