上海证券交易所大宗交易价格的实证研究

本文主要以上海证券交易所2003年～2013上半年的大宗交易平台数据为主,对上海证券交易所大宗交易的交易价格进行实证分析。分析大宗交易的交易价格是存在显著性的折价交易,同时应用计量模型对影响大宗交易折价交易的因素进行分析。     

上海证券交易所大宗交易价格的实证研究

本文主要以上海证券交易所2003年～2013上半年的大宗交易平台数据为主,对上海证券交易所大宗交易的交易价格进行实证分析。分析大宗交易的交易价格是存在显著性的折价交易,同时应用计量模型对影响大宗交易折价交易的因素进行分析。     

订单簿透明度对市场质量影响的实证研究

本文主要以行情揭示三档变五档的透明度变化事件来实证订单簿信息透明度对市场质量和订单行为的影响。结果发现,信息透明度提高之后,市场质量得到改善:一是市场流动性显著提高,二是市场波动性显著降低。其机理是透明度提高吸引了投机性投资者及流动性需求者提交订单,市场流动性得以提高,并降低了市场波动性,但是价格发现效率受到轻微影响。此外,研究还发现:(1)机构投资者下单数量和撤单数量减少,但是订单规模变大,表明其合并了小订单代之以大订单。(2)买单和卖单占比、订单久期、订单不平衡程度没有显著变化,但机构投资者撤单比例降低。     

政府债券市场流动性研究

政府债务管理的关键是建立具有高流动性的二级市场。影响政府债券市场流动性的因素包括产品设计、市场结构、交易机制、信息披露和税收等问题。提高市场流动性的途径包括交易的竞争性结构，将税收对流动性的负面影响最小化，提高交易信息的透明度，标准化交易和清算操作，市场参与者的多元化，确定核心资产，满足基准债的市场需求，完善回购市场和衍生工具市场的功能，培育机构投资者，充分的市场监管等。     

新三板市场交易机制与流动性研究北大核心

流动性问题是制约新三板市场发展的重要因素,而流动性不足是各种市场因素和制度因素共同作用的结果,其中交易制度是重要原因。在梳理新三板市场流动性特征的基础上,本文对交易机制与流动性关系进行实证分析后发现:在做市商制度推出之后,新三板市场的流动性短期内得到改善;创新层进行"大换血"后,新进入创新层的公司流动性更好;在做市转让方式下,投资者人数的增加可较为明显地改善流动性,而在协议转让方式下,投资者人数的增加未能明显改善流动性。在充分考虑现实情况与借鉴国外经验的基础上,本文分别从做市商制度、大宗交易及分层制度三个角度提出了做市商制度引入竞争和竞价制度、大宗交易以及分层差异化三种交易机制优化设计方案,以提高新三板市场的流动性,更好地发挥新三板市场在丰富我国多层次资本市场中的重要作用。     

交易制度变更的流动性效应——来自中国股票市场的经验证据

股票交易制度变更的初衷是为了更好实现其基本目标,即市场的流动性、透明性、有效性和市场价格的稳定性及交易的低成本。本文对中国股票市场相关交易制度的变更进行梳理,并利用事件研究法实证分析交易制度变更对市场流动性水平的影响,实证结果表明,中国股票市场交易制度变更显著影响市场流动性水平,宽松的交易制度有助于降低投资者的交易成本,从而有利于提高整个市场的流动性水平。     

中美农产品期货市场流动性比较研究

在梳理已有的关于期货市场流动性研究的基础上,通过对中美农产品期货市场流动性格局、换手率及期货与现货市场规模等比较分析,本文发现我国农产品期货存在以下特点:(1)中期月份合约活跃、且活跃月份不连续;(2)换手率高、且波动性大;(3)期货成交量(或持仓量)与现货规模比基本上远远低于美国同一品种。本文提出针对性建议:(1)应着重引进和培育机构投资者(尤其买方机构投资者和产业客户),改进和完善投资者结构;(2)应创新交易工具和交易方式,引导投资者交易行为由短线交易向中长线交易转变,改进和完善持仓结构;(3)应在有效防范风险前提下,完善梯度风险控制等相关制度,促进活跃月份向近月转移,形成连续月份活跃。     

银行间债券市场现券流动性研究

流动性是交易的基本需要。本文以银行间做市商的买卖价差为流动性指标,利用债券交易高频数据,对国债、金融债和企业债市场的周内变化特征和现券流动性影响因素做实证研究。发现:各市场流动性在周内不同交易日差别不大,无周内效应;各类债券既有各自的影响因素,又共同受到价格风险和发行规模的影响,但由于投资者偏好和债券属性等原因,因素的作用方向不同;剔除因素影响后,不同债券的现券买卖价差无显著差异,表明分析中对于影响做市商做市的风险因素考虑较为充分,且做市商行为符合存货模型。     

资本市场制度型开放与流动性共性效应——兼论气候风险的影响

个股流动性与市场其他股票流动性之间存在共性运动，是引发系统性流动性风险的重要来源。本文以“个股—市场”联动层面的流动性共性为切入点，研究资本市场制度型开放对系统性流动性风险的差异化影响和叠加效应，并考察气候风险的影响。结果显示：资本市场制度型开放从总体上降低了流动性共性，但A股纳入MSCI指数的政策效应弱于沪深港通，未出现政策叠加效应；机构投资者关联交易作用渠道差异以及放宽跨境资本限额的外生制度安排，是造成政策效应显著弱化的主因；纳入气候风险的进一步研究发现，物理风险和转型风险影响显著弱化了境外机构投资者的稳定市场作用。     

银行间债券市场现券流动性研究

流动性是交易的基本需要.本文以银行间做市商的买卖价差为流动性指标.利用债券交易高频数据,对围债、金融债和企业债市场的周内变化特征和现券流动性影响因素做实证研究.发现:各市场流动性在周内不同交易日差别不大,无周内效应;各类债券既有各自的影响因素,又共同受到价格风险和发行规模的影响,但由于投资者偏好和债券属性等原因,因素的作用方向不同;剔除因素影响后,不同债券的现券买卖价差无显著差异,表明分析中对于影响做市商做市的风险因素考虑较为充分,且做市商行为符合存货模型.     

