小城镇建设与乡镇企业协调发展的若干对策

小城镇作为联接城乡的桥梁,在城市化和城乡一体化过程中起着十分重要的作用,乡镇企业是我国农村产业化和农村城市化的主要动力,乡镇企业发展带动了小城镇的繁荣与发展;小城镇是我国农村政治、经济、文化的中心,也是农村工业化的中心,城市化与工业化决定了乡镇企业与小城镇化发展的相关性;只有高度认识小城镇建设与乡镇企业发展相互依托、相互促进的关系,并将两者紧密结合,才能使我国农业人口占70%的农业厣尽快实现农业现代化,乡村城镇化。     

乡镇企业的资本积累与农村劳动力转移

乡镇企业的资本积累与农村劳动力转移俞敬忠，王永作国家工业化将带来城市化和市场经济的发展，这是发展中国家的必然选择，也是我国各省经济发展的必由之路。现在，我国乡镇企业已是工业化的一支生力军，因此在乡镇企业的发展过程中，客观上存在着用什么方法积累资本，以...     

城市化、工业化与城乡收入差距互动关系的实证研究

本文从内生动态系统的角度，采用PanelData的联立方程组模型，用2SLS和3SLS方法对中国城市化、工业化与城乡收入差距之间的互动关系进行了实证估计。研究表明，城乡收入差距与城市化和劳动力的非农转移呈良性循环的互动关系，工业化发展与城乡收入差距呈恶性循环关系，城市化与工业化没有显著的相互影响关系，城市化、工业化与城乡收入差距对经济增长的影响均不显著。     

依托小城镇积极发展乡镇企业

依托小城镇积极发展乡镇企业黄旭东在社会主义市场经济的条件下，依托小城镇，集中、连片加快发展乡镇企业，不仅可以进一步完善和发挥小城镇功能，而且是实现农村工业化、城市化和现代化的重要途径。一、依托小城镇集中连片发展乡镇企业是经济发展规律所决定的根据世界工...     

关于乡镇企业进一步发展的几点意见

关于乡镇企业进一步发展的几点意见刘宇改革开放以来，特别是“八五”时期，我国乡镇企业异军突起，取得了巨大的成就，已成为我国农村经济发展的主体力量和国民经济的重要支柱。历史已经并将进一步地证明，发展乡镇企业是实现农业现代化，农村工业化、城市化和城乡一体化...     

中国城市化进程滞后的原因——从企业、家庭的角度分析

中国城市化进程滞后的原因———从企业、家庭的角度分析黄树强曾梓益中国城市化（包括按中国标准计算的城市和城镇人口）进程滞后于工业化水平，其主要表现为：工业化中，乡镇企业雇佣了绝大部分从农业中转移出来的劳动力，但乡镇企业及其雇佣劳动力没有向城市集中。１９...     

浅谈新经济环境下乡镇企业的财务管理

乡镇企业是我国特定历史条件下的产物，大力发展乡镇企业已成为实现农村工业化、城市化、农业产业化的有效途径。市场经济环境发生的变化，增加了乡镇企业财务风险，财务管理上存在的问题成为制约其持续发展的障碍之一。本结合新经济环境对财务管理的要求以及乡镇企业财务管理的突出问题，指出了乡镇企业应加强财务管理，完善财务管理制度。     

警惕：乡镇企业发展中的误导行为

警惕：乡镇企业发展中的误导行为童德山乡镇企业是农村经济的重要支柱。它肩负着实现农村现代化、工业化和城市化的历史使命。党的十一届三中全会以来，乡镇企业凭借其固有的、优越于国有企业的灵活的经营机制和充满活力的体制，在市场经济竞争的土壤里生根、开花、结果．...     

小城镇与乡镇企业联手发展是西部大开发的战略选择

城市化是一个历史进程，它往往与经济发展、市场化、工业化、非农化和现代化联系在一起，因此，城市化也常用衡量一个国家或地区经济发展水平及由传统走向现代，落后走向明的重要标志，然而，西部城市化却较之全国平均水平还要低5-6个百分点，但同时，我们也看到一个令人可喜的现象，即近几年，西部地区乡镇企业如火如茶杯荼地发展了起来，1998年其经济增长速度高出东部地区3.28个百分点。对此，我们可以得出结论：在全国三分之二的广大西部地区实现大发展，除了中央支持，全国支持外，小城镇与乡镇企业联手发展应当成为西部大开发的战略首选。     

珠江三角洲经济区农村城市化的实施方案

一、工业小区:农村城市化的启动点 农村工业化超前而城市化滞后是目前珠三角经济区农村发展中面临的重要问题。鉴于现阶段整个经济区乡镇企业布局高度分散、有效规模不足以及严重的外部不经济代价等问题,应该说诱导乡镇企业从分散走向集中已刻不容缓。我们以为,通过农村工业小区的规划与建立,推动规模经济的发展,并由此带动农村的城市化,是珠江三角洲经济区建设中的一个重要议程。     

