构建和完善我国公益信托税收制度研究

要调节收入分配,促进社会和谐稳定可持续发展,重点在于再分配环节。除了运用政策、税收等直接手段外,还应建立起多元化的有导向性的间接调控机制,引导社会资金主动地流向公益慈善事业,反哺社会。从国外金融市场实践来看,公益信托在吸引社会资金发展本国慈善公益事业方面具有强大的生命力和明显的优越性,对于促进社会分配的公平合理具有重要意义。而反观我国公益信托事业发展步履维艰的现状,现行公益信托税收制度不独立、不完善、不合理是阻碍其发展的重要原因。因此,要发展好我国的公益信托事业,在税法层面扫清其发展桎梏,当务之急是剖析现行相应税收制度的弊端,借鉴国外先进立法例,结合我国公益信托发展状况,构建起适应我国现状,独立完善的公益信托税收制度。     

探讨我国公益信托发展模式

公益信托是委托人为了社会公益目的而设立的信托,其目的必须有利于全社会或者社会中的部分公众,是市场经济发达国家为了提升社会福利、发展公益事业而创造性地建立的一项财产分配制度和财产管理制度。在英美法上,公益信托又称慈善信托(Charitable Trust),在救济、教育、医疗、卫生等社会公益事业方面发挥了重要作用。本文试图通过解析目前我国公益信托的发展现状,探索我国开展公益信托的模式。     

信托模式：我国资产证券化发展模式的现实选择

资产证券化运作机制的本质在于破产风险的隔离机制,而信托财产的独立性正好符合资产证券化的本质要求。在我国现有的法律制度背景下,信托模式是我国资产证券化发展模式的现实选择。本文分析了目前制约信托在资产证券化应用的因素,并提出对策建议。     

关于发展公益信托的几点法律思考s

一、公益信托概述 （一）概念 公益信托是指出于公共利益的目的,为使社会公众或者一定范围内的社会公众受益而设立的信托。它是委托人将信托财产委托给受托人,由受托人以自己的名义对信托财产进行管理、使用,并按照信托文件的要求将信托财产及其受益用于实现信托文件所规定的社会公益目的。我国《信托法》对公益信托的定义是为救济贫困,救助灾民．扶助残疾人、发展教育、科技、文化、艺术、体育事业。发展医疗卫生事业、发展环境保护事业和其他社会公益事业而设立的信托。     

信托模式——我国资产证券化发展模式的现实选择

资产证券化运作机制的本质在于破产风险的隔离机制，而信托财产的独立性正好符合资产证券化的本质要求。在我国现有的法律制度背景下，分析了目前制约信托在资产证券化应用的因素，指出信托模式是我国资产证券化发展模式的现实选择，并提出对策建议。     

我国金融信托业的现实状况与发展战略研究

我国金融信托业的现实状况与发展战略研究乔海曙信托是源于英国衡平法的一种为他人管理财产的制度。由于信托在所有权、经营权、受益权方面相分离，法律构造独特，使得其在业务运作中颇富弹性且极具社会功能，被英、美、日等国广泛运用于民事、商事及公益领域，已成为金融...     

我国《信托法》信托监察人制度之补正思考

信托监察人制度是大陆法系信托法的重要内容之一,大陆法系的信托法均规定了信托监察制度,我国《信托法》也确立了信托监察人制度,但是我国的监察人制度存在着一些缺陷,主要体现在两方面,其一是信托监察人制度仅适用于公益信托,其二是规定公益信托的监督机构为公益事业管理机构。本文从这两方面提出了完善我国信托监察人制度的几点建议。     

目的信托研究：理论证成、制度建构与本土方案

我国《信托法》目前仅调整私益信托和公益信托,并未承认目的信托,存在立法漏洞。理论上,目的信托系介于私益信托和公益信托之间的客观存在,契合社会现实需要与信托价值取向,在受益人原则已事实突破的背景下,本着意思自治原则,目的信托应当得到法律承认。制度上,为防止目的信托制度被滥用,应当明确目的信托的适用范围、目的信托监察人和目的信托存续期限这三方面的规范。有鉴于此,应当重述我国《信托法》第2条之“特定目的”,使其射程包括非公益目的;相应地,应当增设“目的信托”一章,从正反两方面界定目的信托的适用范围,置备信托监察人的选任规则、权利和义务等规范,并合理规定目的信托存续的最长期限。     

