会计师事务所审计行业专门化对公司代理成本的抑制分析

作为降低公司代理成本的一种制度安排——独立审计,其自身质量的高低会影响这种作用的发挥。公司代理成本可以大致分为公司股东与管理层之间的管理层代理成本、控股股东与中小股东之间的控股股东代理成本以及股东与债权人之间的债务代理成本。通过分析发现,会计师事务所审计行业专门化对这些都有较好的抑制作用。     

会计师事务所审计行业专门化对公司代理成本的抑制分析

作为降低公司代理成本的一种制度安排——独立审计,其自身质量的高低会影响这种作用的发挥。公司代理成本可以大致分为公司股东与管理层之间的管理层代理成本、控股股东与中小股东之间的控股股东代理成本以及股东与债权人之间的债务代理成本。通过分析发现。会计师事务所审计行业专门化对这些都有较好的抑制作用。     

股权结构与代理成本关系的实证研究—基于2011年我国主板上市公司数据的研究

实证研究结果发现管理层持股和股权集中度分别有助于降低第一类代理成本和第二类代理成本;股权制衡度在降低第二类代理成本的同时会一定程度上提高第一类代理成本;机构投资者对降低两类代理成本并没有起到应有的作用;当用管理费用率衡量代理成本时,国有控股公司的第一类代理成本高于其他公司,而第二类代理成本低于其他公司,适度的负债也有助于降低两类代理成本。     

机构投资者持股与我国上市公司管理层薪酬的实证研究

一、问题的提出与文献回顾虽然机构投资者对管理层的监督能体现在许多公司决策上,但是这种作用大部分是不能观测到的,而管理层薪酬却是公司决策中能直观观测的部分,因此适宜于用来对机构投资者对公司治理影响这一问题进行实证研究。考察这两者的关系能更好地理解股东与经理之间代理问题的实质。因此,通过对机构投资者持股与我国上市公司管理层薪酬关系的实证研究,可以检验现阶段机构投资者对上市公司治理所产生的影响,从而考察机构股东可否承担优化我国公司治理的重任。Adres等(2005)研究管理层薪酬与机构投资者持股比例发现,机构投资者能…     

机构共同持股与公司透明度

随着我国资本市场的发展,监管机构和市场投资者对上市公司信息披露的质量提出更高要求,而作为重要的利益相关者,共同机构投资者连结企业之间的经济关联在资本市场中越来越常见,探讨机构共同持股对公司透明度的影响对于完善和发展我国证券市场具有深刻意义。本文以2007－2019年A股上市公司为研究样本,考察机构共同持股对公司透明度的影响。实证结果表明,机构共同持股能够显著提高公司透明度。同时,进一步研究发现,机构共同持股通过减少恶性竞争、降低披露的专有成本和缓解代理问题,降低代理成本这两条路径提高公司透明度。在国有企业、创新型企业中,机构共同持股更能提高公司透明度。本文结论为推进股票发行注册制,进一步完善以信息披露为核心的制度体系提供了理论指导,为资本市场信息环境的改善提供了理论支持。     

基于代理理论的经营多元化对企业业绩的影响研究

基于中国制造业上市公司2003～2009年的财务数据,讨论多元化经营和企业内部代理对企业业绩的影响,结果表明:多元化经营对企业业绩具有负向影响,股东与管理层之间的代理成本、经理层之间的代理成本对企业的业绩具有显著的负向影响,控股股东与中小股东之间的代理问题对企业业绩不具有负向影响;多元化经营导致企业股东与管理层之间代理成本增加,同时使得控股股东与中小股东之间的代理成本减少。     

集中持股下的独立审计作用:基于债券市场信用评级的分析

本文基于我国债券市场1550家上市公司和非上市公司数据,从债券市场信用评级视角实证检验了独立审计在控股股东集中持股情况下的治理作用,研究发现:控股股东持股比例与高质量审计师选择之间呈倒U型关系,信用评级相应体现出了这种倒U型关系背后的信号传递动机与企业风险评估。选择不同质量的审计师向市场传递了不同的信号,造成审计师选择在信用评级方面的治理作用也存在差异。结果表明,在控股股东集中持股情况下,我国独立审计(尤其是高质量的独立审计)在债券市场仍然发挥了治理功能,能够在一定程度上降低投资者的信息不对称程度,向市场传递信号,从而提高企业的信用评级水平。     

