实物期权、企业慈善与融资约束

以中国A股上市民营企业为样本,基于实物期权理论,揭示了民营企业一面有较高融资约束,一面慷慨捐赠的真实动因。研究发现,民营企业慈善捐赠行为显著降低了企业的融资约束,而且,慈善捐赠带来的实物期权累积得越多,慈善捐赠缓解企业融资约束的程度越强。研究结论深化了对我国民营上市企业慈善捐赠动机的认识,并对相关监管部门引导民营企业融资和推动社会责任投资具有一定的启示。     

个人捐赠何以可为:慈善信息与组织信任的作用机制研究

捐赠作为慈善事业发展的基石,对社会发展和社会的良性运行具有重要意义。本文在实证调查基础上,运用OLS回归方法分析了慈善信息、组织信任与个人捐赠行为三者之间的关系。研究发现:慈善信息的获取对捐赠行为具有积极影响,其中通过新兴媒介获取慈善信息的影响远远大于通过传统媒介获取信息的影响;慈善信息的获取不仅直接影响个人的捐赠行为,而且可以通过慈善组织信任度这个中介变量间接影响个人捐赠行为。     

上市公司慈善行为对经营业绩的影响分析

利用117家A股上市公司在2011~2013年的样本数据,实证分析了上市公司慈善捐助行为对经营业绩的影响。实证结果显示,慈善捐赠对企业经营绩效具有显著的正向影响。上市公司慈善捐赠活动会增加企业经营绩效,提升企业的市场价值,并成为企业间相互竞争的一种方式。企业应把慈善捐赠行为融入长期发展战略中,并将企业的慈善捐助行为转化为履行社会责任的一种体现。     

社会行为：海外乡亲慈善捐赠的本质内涵

海外乡亲的慈善捐赠在本质上是一种社会行为。根据社会学家马克斯·韦伯社会行为理论,海外乡亲慈善捐赠的行为可以分为四种类型,即目的理性捐赠行为、价值理性捐赠行为、传统捐赠行为、情感捐赠行为。海外乡亲捐赠行为的意向呈现出明显的阶段性,在不同时期、不同环境下海外乡亲慈善捐赠行为的每一种类型所起的作用并不一样,但在总体上呈现出由感性捐赠向理性捐赠嬗变的趋势。海外乡亲在不同时期运用了不同的慈善策略,从感性捐赠到注重理性捐赠的＂科学慈善＂,从注重慈善回报的战备性捐赠到注重效率的慈善投资,是海外乡亲在不同时期慈善策略的演变过程。     

推动社会捐赠的税收政策探讨

一、完善捐赠税收政策,调动企业和个人的慈善捐赠积极性当前能享受税收优惠的捐赠行为十分有限,多数慈善基金组织是以挂靠企业的形式享受相关税收优惠政策,对个人捐赠、实物捐赠等缺乏相应的税     

所得税政策是否会影响企业慈善捐赠?——基于2011-2015年A股上市公司的实证研究北大核心CSSCI

本文基于2011—2015年度我国沪深两市2279家A股上市公司面板数据,采用双对数多元线性回归模型,对企业所得税是否影响企业慈善捐赠进行了实证检验。结果表明,企业所得税实际税率与企业慈善捐赠支出存在显著的正相关关系,其弹性系数区间为(0.066,0.084);净利润是影响企业慈善捐赠支出的最显著因素,净利润增加1%,企业慈善捐赠支出将增加0.22%—0.353%;资产负债率与企业慈善捐赠支出没有显著关系;资产回报率与企业慈善捐赠支出存在负相关关系。基于此,本文提出了完善我国企业所得税制度以促进慈善事业发展的相关建议。     

我国企业慈善捐赠的现状及对企业价值的影响分析

随着我国的经济快速发展,企业的慈善捐赠行为越来越成为一种普遍的现象。而在传统的生产要素对企业的竞争力的提升作用已凸显瓶颈制约时,企业将慈善捐赠纳入到经营管理战略体系中,以获取竞争优势、改善企业业绩及提升企业价值已逐渐成为企业的必然选择。     

促进慈善捐赠的企业所得税政策探析

本文基于企业慈善捐赠动机以及慈善捐赠企业所得税收优惠激励机理分析,针对企业所得税制度影响我国企业慈善捐赠规模和倾向的问题,提出扩大享受税前扣除的捐赠范围、适当扩展结转年度限制、试行差异扣除比例、扩大享受税前扣除资格的慈善组织范围等促进我国企业慈善捐赠的所得税税收优惠政策。     

论公司慈善捐赠中董事的忠实与勤勉义务

妥当定位公司慈善捐赠中董事的行为规则,是解决公司慈善捐赠活动中各种利益冲突的关键.客观上公司慈善捐赠会增进社会公共利益,但董事决策公司慈善捐赠的行为目标却应该与董事在公司治理中的职责相一致,即促进公司利益最大化.公司慈善捐赠中董事需对公司承担忠实义务和勤勉义务,以公司利益为自己的行为准则,竭力通过捐赠促进公司长期与短期利益的最大化.     