国土资源科技进步与可持续发展

本文探讨了国土资源科技进步与可持续发展的关系 ,科技进步实现我国现阶段可持续发展的途径 ,对可持续发展的未来进行了展望 ,并提出了若干结论和建议。     

国土资源与可持续发展

今天 ,我向大家介绍一下我国国土资源的有关情况 ,并与大家一起学习中央关于国土资源管理的重要指示精神。我的介绍分为三个部分 :一是对国土资源重要地位和作用的认识 ;二是对国土资源面临严峻形势的分析 ;三是保护和合理利用国土资源的对策。一、国土资源的重要地位和作用自然资源包括土地资源、矿产资源、海洋资源、水资源、森林资源、草原资源、生物资源、气候资源、能源资源及自然景观旅游资源等十多种。社会生产离不开资源 ,无论生产创造的财富属于哪一个门类 ,其起始点都必定是自然资源。任何一个国家 ,其经济发展的规模、速度以及稳…     

保障抗震救灾粮油质量安全的实践与体会

<正>"5·12"特大地震,给四川省粮食系统造成了重大人员伤亡和巨额经济损失,全省21个市州、148个县(市、区)、618个企业遭受了不同程度的破坏和损失,造成的直接和间接经济损失达到140亿     

江苏省地质环境管理改革发展的目标与路径

江苏省现阶段的主要地质环境问题是由自然因素和人为因素造成和引发的。多年来,江苏省地质环境管理取得了很大成绩,但也存在不少问题。新时期加强地质环境管理要根据江苏省的实际,不断深化认识,健全法制,明确责任,突出重点,拓宽地质环境管理思路;要从政府、企业和社会三方面着手,构建保障社会科学发展的地质环境管理新机制,全面推进地质环境管理改革,为江苏省现代化建设"两个率先"的宏伟目标服务。     

Similarities and dissimilarities between the EU agricultural and rural development model and Romanian agriculture. Challenges and perspectives

The main aims of this study are to highlight the differences and the similarities between the European model of agricultural and rural development, and the state of play in the Romanian agricultural sector. Statistically speaking, the agricultural sector's indicators of the past two decades place Romania outside the family picture of the EU countries, with very slight resemblances, and very strong discrepancies between their economic, technical, and institutional characteristics. At present, competition-wise, farming and farmers in Romania are still strongly disfavoured in relation to their competitors in the old EU Member States. In Romania, the economic and institutional mechanisms have most often been devised to the disadvantage of agricultural production, by claiming that subsistence farming would be the sustainable way, and by channelling the added value to other sectors. An option to continue the agricultural policies of the past decades and to abandon the national support lent to agriculture would be particularly risky through its unpredictable and incalculable social and economic effects.     

Land use planning and health and well-being

This paper is concerned with the relationship between the planning of settlements and health. It gives a brief introduction to the issues before summarising the evidence in relation to a range of topics, concluding with some more speculative thoughts on likely future findings.Modern planning was invented in response to inhumane living conditions in 19th century cities. But in the last century the connection was lost. Only now, with concerns over climate change and obesity, is there beginning to be the realisation that the physical environment is an important determinant of health.The paper uses a particular model of this relationship based on eco-system and health determinants theories to structure the review of evidence. The review covers: lifestyle choices in relation to physical activity and diet, mental well-being and community, the local economy and income, health inequalities and strategic land use transport planning, pollution and urban form, and finally impacts on global ecology.There is now a growing consensus that while personal factors are critical in determining health, the urban environment exacerbates or mitigates health and well-being outcomes.The level of active travel (walking and cycling) and outdoor recreational activity is strongly affected by accessibility to local facilities. Access to green, natural environments, and to local social networks, are factors in mental well-being. The wider sub-regional pattern of housing, economic development, land use and transport is a determinant of social exclusion and therefore health inequalities. It also affects health-damaging pollution, adaptability in the face of climate change and the level of carbon dioxide emissions.We have literally been building unhealthy conditions into many of our towns and cities. But comparisons with the best cities in Europe indicate that it is possible to reverse the less desirable trends. Success depends, however, on more radical policies of local authority control over land and finance than any political party has yet advocated. It also requires collaboration between the full range of powerful public and private organizations that influence the built environment.Future research is likely to further strengthen these conclusions. It will become much more obvious that planning for health and well-being is not only the NHS, but about creating a health-promoting physical, social and economic environment.     

Technical and Organizational Change and Economies of Scale and Scope in Developing Countries

This article examines the impact of flexible automation (FA) and associated organizational techniques on scale and scope economies and optimal scale. It is based on an in-depth survey of 62 engineering firms in Brazil, India, Mexico, Thailand, Turkey and Venezuela. The paper finds that the replacement of old, mainly conventional, machine tools and transfer lines by new computer-numerically-controlled machine tools and related FA has resulted in lower economical batch sizes and the manufacturing of growing variety, making it possible to reap economies of scope. Scale and scope economies at product level have, however, reinforced scale economies at plant level, resulting in higher levels of optimal output. The main factors accounting for such impact are the reduction in the number of operations required, the improved efficiency and accuracy of the new technologies and the much higher capital fixed costs vis-a ¤ -vis the technologies that were replaced. Higher plant scales could limit the potential for industrialization in developing countries.