浙江产业集群成长的动力机制分析——基于区域文化视角

基于区域文化的产业集群动力机制是一个被忽视的研究领域。浙江省是产业集群发达的省份。本文以浙江省为例,从区域文化视角,分析区域文化对产业集群成长的影响机制,研究基于区域文化的产业集群成长的动力机制,探讨浙江产业集群的不同成长动力模式,希望有助于丰富、推进我国集群动力机制的研究与实践。     

中国农村劳动力转移对林业经济发展的动态影响效应研究?

基于1995~2012的统计数据,运用状态空间模型分析方法研究了中国农村劳动力转移对林业产业产出和林业产业结构的影响。结果表明：中国农村劳动力转移对林业产业产出和林业产业结构的影响弹性呈现出完全相反的态势,中国农村劳动力转移促使林业产业总产值不断提高,并且影响效应越来越大,农村劳动力转移使得林业第一产业产值与第二产业产值之间的差距逐步拉大。因此,应重视农村劳动力技术培训,提高劳动力的整体素质;调整林业产业结构与农村劳动力的转移相适应;积极探索新的发展模式和发展机会,吸纳劳动力就业,带动中国经济的整体协调发展。     

产业集群影响农村剩余劳动力转移的机理及其启示

转移农村剩余劳动力是解决三农问题、建设社会主义新农村的重要内容,发展产业集群是转移农村剩余劳动力的有效途径。本文从产业类型和企业结构、集聚地域、社会网络特征和分工协作特征、地方根植性和产业的需求关联效应等方面阐述了产业集群影响农村剩余劳动力转移的机理,在此基础上提出了深化改革、促进产业集群发展和农村剩余劳动力转移的对策建议。     

广东省农村人力资本开发研究

通过构建农村劳动力转移与产业发展关系的概念模型,以发达省份广东省为例,利用计量模型以及相关数据实证城镇化与人力资本投资和农村劳动力转移之间的正相关关系。通过实证结果,从人力资本投资、农民增收、产业发展等方面寻找农村发展水平低下的原因,提出了提升农村劳动力素质,促进劳动力空间转移、城市扩容提质,增强中心城区的聚集效应,推动产业发展带动劳动力转移等发展建议,从而实现农村发展、农民增收。     

技术进步与农业劳动力转移

技术、资金、劳动力,都是现代社会生产力的基本构成要素。因此,劳动力的流动和转移,作为一个资源重新配置过程,一方面要受制于各产业的技术水平和技术状况;另一方面,也会对产业的技术进步产生巨大影响。本文通过对浙江省农村80年代农业劳动力转移与农村产业技术进步之间的相关关系进行实证分析与研究,以揭示它们间的相互影响机理和协调发展的关系。     

浙江省临安市农村劳动力转移分析

随着农业现代化的进一步发展,农村务农劳动力的素质提高和数量下降是必然趋势,然而浙江省临安市的农村劳动力转移比例过低,这将影响临安市社会经济发展水平的进一步提高。本文通过对该市农村劳动力现状的分析,针对农村劳动力转移比例偏低的原因,就加快临安市农村劳动力转移问题提出了建议和对策。     

区际产业转移背景下中部地区劳动力跨省流动趋势及代际差异——基于安徽省的调查数据

区际产业转移是要素在空间层面的转移和重新聚集的过程。由于一国之内劳动力市场不能有效分割,欠发达地区无法保持大量低成本劳动力的资源优势。本文基于劳动力流出大省安徽省的统计年鉴和农户调查数据,分析了承接产业转移背景下安徽省劳动力跨省流动趋势及代际差异。研究发现,安徽省劳动力跨省流动人口数量继续增加,但占总流动人口比例有所下降,新生代劳动力正成为跨省流动的主要力量。本文研究也表明,东部地区的产业和人口的聚集尚未完成,产业转移的劳动力支撑条件在中部地区并未形成。     

日本经验与我国农村劳动力的转移途径

本文分析了目前我国农村富余劳动力转移所面临的严峻形势 ,并通过研究日本农村劳动力转移的成功经验 ,对我国农村劳动力的转移提出了从农业内部和外部来拓展就业空间的一些对策和建议。     

农村流通产业对农村劳动力转移的内在机理分析

农村流通产业在推进农业现代化发展的同时,成为安置农村剩余劳动力的重要方式。农村流通产业是新的经营和生产方式,运用优化生产要素、专业化分工,拓展就业门路,吸收农村剩余劳动力。流通产业是现代农业和城镇化、工业化、市场化联系的重要枢纽,直接或间接转移农村劳动力,保障转移的有效性和质量。本文在阐述农村流通产业在转移劳动力现状的基础上,分析转移劳动力的内在机理,对农村流通产业促进劳动力转移以及推动产业化发展的内在机理进行研究。     

