中国经济周期的非对称性问题研究

经济周期的非对称性对于经济周期的研究具有非常重要的意义.文章利用HP滤波和时间趋势剔除技术对中国主要宏观经济变量的对数序列(季度)进行了长期趋势的剥离,得到了反映中国经济周期性波动的周期成分;区分了关于经济周期的两种类型的非对称:深度型(DEEP)非对称和陡峭型(STEEP)非对称;利用Sichel(1993)提出的对经济周期非对称性的检验方法,对中国的主要宏观经济变量进行了非对称性的检验,结果发现了实际GDP(对数)等经济变量中周期性非对称的证据.实际GDP(对数)序列出现周期性非对称的原因是多方面的,实证研究表明价格在经济周期的不同阶段表现出了非对称性调整,而价格的非对称性调整会导致对社会资源的非对称配置,进而导致经济周期的非对称性.     

我国实际产出序列非对称性和非线性特征的统计检验——基于时域形变模型的检验分析

实际产出序列的非对称性和非线性是经济周期波动的重要动态特征。本文利用时间序列的时域形变检验方法分析我国实际产出序列。研究发现:我国实际产出序列存在一定程度的非对称性和非线性;我国实际产出序列的扩张过程无论是在幅度方面还是持续性方面均强于紧缩过程。这意味着现阶段我国经济增长具有高位持续的趋势,本轮经济周期将形成高位底部并具有拖长的倾向。     

非税收入和经济增长、税收收入的关系——基于周期分析的视角

本文借鉴经济周期的周期分析方法,对非税收入的经典周期特征和现代周期特征进行分析,并同GDP和税收收入的周期波动特征进行对比,然后分阶段分别构建税收收入和GDP、政府收入总额中非税收入比例以及非税收入和GDP、政府收入总额中税收收入比例的OLS回归模型.研究结果显示:第一,非税收入的周期波动呈现明显的阶段性特征,改革开放和1994年分税制改革是重要的分界点;第二,改革开放之前,非税收入和GDP呈现出明显的顺周期特征,然而改革开放后非税收入和GDP出现了反周期波动,经济的繁荣伴随的却是非税收入的下降;第三,非税收入和税收收入的相互影响具有非对称性,税收收入的影响居主导地位,税收收入比重的提升会挤出非税收入,然而非税收入的发展却不必然挤出税收收入,甚至还对税收收入的发展具有促进作用.     

中国经济周期的非对称性和相关性研究

本文利用时间序列模型等计量方法 ,对一些主要宏观经济变量序列进行随机分解和相关性分析 ,对经济周期的非对称性和长尾性质进行大量实证检验 ,对一些主要宏观经济变量序列之间的扰动和关联进行了计量分析 ,从中不仅识别了经济波动当中的各种非对称类型 ,而且分析了产生非对称的原因。本文分析得到的一些重要检验结果 ,可以作为描述中国经济波动的重要典型化事实 ,可以用于进一步分析和判断中国经济的运行趋势 ,检验和校正相应的经济理论。本文认为中国经济周期的非对称 ,主要是由固定资产投资、财政政策和货币政策的非对称性造成的 ,而价格水平和总需求等因素却保持了比较明显的稳定性。通过经济周期的非对称分析和经济变量周期成分之间的关联性分析 ,我们也具体地分析了宏观经济政策的有效性、方向性和时滞性     

财政政策作用的阶段性和非对称性检验

财政政策的非对称性主要是指它在经济周期的不同阶段对GDP的变化具有不同的响应。通过对经济周期状态的划分和度量，我们发现在我国财政收入和财政支出对不同程度的经济扩张和经济收缩具有非对称反应，而且预算盈余也表现了非对称迹象。因此，在我国经济的收缩期，应该加大财政政策的实施力度来刺激需求和促进经济增长，尤其要注意发挥财政收入对经济波动的调节作用。     

福建季度实际GDP季节调整分析

一、引言 作为国民经济核算的主要指标,季度GDP和年度GDP在概念、口径等许多方面是一致的.但作为时间序列,季度GDP的时域变动特征却显著不同于年度GDP,季度GDP序列具有在年度间反复出现的季节规律性.这种子年度1时间序列以年度为周期反复出现的季节性变动在统计学上称为季节效应.     

我国经济周期波动的非对称性和持续性研究

本文利用1979年至2004年之间中国GDP季度数据,采用三区制马尔可夫均值和方差转移的二阶自回归(MSMV(3)-AR(2))模型和贝叶斯Gibbs抽样非参数估计方法,对我国经济周期波动的非对称性和持续性进行了实证分析。实证结果表明,MSMV(3)-AR(2)模型对我国经济状况提供了很好的拟合,显著支持增长率序列具有三区制状态:低速增长阶段,适速增长阶段和高速增长阶段。我国经济周期的非对称性主要体现在各个增长阶段的均值、方差、阶段性之间的转移概率的不同。我国经济周期的持续性主要体现在各个增长阶段的自维持概率和阶段性之间的转移概率的不同。此外,我国经济"适速增长阶段"的稳定性最高,"高速增长阶段"的平均持续期最长。     

新视角透析中国区域经济收敛性

本文利用H-P滤波对我国各省份实际GDP序列进行趋势分解,以消除经济周期效应的影响,得到各省份实际GDP的长期趋势序列。使用各省份实际GDP长期趋势序列占全部省份实际GDP长期趋势序列之和的比例作为一个可以比较各个地区差异的标准化指标;并将标准化指标对时间求导,整理得出标准化指标增长率,再次对这一指标增长率进行修正,进而用于分析中国经济区域收敛性的特征。结论表明:虽然我国部分地区之间的差距还在不断变大,但自1992年以来这种差距的变化速度在逐年减小,具有收敛的趋势。     

中国人口转变与经济增长的实证分析

本从现代协整理论出发，研究了中国人口转变、实际工资与实际产出之间的长期动态均衡关系及信息传导机制。结果表明：在出生率、婴儿死亡率、实际人均工资、实际GDP之间，至少存在单向的Granger因果关系；对数序列均为非平稳Ⅰ(1)序列。长期来看，死亡率的降低将导致出生率的降低。此外，还证明了出生率与死亡率均为经济系统的内生变量。     

中国股票市场与经济增长关系的实证分析

在股票市场与经济增长有关理论的基础上，以我国股票市场为代表并以股票综合指数和实际GDP数值为研究对象，选取1991—2006年的股票练合指数和GDP的季度时间序列数据进行单位根检验和Granger因果关系检验，得出结论：股票综合指数与GDP之间具有单整而非协整关系；短期内二者只存在由股票指数到GDP的单向Granger因果关系，长期内具有双向的Granger因果关系：中国股票市场具有弱型有效性。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。