胶体金快速测试卡检测粮食中真菌毒素的应用

采用国家标准方法对脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮2种真菌毒素的胶体金快速测试卡进行了验证,从验证的准确性、重复性、稳定性方面看,真菌毒素胶体金快速测试卡能够满足快速筛选的技术要求,方法简便快捷,适合粮食收购环节现场快速筛选检测工作。     

液相色谱-质谱联用同时检测粮食中多种真菌毒素的应用进展

液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)技术以通用型的质谱仪为检测器,集液相色谱高分离能力为一体,在多组分检测中发挥着越来越重要的作用。结合近几年LC-MS技术在粮食中真菌毒素检测方面的应用,从样品前处理、色谱分离、质谱检测等3个方面对文献报道的方法进行了分析和评价,并对该技术在今后粮食中真菌毒素污染检验监测的发展应用进行了展望。     

粮食中常见的真菌毒素及其限量标准、检测方法

真菌毒素是真菌的有毒代谢产物,为确保国家粮食安全,不能忽视真菌毒素对人类健康、经济作物等造成的不利影响。系统梳理了粮食中常见的真菌毒素种类及其限量标准、现行有效的检测标准,为相关检测机构提供科学依据。     

提高农药残留快速检测方法准确度的研究

近年来,作为法定检测方法的重要补充,食品安全快速检测设备和试剂的技术研发得到了快速发展,被广泛应用于基层监管部门以及集贸市场、超市、农业基地和餐饮企业等各种场合。目前市场上有多个厂家基于国标GB/T5009.199-2003推荐的检测方法,开发了专用检测仪,选取目前市场上较具代表性的两种农残仪进行对比分析,得出不同检测设备的检测结果精确度的差异性。     

胶体金免疫层析试纸条在污染物重金属离子铅检测方面的应用与展望

胶体金免疫层析试纸条作为快速检测工具,具有特异性强、使用方便、结果易于判断等优点,被广泛应用于牧场和实验室检测。目前,已研发应用于污染物重金属离子铅检测的胶体金试纸条。文章从胶体金免疫层析试纸条的技术原理、研究发展以及发展方向等方面进行简要的综述。     

快速检测技术在食品安全监管中的应用实践

随着我国经济、科技的不断进步,人们的生活质量有了很大提高,更注重日常饮食的质量安全问题.目前,我国食品相关部门已普遍使用快速检测技术保证人们的食品安全.本文通过文献调研法对快速检测技术的特点、快速检测方法的种类及快速检测技术在食品安全监管中的应用等进行分析,以期为我国快速检测技术的发展提供参考.     

白城市新收获玉米真菌毒素污染状况分析

为掌握白城市收获期玉米中的黄曲霉毒素B₁(AFB₁)、呕吐毒素(DON)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)的污染情况，采集了白城市新收获的玉米样品共200份。采用胶体金快速定量法对其真菌毒素污染情况进行检测，依据GB 2761—2017《食品安全国家标准食品中真菌毒素限量》标准进行判定分析。结果表明：新收获的玉米中AFB₁、DON和ZEN的检出率分别为8.0%,81.0%,73.5%，超标率分别为0.0%,3.5%,0.0%。白城市收获期玉米受真菌毒素污染比较普遍，其中DON的污染最严重，已经出现了超过限量标准的情况，需引起有关部门的足够重视。66.5%的玉米样品受到两种及以上真菌毒素的污染，样品受到多种真菌毒素污染的情况非常普遍。     

玉米生霉粒含量与真菌毒素含量及储存品质关系的研究

玉米生霉粒一直是困扰粮食收储企业以及加工企业的重要指标之一,生霉粒含量大不利于粮食的储存,且会直接导致玉米脂肪酸值增加,同时引起真菌毒素含量的增加。近年来,国家充分重视食品安全问题,对于真菌毒素超标的粮食严格处理。本文通过检测玉米样品的水分、生霉粒含量、霉变粒含量以及黄曲霉毒素、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮含量,研究玉米生霉粒含量与真菌毒素含量及储存品质的关系。     

中国谷物真菌毒素降解的研究现状与发展趋势

为把握中国谷物真菌毒素降解的研究现状与发展趋势,明确目前关于谷物真菌毒素的研究热点和未来的研究方向。利用文献计量的方法对中国知网数据库(CNKI)和中国专利数据库按照主题,篇关摘和年份进行高级检索,时间跨度为1915年1月1日—2020年12月31日。共检索到1 044条文献,中文文献570条,谷物真菌毒素降解文献264条,专利109项。通过文献计量分析表明:国内关于谷物真菌毒素降解的研究起步较晚,研究仍处于探索发展阶段,原始创新和实用性研究较少;当前的研究热点主要是黄曲霉毒素、呕吐毒素(脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇)、玉米赤霉烯酮等的脱毒研究,脱毒技术集中于生物降解、吸附、辐照和臭氧脱毒的研究。未来应加强谷物真菌毒素降解的实用性研究,寻找新的突破点和创新点。     

小麦中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇残留检测研究进展

由镰刀菌引起的小麦赤霉病是中国最主要的小麦病害之一,能造成小麦严重减产,品质下降,而且镰刀菌还能产生多种真菌毒素,进一步危害小麦及其制品的质量安全。其中,脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇是小麦中检出率最高、危害最严重的真菌毒素之一,严重威胁着人类和动物健康。文章综述了近年来应用于小麦中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇残留检测的主要方法的研究进展,包括薄层色谱法、免疫化学分析方法、色谱法和色谱质谱联用法等,并展望其发展趋势,以期为小麦中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的残留检测提供参考。     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式，发挥地质工作优势，推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步，紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势，加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况，积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源，两个市场”的思路，通过实施中外合作勘查项目，以境外勘查工作为载体和平台，实施引进来和走出去战略，为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

Towards an Integration of R & D and Marketing in Production Development

Abstract

In this paper, two approaches which are characteristic for Research & Development and Marketing departments are compared. First, R&D versus Marketing orientations are explained, then the major differences between them are presented. The integration of both approaches may improve competitive advantage of the food industry. Factors stimulating such integration are presented on the basis of data from real business circumstances. Innovation is regarded as a major source of competitive advantage of company. Therefore, integration in sensory methodology, that is commonly but differently used by R & D and Marketing departments, may contribute to the improvement of innovation practices and successful business performance. Finally, the role of consumer tests, oriented for marketing and product development, is illustrated.     

Successful Practices in California Wine Exporting

Abstract

California is one of the world's largest wine producers, yet it has exported only a small portion of its products. Many US wineries want to pursue opportunities in foreign markets but only a few are actually doing this successfully. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the successful practices of 12 California wineries that have achieved their financial targets and other export goals. A qualitative research design of in-depth interviews was employed. Results indicate that there are 5 major success factors, with the two most important being the foreign partner relationship and top management vision and commitment to exporting.     

Time Allocation Decisions Associated with Job Market Preparation: Undergraduate Perceptions versus Market Realities

A survey of agribusiness firms identifies characteristics associated with above average starting salary offers in the allied fields of agribusiness, agricultural economics, business, and economics. A complementary survey is made of students at Texas A&M University and University of Georgia. Results show that firms value work experience and leadership experience more than students do, whereas students value raising grade point average and interview preparation more than do firms. Students seeking a firm's maximum starting salary offer will need to enhance academic performance with substantial work experience and leadership experience.