人民币国际化成本收益分析及推进策略

近段时间以来,人民币国际化的问题再次升温.系统分析人民币国际化的成本收益及可行性,认为人民币国际化的收益在长期远高于其成本,当前中国有必要也具备一定条件推进人民币的国际化.我们应抓住历史机遇,以渐进模式推动人民币的国际化进程.     

关于人民币国际化的成本收益分析

席卷全球的国际金融危机暴露了以美元为主要国际货币体系的缺陷。推进国际货币体系改革、构建国际金融新秩序至关重要,而人民币国际化则成为国际货币体系改革的重要组成部分。人民币国际化既有收益,也有成本。文章在先简略地对人民币国际化内涵以及可行性进行梳理后,再通过对国际化的收益与成本进行详细阐述,分析表明,国际化带来的收益整体上远远大于成本。因此,应积极创造国际化的有利条件,逐步稳妥推进人民币国际化。     

人民币国际化研究文献综述

本文从人民币国际化的成本与收益、国际化条件以及国际化路径三个方面,对中国人民币国际化的研究进展进行了梳理、分析和总结。研究发现对人民币国际化成本与收益、国际化条件观点较为一致,国际化的路径存在分歧。     

人民币国际化的利与弊

由于中国在世界经济舞台上的影响力日益显著,人民币国际化这一问题也备受学术界的关注。本文在前人成果的基础上,对人民币国际化的收益和成本进行了更详细的探究,期望人民币在国际化过程中能获得最大收益,付出最小成本。     

浅谈人民币国际化的成本——收益问题

近年来,中国经济的高速增长,整体经济实力的增强,国际贸易份额的不断加大和世界第一的国际储备使得我国周边国家和地区居民逐渐认可和接受人民币作为交易货币和结算手段,大量人民币在境外流通,人民币国际化趋势逐渐显露。本文系统的分析了人民币国际化的收益与成本,分析表明,人民币国际化是我们必然的目标选择,但应审慎推进人民币国际化进程。     

人民币国际化理论与实践的认识及思考

本文分析了短期内人民币国际化的成本和收益,以及人民币国际化渠道所面临的约束;由于我国虚拟经济体系还未真正建立,盲目推进国际化的成本将十分高昂。人民币目前国际化的时机还不够成熟。最后讨论了未来人民币国际化所需营造的内部基础条件和选择的路径。     

人民币国际化发展与中资商业银行战略机遇

币国际化可以理解为一种货币的流通范围超出其法定流通区域，在更大的区域或世界范围内行使交易媒介、价值尺度、贮藏手段职能的过程。货币国际化的重要收益是铸币税，但同时也要付出一定的成本。美元和日元分别是本币国际化发展模式中成功和失败的典型案例。国际货币体系在金融危机之后发生重要变化，人民币国际化内外部机遇与挑战并存，人民币国...     

人民币国际化之路有多长

在全球金融体系的演变中．人民币国际化不仅有利干国际货币体系多极化发展，也意味着中国在世界经济舞台上可以通过制定国际金融规则来体现国家长远利益和经济目标，并从中获得相应的制度性收益。但人民币国际化是一把双刃剑．成本与收益的对比有可能成为中国政府确定人民币国际化战略的重要参考。     

人民币国际化制约因素与策略措施——人民币国际化应重点研究的问题

人民币国际化问题随其自然进程的开始而日益引起人们的关注,推进人民币国际化为大多数研究者之共识。根据货币国际化条件而形成的几个主要研究领域,在人民币国际化的国际货币体系及国际货币竞争背景、国别经验、收益与成本、必要性等方面已基本达成共识,且取得了显著的研究成果;而在人民币国际化制约因素和路径选择方面还存在争议,且处于一般性理论探讨水平。因此,应与时俱进,适时把人民币国际化问题的研究重心转移到人民币国际化制约因素和路径选择的策略和措施方面的深入而细化的研究上来。     

从拉丁美洲美元化看人民币区域化的经济效应

货币的区域化是一种权利与义务的国际化,无论是对于货币发行国还是货币替代国,都是一把“双刃剑”，在带来收益的同时必然也会产生相应的成本。本文首先阐述了货币区域化的成本———收益理论,接着通过分析美元化对拉丁美洲国家及美国的经济影响,深入比较人民币区域化后我国的成本与收益,得出我国应逐步稳妥推进人民币区域化,最终实现人民币国际化的结论。     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.