商业银行的慈善责任

近年来，我国商业银行比较重视履行社会责任。因灾难频发，慈善责任成为商业银行践行社会责任的主要方式。慈善责任集中表现为慈善平台和慈善捐赠，慈善捐赠中包括物资捐赠和服务捐赠，物质捐赠中的捐款多用于赈灾，扶贫、教育事业等方面。由于我国有关捐赠的法律不完善，慈善捐赠缺乏规范管理，商业银行慈善责任激励机制尚未完善，因此慈善责任力度偏弱，信息披露不充分。对此本文提出了完善对策。     

The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy

When it comes to philanthropy, executives increasingly see themselves as caught between critics demanding ever higher levels of "corporate social responsibility" and investors applying pressure to maximize short-term profits. In response, many companies have sought to make their giving more strategic, but what passes for strategic philanthropy is almost never truly strategic, and often isn't particularly effective as philanthropy. Increasingly, philanthropy is used as a form of public relations or advertising, promoting a company's image through high-profile sponsorships. But there is a more truly strategic way to think about philanthropy. Corporations can use their charitable efforts to improve their competitive context--the quality of the business environment in the locations where they operate. Using philanthropy to enhance competitive context aligns social and economic goals and improves a company's long-term business prospects. Addressing context enables a company to not only give money but also leverage its capabilities and relationships in support of charitable causes. The produces social benefits far exceeding those provided by individual donors, foundations, or even governments. Taking this new direction requires fundamental changes in the way companies approach their contribution programs. For example, philanthropic investments can improve education and local quality of life in ways that will benefit the company. Such investments can also improve the company's competitiveness by contributing to expanding the local market and helping to reduce corruption in the local business environment. Adopting a context-focused approach goes against the grain of current philanthropic practice, and it requires a far more disciplined approach than is prevalent today. But it can make a company's philanthropic activities far more effective.     

“原罪”嫌疑、制度环境与民营企业慈善捐赠

2018年11月1日,习近平同志在民营企业座谈会上的讲话指出,要落实按照罪刑法定、疑罪从无的原则,切实保护民营企业家的人身和财产安全,这是因为"原罪"嫌疑是中国民营企业发展史上无法回避的一个重要问题,长期使得企业家面临企业合法性地位能否获得政府与社会公众认可的担忧,产生了诸多的微观经济后果。本文以2004-2016年间中国A股民营上市公司作为研究样本,根据企业初始产权获取过程中是否涉及公有产权到私有产权的转变作为对民营企业"原罪"嫌疑的度量,实证检验了"原罪"嫌疑是否以及如何影响民营企业的慈善捐赠行为。结果发现,由于"原罪"嫌疑所引致的民营企业合法性得不到正式认可与保护的威胁,背负"原罪"嫌疑的民营企业有动机通过慈善捐赠来讨好政府和社会公众以便降低这种威胁,而且这一正向影响关系随着企业所在省市的制度环境的完善而减弱。进一步本文还发现,"原罪"嫌疑对民营企业慈善捐赠水平的正向影响关系在不存在政治联系的企业以及实际控制人登上富豪榜后表现得更为明显。     

Where to donate: The geographical distribution of corporate philanthropy in China

An emerging body of literature has demonstrated that corporate philanthropy can be an important part of a company’s business strategy. However, we know relatively little about how companies allocate philanthropic resources to achieve their strategic targets. Using geographical distribution data on corporate philanthropy in China from 2009 to 2016, we provide robust evidence of companies’ revenue-driven regional favoritism. Specifically, companies donate more to regions where they obtain revenue than to other regions. Further evidence suggests that this revenue-driven regional favoritism may have both reputational and political motivations. Further analysis suggests that China’s targeted poverty alleviation policy has compromised revenue-driven regional favoritism while increasing the amount of money donated to poor regions. Overall, we enrich understanding of decision-making on corporate philanthropy. We also demonstrate that companies can use the geographical distribution of corporate philanthropy strategically to obtain consumer and government favor in regions where they operate. The results also provide evidence at the micro company level of the effect of China’s implementation of a targeted poverty alleviation policy.     