社会公益基金保值增值途径研究

社会公益基金的保值增值对我国公益事业的持续发展是必不可少的，但目前由于基金会投资人才缺乏和内部治理机制的原因造成其保值增值能力不足。公蓝信托虽可以保证社会公益基金的安全和增值，但由于税收优惠制度的缺乏、营销工作不到住等原因，在我国并没有得到普及，对此，加强宣传和重树信托形象是根本对策。基金会在我国短期内并不会被完全替代，为其找出合适的保值增值途径尤为紧迫。     

用公益信托制度守卫公民重建地震灾区的爱心

公益信托是西方发达国家开展社会公益活动的重要手段之一,目前我国已基本具备开办此业务的基础条件,金融监管当局积极鼓励规范开展公益信托,在灾区重建中发挥积极作用     

促进慈善捐赠的企业所得税政策探析

本文基于企业慈善捐赠动机以及慈善捐赠企业所得税收优惠激励机理分析,针对企业所得税制度影响我国企业慈善捐赠规模和倾向的问题,提出扩大享受税前扣除的捐赠范围、适当扩展结转年度限制、试行差异扣除比例、扩大享受税前扣除资格的慈善组织范围等促进我国企业慈善捐赠的所得税税收优惠政策。     

我国慈善捐赠税收政策体系的完善研究

近年来,我国慈善捐赠事业不断发展,但与之相关的慈善捐赠税收政策较为分散,尚未形成完整的政策体系。梳理我国慈善捐赠相关税收政策法规发现,我国慈善捐赠税收政策体系目前存在较多问题亟待解决。进一步完善我国现行慈善捐赠税收政策体系,需要借鉴国际经验,从全局考虑,统筹规划各税种的税收优惠政策,使各税种的优惠政策和税收征管共同作用,充分保障捐赠者和受赠者权益,从而更好促进我国慈善捐赠事业发展。     

A two-state analysis of estate taxes and charitable bequests from the most generous decedents

This study uses Censored Quantile Regression (CQR) and probate records for the years 2000–2005 to analyze charitable bequests of the most generous decedents from two states, Virginia and Louisiana. We focus on the most generous decedents because they account for a large portion of total charitable bequests. The most generous decedents' charitable bequest tax price (i.e., one minus the marginal tax rate) elasticity is not significantly greater than one in both our full sample and the subsample of the decedents filing federal estate tax returns. Our finding suggests that allowing charitable bequests to be deductible is not a treasury efficient policy for the most generous decedents. We also find that the tax price and wealth effects for the most generous decedents are overestimated by the Tobit model that has been traditionally utilized by prior studies. Furthermore, filers' charitable bequests are predicted to decrease if the estate tax is repealed.     

重大突发公共卫生事件公益性捐赠个人所得税税前扣除问题研究

公益性捐赠税前扣除对于促进重大突发公共卫生事件中的公益性捐赠有着重要作用.新冠疫情期间,国家从扣除比例、捐款程序、发票等方面放宽了公益性捐赠税前扣除的限制,有效激励了疫情期间的公益性捐赠.但仍然存在捐赠品界定不合理、不清晰,税收优惠集中于疫中支持,税收优惠缺乏稳定法律法规体系等问题.本文通过借鉴美国相关经验,提出了我国重大突发公共卫生事件中公益性捐赠个税扣除体系构建思路.     

Societal trust and corporate tax avoidance

Using an international sample of firms from 25 countries and a country-level index for societal trust, we document that societal trust is negatively associated with tax avoidance, even after controlling for other institutional determinants, such as home country legal institutions and tax system characteristics. We explore the effects of two country-level institutional characteristics—strength of legal institutions and capital market pressure—on the relation between societal trust and tax avoidance. We find that the relation between trust and tax avoidance is less pronounced when the legal institutions in a country are stronger and is more pronounced when the capital market pressure is stronger. Finally, we examine the relation between societal trust and tax evasion, an extreme and illegal form of tax avoidance. We show that societal trust is negatively related to tax evasion and the negative relation is less pronounced when legal institutions are stronger.     

