都灵:由日常生活到永恒的距离——与白双全一起作纸上之旅

在古城都灵的生活经验引发我做了一堆跟几何图形有关的创作,几何图形是不变的定律,它从日常生活引导我产生对永恒的想象。作品最后在Diogene的绿色小屋展出,题为:由日常生活到永恒的距离。部份展品后来出现在我在维他命空间的个展:日(日)夜(夜),这是我在53届威尼斯双年展香港展馆展览的雏型。     

绿色食品、地产产品唱主角——黑龙江省农垦九三管理局农贸市场纪实

正黑龙江省农垦九三管理局位于黑龙江省西北部,地处小兴安岭南麓向松嫩平原过渡的丘陵漫岗地带。行政区域在嫩江县、讷河市和五大连池市境内,面积5645平方公里,总人口17万人,下辖11个农场,70个管理区。九三管理局农贸市场始建于二十世纪九十年代初,逐步从小到大、从弱到强,从     

观民俗体乡情 虎头桃花诱人醉——记福建福安穆云畲乡虎头桃花节

正福安市穆云畲乡虎头村,素有"世外桃源"之称。这里的春天,是一片桃花的海洋。千顷桃林凝霞敷锦,夹岸百步红雨缤纷,满树和娇芳华烂漫,万枝丹彩春意融融;这里畲族风情浓郁,民风古朴,除了可以观赏盛开的桃花,零距离触碰绿意盎然的大自然,还可以体验畲乡民俗风情、文艺采风,在踏青赏花之间欣然融入艺术创作。     

电子商务助力中国农业转型升级

正近几年,农业农村电子商务在东中西部竞相迸发,农产品进城与工业品下乡双向流通的发展格局正在形成。农产品电子商务进入高速增长阶段,2015年农产品网络零售交易额超过1500亿元,比2013年增长2倍以上,网上销售农产品的生产者大幅增加,交易种类尤其是鲜活农产品品种日益丰富。农业生产资料、休闲农业及民宿旅游电子商务平台和模式不断涌现姑苏城外,太湖旁边,伴随着江南的柔美气息,9月6日,由阿里巴巴集团主办的"新农业·新乡村——农业电子商务论坛"在苏州举办。作为全国"互联网+"现代农业暨新农人创业创新大会的重要组成部分,本次论坛汇聚了政府部     

永不消散的校园“雷锋班”——黑龙江省龙镇农场中学部八年二班开展青年志愿者活动纪实

正让温暖阳光照亮心灵在黑龙江省龙镇农场学校,有一个中学部八年二班,该班学生每月开展志愿者服务,连续12年风雨无阻,被称为永不消散的校园"雷锋班"。"雷锋班"的志愿者活动开始于2004年3月,时任该校团委书记戴朝霞组织青年志愿者服务队帮扶自己身边的弱势群体,有学生向大家推荐了帮扶对象——残疾人王莹。每到周末,大家都会来王莹家里帮忙,抢着干力所     

事业单位实施部门预算之我见

目前,黑龙江垦区的事业单位经过几年的改革,从人员编制上实行定编、定岗,既压缩了人员,又减少了事业费的支出,改善了财务状况,也充分调动单位内部各部门的积极性,实行了分级管理的财务管理体制.因实施内部部门预算(以下简称部门预算)是一个全新的课题,对此笔者提出以下参考性意见.     

有感于『只做环境不招商』

作为全国第一劳务输出大县的河南省固始县,在当今招商引资热浪中却"反弹琵琶",喊出了"只做环境不招商"口号。他们的理念是:只要把当地环境做好了,就会形成引力磁场,就会成为人才、资本的聚集洼地,外地的老板包括本地在外创业能人才     

我所见到的邓老三次农村调查

一 1956年10月至1957年2月,邓老率工作组赴江西的南昌、南丰、宁都、瑞金,福建的长汀、龙岩、漳州,广东的汕头、海丰、惠州、广州、海南等地,连续进行了四个月的农村调查.他先后向中央写了六次报告,反映了相当部分农业社仍存在着中央在<关于加强农业生产合作社的生产领导和组织建设指示>所指出的那些问题.     

黄土高坡引领一村一品

陕西省位于我国内陆腹地的黄河中游地区,与山西、河南、湖北、四川、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙以及重庆市毗邻.全省土地面积20.56万平方公里,人口3501.07万,有汉、回、满、蒙古、壮、藏、朝鲜、土家、苗、维吾尔、锡伯、白族等民族.     

连载我国农业税制的历史演变(下)

从一条鞭法到丁随地走 赋役制度是一种财经制度,有其财政作用,也有其经济作用.赋役制度以自然经济为基础,一方面对统治政权提供赋税与徭役,另一方面也阻止土地流为商品,阻止人民与土地分离.明初所执行的农业政策,迅速得到立竿见影的效果,不仅恢复了农业生产,也使农业得到了进一步的发展.然而,随着经济的发展,货币逐渐增加,社会分工日益细密,商业贸易日益发达,土地买卖日益频繁,户口大量逃亡,严重地影响了里甲制的运行,明初以来的赋役制度也就不得不随之变革.宣德、正统年间,徭役繁重,壮丁尽行,役及老幼,已是奔走不暇,更无余力从事耕种.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Evaluating Alternative Policy Responses to Higher World Food Prices: The Case of Increasing Rice Prices in Madagascar

Higher world food prices have led many developing countries to adopt policies to mitigate the impact on low-income households. This article sets out a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the efficiency, distributional, and revenue implications of alternative policy responses. The model is applied to evaluate tariff reductions and targeted transfers in Madagascar. Although lowering tariffs generates substantial efficiency gains, these accrue mainly to the top half of the welfare distribution, and poor net sellers are actually worse off. Developing a system of targeted direct transfers to poor households is likely to be a substantially more cost-effective approach to poverty alleviation.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Transaction Cost Thresholds in International Rice Markets

Recent episodes of high and volatile prices for grains such as rice have raised concerns about their implications for hunger and poverty. We model price relationships between international rice prices and 221 domestic prices in 47 developing countries that import rice. We use a threshold vector error correction model that accounts for transaction costs of trade in spatial price transmission, and an improved regularised Bayesian threshold estimator for threshold models. Our results show that threshold values are higher after 2008 than before, which suggests that transaction costs in international rice trade have increased in recent years. Threshold values are highest for Latin American countries followed by African and Asian countries, and higher for retail than for wholesale prices. Since 2008, price transmission is slower in countries that responded to high and volatile prices with domestic market‐based interventions such as price controls and faster in countries that responded by lowering tariffs and by implementing production support measures.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.