Relative-to-rival corporate philanthropy,product market competitiveness,and stakeholders

Unlike most of the literature that examines the relationship between corporate philanthropy and financial performance, this study investigates the mechanisms through which corporate socially responsible behaviors produce financial outcomes. We propose that corporate philanthropy improves corporate competitiveness by eliciting positive responses from stakeholders, who assess a firm’s philanthropic contribution in relation to its rivals to determine what level of support they wish to provide to the firm. We predict that a firm’s philanthropy relative to its rivals has a positive effect on its product market competitiveness, and that this positive effect is moderated by three conditions that influence stakeholder response: stakeholder attention to philanthropy, its perceived legitimacy, and expectations of corporate giving. Our predictions are generally supported by our analyses. Overall, this paper shows that strategic philanthropy has a quantitative dimension, and firms obtain the market competitiveness associated with corporate philanthropy by integrating their rivals’ positions into their decision making.     

社会创投、资源获取与社会企业绩效关系研究

在社会使命和市场经济的双重驱动下,社会企业通过创新商业模式来解决社会问题。社会创投作为一种新型投资模式,解决社会企业发展难题。由于二者在国内起步较晚,学者们对社会创投如何影响社会企业发展的研究较少。借鉴风险投资和传统商业企业绩效评价体系,实证分析社会创投对社会企业绩效的影响,结果表明：社会企业在接受社会创投后绩效实现提高,并且资源获取在社会创投与社会企业绩效之间具有中介作用。这为社会企业绩效提升以及社会创投与社会企业的发展提供了理论参考和依据。     

Getting Attention Through Corporate Philanthropy

This study investigates whether firm donations will attract attention for firms without analyst coverage. We find that: (1) the donations from firms without analyst coverage attract more attention from analysts, (2) donations from firms without analyst coverage improve stock liquidity and institutional holdings at least in the short run, and (3) donations from firms without analyst coverage are positively and significantly related to the future performance of firms compared with those from firms covered by analysts. This study contributes to the understanding of the influence of analysts on firms and the strategic motivations of corporate philanthropy.     

Philanthropy's new agenda: creating value

During the past two decades, the number of charitable foundations in the United States has doubled while the value of their assets has increased more than 1,100%. As new wealth continues to pour into foundations, the authors take a timely look at the field and conclude that radical change is needed. First, they explain why. Compared with direct giving, foundations are strongly favored through tax preferences whose value increases in rising stock markets. As a nation, then, we make a substantial investment in foundation philanthropy that goes well beyond the original gifts of private donors. We should therefore expect foundations to achieve a social impact disproportionate to their spending. If foundations serve merely as passive conduits for giving, then they not only fall far short of their potential but also fail to meet an important societal obligation. Drawing on Porter's work on competition and strategy, the authors then present a framework for thinking systematically about how foundations create value and how the various approaches to value creation can be deployed within the context of an overarching strategy. Although many foundations talk about "strategic" giving, much current practice is at odds with strategy. Among the common problems, foundations scatter their funding too broadly, they overlook the value-creating potential of longer and closer working relationships with grantees, and they pay insufficient attention to the ultimate results of the work they fund. This article lays out a blueprint for change, challenging foundation leaders to spearhead the evolution of philanthropy from private acts of conscience into a professional field.     

中国激励企业慈善捐助的税收优惠制度分析

企业慈善捐赠能促进社会财富的第三次分配,弥补政府职能的缺位,是企业承担社会责任的主要形式。慈善事业的蓬勃发展,需要完善的捐赠税收优惠制度予以支持和引导。《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出“完善慈善捐助减免税制度”,应当从捐赠税收优惠制度的形式优化,实行据实扣除和限额扣除相搭配的税前扣除方式,构建非货币性财产捐赠评估规则,扩大捐赠税前扣除资格保有组织数量等方面完善激励性制度安排,同时从企业捐赠税收优惠监督机制的重构方面完善约束性制度安排。     

The Benefit of Frequent Corporate Philanthropy

Applying behavioural economic theory, we argue that the frequency of philanthropic activity is important in determining corporate philanthropy's economic outcome. Using Chinese data from 2003 to 2016, we find that firms with more frequent philanthropic activities obtain more government subsidies than firms that only engage in one-off charitable donations. Firms with better corporate governance, such as higher management ownership and more independent directors, are more likely to adopt a strategy of frequent donation. Furthermore, firms are more likely to be frequent donors when management or local government officers have a long tenure. Our findings provide insight into the giving process and suggest that firms can maximize the benefit of corporate philanthropy if they strategically consider the donation frequency and donation amount simultaneously.     

Corporate Philanthropy,Research Networks,and Collaborative Innovation

Using a unique data set of corporate philanthropic activities, we find that direct giving activities are positively associated both with higher levels of innovation and innovation that is more influential, collaborative, and original. Our results suggest that much of what is ostensibly promoted as philanthropy actually reflects research‐related networking activities. The effect of direct giving on innovation is more pronounced in more opaque firms and more innovative and competitive industries. These findings provide evidence of the distinct motives by which firms choose between direct giving and foundation giving. Our study suggests that firms can use direct philanthropy to expand firm‐boundaries by developing innovation with research partners.