产业集群转移的研究述评

随着产业链的垂直分解与网络化、人民币升值、劳动力成本上升,以集群企业的扎堆和组团式转移为特征的集群式转移成为产业转移演化的新趋势。本研究首先明确产业集群转移的内涵,然后梳理提炼出产业转移理论、公司扩张机制理论、产业集群的生命周期与演化理论等理论。通过相关著作、文献的总结出产业集群转移的内涵、动因、模式与路径,以期号准这一新的趋势和规律。并在此基础上提出了产业集群转移研究的跨学科和超越集群的趋势。     

面粉中含砂量测定的不确定度评定

本文依据《粮油检验粉类粮食含砂量测定》对面粉中含砂量进行测量,并对其测量结果进行不确定度分析,探究影响测量过程中不确定度分量来源并进行评定。分析得出,扩展不确定度为0.0004%,面粉中含砂量测定结果为0.017%±0.0004%(k=2)。     

饲料中镉含量的测量不确定度评定

分析石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定饲料中镉含量不确定度各个分量,对其测量不确定度进行合理评定,结果表明:饲料样品中镉含量为0.052 mg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为0.0035 mg/kg(k=2),校准过程和测试过程随机效应是引入不确定度的主要原因。     

食品中金黄色葡萄球菌定量检测的不确定度评定

为提高食品中金黄色葡萄球菌定量检测结果的准确性,本文对测量不确定度进行分析和评定.按照《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验金黄色葡萄球菌检验》(GB 4789.10—2016)第二法金黄色葡萄球菌平板计数法对人工染菌的乳粉样品进行检测,按照《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF 1059.1—2012)分析不确定度来源、评定标准不确定度、计算合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度.金黄色葡萄球菌定量检测结果的扩展不确定度U=0.0662(k=2.26),金黄色葡萄球菌定量检测结果为33574～45541 CFU·g-1,修约后为34000～46000 CFU·g-1.对金黄色葡萄球菌检测不确定度贡献最大的是接种Baird-Parker平板引入的不确定度,其次是重复检测引入的不确定度.     

明代华北农业发展的推动因素分析——生产要素角度的描述与估计

本文以明代时期的北直隶、山东、河南为例,从生产要素的角度分析明代华北农业发展的推动因素.一是人口的增长、迁移和耕地面积的增加.二是农田水利,除了治理河流,井灌得到了广泛采用.三是农业技术有所进步.本文还尝试用生产函数模型,分别对中性、劳动增强型和土地增强型的技术进步率进行估计,结苯表明,明代华北农业的增长方式主要依赖于劳动和耕地的增加.在资源约束日益加剧的今天,要进一步重视技术进步在推动农业发展中的作用,同时在技术选择和创新中还特别需要注意与各地的资源禀赋条件相适应.     

重庆缙云山旅游竞争力提升研究

缙云山作为国家级重点风景名胜区，在自然资源、生态、区位和宗教旅游方面具有一定的旅游竞争优势，但如何有效利用这些优势资源提高景区的竞争力仍是其面临的重要问题。通过分析缙云山的旅游竞争力基本要素，指出其目前存在的旅游产品单一、景区客源市场小等问题。提出改变旅游资源开发方向，完善解说系统，培养专业人才，加强管理等提升缙云山旅游竞争力的相关措施。     

Assessment of implementation of protection of mineral deposits in spatial planning in Poland