论对个人财产转移信托的课税

随着信托业务的不断发展,以财产保护和转移为目标的财产转移信托在我国已经出现。财产转移信托具有特殊的财产权架构,因而导致其税收法律关系出现较为复杂的变化。由于我国尚未建立财产转移信托税收制度,信托税收法律关系的变化将产生不利于社会公平、不利于防范避税等一系列负面问题。本文认为,我国应当按照信托受益人课税和信托主体课税的原则构建相关信托税收制度。     

中国激励企业慈善捐助的税收优惠制度分析

企业慈善捐赠能促进社会财富的第三次分配,弥补政府职能的缺位,是企业承担社会责任的主要形式。慈善事业的蓬勃发展,需要完善的捐赠税收优惠制度予以支持和引导。《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出“完善慈善捐助减免税制度”,应当从捐赠税收优惠制度的形式优化,实行据实扣除和限额扣除相搭配的税前扣除方式,构建非货币性财产捐赠评估规则,扩大捐赠税前扣除资格保有组织数量等方面完善激励性制度安排,同时从企业捐赠税收优惠监督机制的重构方面完善约束性制度安排。     

Understanding multidimensional tax systems

Income tax systems are multidimensional, and ignoring their non-rate aspects can introduce bias into cross-country empirical estimation of the impact of taxation on economic outcomes. We analyze 10 non-rate tax system aspects, codified based on recent reports published by the Organisation for Co-operation and Development. We find that a single factor (which we call Dispersed Responsibility), related to the role of taxpayers and third parties in tax collection, can reasonably summarize the cross-country covariation, and offer it as a parsimonious measure of non-rate tax system dimensions for future empirical analysis. We also ascertain that a standard measure of trust in government is positively associated with greater administrator coverage and administrative assessment, as well as more serious sanctions for non-compliance. Ethnic heterogeneity, individualism, and a history of external conflict also can explain certain aspects of tax systems. We find that countries with greater trust in government score lower on Dispersed Responsibility. Finally, we find that adding a measure of the number of tax authority employees can eliminate the otherwise significant positive estimated coefficient of GDP per capita on the tax level, and attracts a significant positive correlation itself, suggesting that the extent of tax administration and enforcement is part of the story that explains the enduring statistical regularity between tax levels and per capita income.     

中国产业投资基金组织形式探讨

产业投资基金(也称私募股权基金或股权投资企业)已经成为全球资本市场的重要参与者,但在我国尚处于起步阶段.在我国现行法律制度下,产业投资基金可能采取的组织形式分别为公司制、有限合伙制及信托制.本文针对投资者权利、税收地位、激励机制、资金筹集、资本退出、承诺出资制度及监督机制等方而对三种产业投资基金进行了分析比较,认为公司制和有限合伙制提供了较为完备的制度规范和税收优势,应成为未来我国产业投资基金的主要组织形式.     

Tax compliance in a social setting: The influence of social norms,trust in government,and perceived fairness on taxpayer compliance

Voluntary tax compliance is important for governments around the world as they try to manage budget deficits. Traditional methods to improve tax compliance, such as increased audits, can be costly to implement. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence that social factors have on individuals' tax compliance intentions. Results of a survey of 217 U.S. taxpayers found support for the influence of social factors on tax compliance. This research concludes that social norms influence compliance intentions indirectly through internalization as personal norms. Specifically, as the strength of social norms in favor of tax compliance increases, personal norms of tax compliance also increase, and this leads to a subsequent increase in compliance intentions. We also conclude that trust in government has a significant influence on both perceived fairness of the tax system and compliance decisions. This study adds to current tax research in two important ways. First, the results suggest that the influence of social norms on tax compliance is largely through internalization as personal norms. Second, to the best of our knowledge this is also the first tax compliance study in which perception of fairness is modeled as a function of trust rather than vice-versa. This research may help taxing authorities develop less costly and more effective strategies for increasing taxpayer compliance.