机构投资者持股、股权集中度与内部控制质量

内部控制是企业有效防御和应对各种风险的重要措施之一。本文选取了2012—2014年沪、深A股上市公司作为研究样本,检验机构投资者持股比例和第一大股东持股比例对内部控制质量的影响。研究结果表明：(1)机构投资者持股比例上升能够提升企业内部控制质量,但前提是机构投资者已具有一定的持股比例;(2)在企业处于非绝对控股的情况下,第一大股东持股比例上升对内部控制质量产生显著正向影响;(3)在企业处于绝对控股情况下,机构投资者对内部控制质量的提升作用会受到抑制。     

寿险公司股权结构对经营绩效的影响——基于经理人代理成本视角

基于2012—2020年我国寿险公司的面板数据，实证检验股权结构对绩效的影响并探究其作用机制。结果表明：股权集中与绩效显著负相关，股权制衡与绩效显著正相关。机制检验发现，股权集中通过增加经理人代理成本削减绩效，股权制衡通过优化此类代理成本改善绩效。异质性分析表明，股权集中对成立时间短、发展速度慢的寿险公司绩效的负面影响更为显著。鉴于此，监管部门应适当降低寿险公司股东持股比例上限，引导非控股股东积极参与公司治理。     

管理层持股与股东价值的博弈分析

管理层持股是为解决企业代理成本和激励问题而产生的。自其问世以来,国内外学者对管理层持股比例及其与上市公司价值之间的关系进行了诸多研究。本文采用博弈分析的方法,通过管理层持股和不持股情况下的对比分析,发现了管理层持股与股东价值之间的关系,这一发现为各企业根据自身情况采用管理层持股的激励方法提供参考。     

How Do Institutional Investors Affect Corporate Performance? Evidence from Private Placements in China

Using data on private placements in China from 2007 to 2014, we show that abnormal returns of issuing companies’ stocks are significantly positive on the announcement day, but they become significantly negative during the event window [?20, +20]. Participation by institutional investors has a significant and negative impact on the short-term stock returns. This negative effect is also present in issuing companies’ long-term stock returns and profitability. Furthermore, we find that participation by institutional investors reduces dividend payments after private placements. Overall, our findings do not support the monitoring hypothesis of institutional investors’ role in corporate finance but are consistent with the management entrenchment hypothesis and shareholder pessimism hypothesis.     

How do institutional investors influence accounting conservatism in China?

Using a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2003 to 2015, we find that domestic mutual funds have negative effects while qualified foreign institutional investors (QFIIs) have positive effects on firm accounting conservatism. These effects become stronger when their ownerships are closer to that of the controlling shareholder, respectively. Furthermore, these results are more pronounced when institutional investors are more able to monitor managers and compete with controlling shareholders. Our findings suggest that the influence of institutional investors on accounting conservatism in China is subject to their identities as well as the control contestability against the controlling shareholders.     

Shareholder coordination and corporate innovation

We show that greater shareholder coordination, as proxied by the geographic proximity between institutional investors, is positively related to corporate innovation outcomes. This relationship is driven by coordination among dedicated and independent institutions who have strong monitoring incentives and is more pronounced among firms with lower blockholder ownership and greater information asymmetry where there is greater benefit to monitoring. We propose that shareholder coordination promotes corporate innovation through a reduction in managerial agency problems. Overall, our results are consistent with the notion that greater shareholder coordination enables diffuse shareholders to monitor managers more effectively and enhances corporate innovation.     

Investor Sophistication and the Mispricing of Accruals

This paper examines the role of institutional investors in the pricing of accruals. Using Bushee;s (1998) classification of institutional investors, we show that firms with a high level of institutional ownership and a minimum threshold level of active institutional traders have stock prices that more accurately reflect the persistence of accruals. This result holds after controlling for differences in the persistence of accruals between firms with high and low institutional ownership, and after controlling for other characteristics that are correlated with institutional ownership and future returns. Additionally, firms with low institutional ownership are smaller, less profitable, and have lower share turnover, suggesting that limits to arbitrage impede institutional investors from exploiting the seemingly large abnormal returns for these firms.     