A complex of raw materials available in a given commune shapes its functional − spatial structure and affects local economic development. The use of the resource base of minerals depends largely on the management of the space and respecting the zoning restrictions connected with protection of mineral deposits. The urgent need to protect them is due to their non-renewable nature and progressive development of the land. Preserving access to deposits is essential to ensure future mineral supply necessary for the economic development. This article presents the results of the assessment of implementation of rules of protection of mineral deposits in spatial planning at the level of territorial units in Poland.The study has been conducted in twenty-three communes of the Lesser Poland voivodeship, for thirty-one unexploited mineral deposits designated for protection in the Spatial Development Plan of the Lesser Poland (Małopolskie) Voivodeship of 2003. In the study of conflict with development of the selected mineral deposits with the environment, factors related to land use, forms of nature protection, water conservation and planned land development have been evaluated. The assessment has taken into account the importance of individual factors of conflict by giving them weights by means of pairwise comparison method. Five classes of conflict of the deposit management have been proposed: non-conflicting deposit, small conflict, medium conflict, major conflict and very big conflict. Almost equal numbers of deposits (9) belong to the class characterized by a of medium, small and large conflicts. Road and technical projects as well as expected significant impact of exploitation on the environment restrain exploitation. The impact is related to the necessity of use of explosives during the exploitation and by the cumulative effect of the mining activity already existing nearby. Analysis of the planning documents of the communes has shown both inadequate protection of mineral resources, including designation of areas of deposits for single-family housing, and a few examples of properly maintained spatial planning in the field of protection of mineral deposits. Information obtained from the environmental survey has been supplemented by assessment of the social aspect. In nine communes it has been determined that the areas of mineral deposits are not subject to spatial conflicts but in seven communes there is opposite situation. The most important benefits from the mineral exploitation which has been indicated in the studied documents included: jobs, access to construction materials and development of the commune.Present work allowed to define the areas and the scale of conflicts induced by development of mineral deposits and to propose measures for rational management of mineral resources. Recognition of the existing and potential conflicts can help to make the right decisions concerning development of the area and minimising impacts of exploitation of the mineral deposits.     

中国水稻生产效率的变动分析

一、引言中国是世界最大的稻谷生产国 ,水稻是中国最主要的粮食作物。我国加入WTO后 ,在市场经济的调节下 ,稻谷生产与贸易受国际市场和价格的影响越来越大 ,因而如何保护我国的农业 ,提高我国水稻的国际竞争力 ,促进我国农产品的生产和贸易 ,是摆在我们面前的一件重要事情。而生产效率的提高有助于提高我国水稻的国际竞争力 ,所以 ,研究水稻的生产效率很有意义和价值。生产效率是指产出量与全部投入之比 ,表明产出量的变动与全部投入量变动的关系 ,以衡量生产率的变化对经济增长的作用。生产效率一般是指生产系统的总要素生产率 (TotalFa…     

农地生产率变化及不同规模农户农地生产率比较研究--浙江省农村固定观察点农户农地经营状况分析

本文以浙江省农村固定观察点的农户为研究对象①,对近十几年来农户农地利用结构和生产效率方面的变化做一实证分析。一、农地生产率变化分析(一)农地生产率及其经营效益变化从观察户的跟踪观察资料看,随着科学技术的进步和农户生产技术水平的提高,农户的农地生产率总体呈上升趋势。这里我们以浙江的主要农作物粮食的单位面积产量与农地单位面积投工两个方面来说明。从表1可见,在固定观察点建立以来的14年中,按播种面积计算的粮食亩产提高了15.14%(1988年较1986年提高20.60%);同期,每亩农地的用工量减少了36.76%。表1的后半部分是农户农地经…     

分光光度法测定食品中亚硝酸盐不确定度评估

本文根据《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF 1059.1—2012)和《食品安全国家标准食品中亚硝酸盐与硝酸盐的测定》(GB 5009.33—2016),利用分光光度法对食品中亚硝酸盐的含量进行测定,建立数学模型对亚硝酸盐含量测定的不确定度来源分量进行计算、分析,食品中亚硝酸盐的测定结果可以表示为X=(11.2±0.70)mg·kg^-1,k=2,为评价试验测量结果的真确性提供科学依据。     

Evaluation of forestland use in mining operation activities in Turkey in terms of sustainable natural resources

Mining has been necessary for human activities and is conducted in line with this need. The location of mines must sometimes be where land use overlaps with other activities because the location of the mined substance cannot be changed. In Turkey, forestland are the most common of these overlapping areas. Therefore, mining has frequently occurred on forestland in Turkey—and worldwide. After the mining operation activities are conducted, the forestland are rehabilitated and returned to the forest administration. The examination of used and returned areas provides an opportunity to create an optimal situation between “mining for sustainable development” and “protection of forestland.”Accordingly, several questions, such as mining production amounts, degrees of social and economic development of the cities in which enterprises are conducting mining, the quantity of the areas they used for mining activities in forestland, the areas which were returned to the forest administration, operating license areas and operation permit areas, and the life of mining operation, were asked to the mining enterprises in Turkey through the “Survey Monkey” program in 2018. Thus, according to mineral groups, different land use rates were compared with the operating license areas, and the land uses for each mineral group were analyzed by considering the operation activity periods. The results indicate that the sustainability of the use of forestry in mining activities in Turkey has changed in a positive direction, particularly because of changes in mining and environmental legislation in Turkey over the last decade.