Nigerian professional investors' sense-making of the impact of shareholder activism on corporate accountability

This study investigates the perceptions of professional investors (PIs) on the impact of three groups of shareholder activists (i.e., reputable, sophisticated, or institutional) on corporate accountability in a weak institutional context and how this shapes the PIs’ investment recommendations. Relying on a sense-making theoretical perspective of the power and competence of shareholder activists obtained through semi-structured interviews with 27 Nigerian PIs, we reveal that the impact of shareholder activism occurs in three activism-accountability dimensions: dominant, insignificant, and emerging. Subsequently, we unpack factors that explain the power and influence of the dominant activism of reputable activists, the insignificant activism of sophisticated activists and the emerging activism of institutional activists. By advocating a contextual understanding of shareholder activism, this article sheds much-needed insights into the concept of ‘activism-accountability’ in a weak institutional environment.     

机构投资者与上市公司会计信息相关性分析

本文从机构投资者与会计信息相关性之间的联系来说明机构持股在公司治理中的作用。本研究以1999～2002年深市A股为样本，研究发现，在样本时间区闸内会计信息相关性与机构持股比例相关性不明显；从年度样本研究发现，随着机构持股比例增加，会计信息相关性增强，说明近年求机构投资者已参与公司治理，并发挥一定怍用。     

The impact of institutional investors on ESG: Evidence from China

This paper studies the influence of institutional ownership on the Chinese A-shares' ESG performance. Findings reveal the positive improvement from institutional investors, and this impact is stronger in firms with better-expected ESG performance and low initial ESG performance. Besides, heterogeneous institutional investors have different influences, and only a pressure-resistant institution plays the promotion role. Further studies based on the period following the financial crisis and when emphasising the environmental protection policy reveal that financial motivation and reputation motivation could be the reason for institutional holding. Our findings are robust after using the instrumental variable analysis, controlling for firm fixed effects, and replacing institutional holdings, and could be beneficial for the governance of firms in China.     

险资持股对上市公司股价波动的影响研究 ——基于机构投资者异质性视角

保险机构已经成为资本市场重要的机构投资者,其在整个资本市场中的作用日益受到关注.基于机构投资者异质性的视角,对保险机构和证券投资基金、社保基金以及Q FII等其他机构投资者的持股特征进行对比分析,总结梳理保险机构投资者持股的特征.并运用面板数据模型,从长期持股和持股比例变动两个方面对比分析保险机构持股与证券投资基金持股对股价波动的影响.结果表明:在样本期间内,相对于证券投资基金,保险机构长期持股起到了稳定股市的作用,但保险机构持股比例变动会加剧股市的波动.     

The Sensitivity of Individual and Institutional Investors' Expectations to Changing Market Conditions: Evidence from Closed-End Funds

This study investigates whether individual and institutional investors respond differently to changes in market conditions. Closed-end funds are the medium used to test the hypothesis because closed-end fund shares (held primarily by individual investors) and the underlying assets (held primarily by institutional investors) are claims to the same stream of distributions. The empirical results suggest that individual investors are more responsive than institutional investors to changes in market conditions. Moreover, although the response of institutional investors differs across stock and bond markets, we cannot reject the hypothesis that the additional sensitivity of individual investors' expectations is uniform across stock and bond markets.     

On Foreign Shareholdings and Agency Costs: New Evidence from China

This article examines the impact of foreign shareholdings on agency costs of Chinese firms from 2006 to 2012. The empirical results indicate that: (1) direct foreign shareholdings, in contrast to indirect foreign shareholdings, improve asset utilization, suggesting low agency costs; (2) qualified foreign institutional investors play a significant role in firms because they are less subject to political pressure, which is consistent with lower agency costs, but this effect could be eroded by government control; and (3) foreign shareholdings reduce the cost of equity and improve firm performance. The results contribute to the privatization of state-owned enterprises and the domestic/foreign ownership structure of firms.