Does the investment horizon of institutional investors matter for stock liquidity?

This paper examines the role of the investment horizon of institutional investors on stock liquidity of firms. We show that an increase in long-term institutional ownership is negatively associated with firm liquidity, while an increase in short-term ownership is positively related to a firm's stock liquidity. We identify the ownership-liquidity relationship by examining two major channels: the trading activity channel and the informational friction channel. Long-term investors reduce stock liquidity through low frequency trading and access to value-enhancing and private information, which induces adverse selection bias. In contrast, short-term investors improve liquidity through trading activity and competition with other investors, which lowers transaction costs. Our findings further suggest that the effects of an increase in long-term (short-term) institutional investors on liquidity weaken (strengthen) when a firm has more publicly available information. Finally, we show that the positive impact of an increase in long-term ownership on valuation is more pronounced for firms with higher liquidity and the valuation effect is persistent.     

Investor heterogeneity,trading account types and competing liquidity channels for Malaysian stocks

This paper examines the relationship between various investor groups and stock liquidity for Malaysian public listed firms over the 2002–2009 sample period. Using the Amihud illiquidity ratio, we extend the literature by addressing the issues of investor heterogeneity, trading account types and the interactions of competing liquidity channels. The analysis reveals that only local institutions and local individual investors who trade through the direct accounts are significantly associated with the liquidity of domestic firms. In contrast, the significant liquidity effect for foreign investors operates through the nominee accounts. While institutional ownership exhibits a linear negative relationship, our findings on local individuals and foreign nominees differ greatly from previous studies in that their relationship with stock liquidity is non-monotonic. Apart from the widely-researched information asymmetry and trading effects, we find that liquidity is also driven by the largely ignored information competition channel. An important insight from our findings is that the large shareholdings by any particular investor group is detrimental to stock liquidity as they exacerbate information asymmetry, reduce the degree of competition and lower the level of trading activity.     

Price limit performance: New evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China's ChiNext market

This study examines the impact of daily price limits on market performance and trading activity by using a quasi-natural experiment in China. It focuses on the case of the ChiNext market, where the daily price limits of stocks increased from 10% to 20% in 2020. The results show that, initially, the stock prices and occurrences of 10% price limit hits increase, but then decline after the new price limits have been implemented. The level of trading liquidity and volatility increases significantly, with a greater impact on the short term than the long term. These price limit performances are more pronounced for stocks with additional retail interest. The analysis of detailed trading data reveals that institutional investors initially purchase ChiNext stocks in large quantities, followed by retail investors who purchase smaller quantities. In the long run, institutional investors tend to increase their holdings, while retail investors tend to sell their holdings. Additionally, there is a temporary increase in investor attention, price synchronicity, and stock risks, followed by a decline. The findings suggest that wider price limits increase trading volumes and enhance long-term market efficiency, but encourage immediate price manipulation, causing short-term overreactions and long-term reversals. This study provides valuable insights for building an effective price limit system.     

Systematic noise

We analyze trading records for 66,465 households at a large discount broker and 665,533 investors at a large retail broker to document that the trading of individuals is highly correlated and persistent. This systematic trading of individual investors is not primarily driven by passive reactions to institutional herding, by systematic changes in risk-aversion, or by taxes. Psychological biases likely contribute to the correlated trading of individuals. These biases lead investors to systematically buy stocks with strong recent performance, to refrain from selling stocks held for a loss, and to be net buyers of stocks with unusually high trading volume.     

Trading patterns of big versus small players in an emerging market: An empirical analysis

This study uses a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model to examine interdependencies among institutional investors, big individual investors, and small individual investors, and the effects of their trading on stock returns on the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSE). The results imply that, during the sample period, big individual investors are the most well informed players; their trading affects not only stock returns but also small individual investors. Small individual investors are not well informed and are slow learners. Their orders to trade tend to provide liquidity to institutional and big individual investors, but there is no compensation for their liquidity services. We find that institutional investors follow neither positive-feedback nor negative-feedback trading strategies. Overall, the responses to shocks, except for those of small individual investors, decay quickly, indicating that the TSE can absorb shocks quickly and efficiently. Our analysis implies that small individual investors would be better off institutionalizing their investment decisions (e.g., by investing in mutual funds).     

The information content of stock splits

This study examines whether stock splits contain information content about future operating performance or whether splits are undertaken by firms to realign their share prices and to improve trading liquidity. In the four years following split announcements, splitting firms do not experience improved operating performance relative to non-splitting firms. Furthermore, stock split signals are not related to future profitability. The positive announcement effect can be explained by lower share prices and improved market liquidity following stock splits but not by split signals and post-split operating performance. Our results show very little evidence that stock splits signal improvement in long-run operating performance and are more consistent with the trading range/liquidity hypothesis.     

The Impact of Regulation Fair Disclosure on Information Asymmetry and Trading: An Intraday Analysis

This study examines the impact of Regulation Fair Disclosure (FD) on liquidity, information asymmetry, and institutional and retail investors trading behavior. Our main findings suggest three conclusions. First, Regulation FD has been effective in improving liquidity and in decreasing the level of information asymmetry. Second, retail trading activity increases dramatically after earnings announcements but there is a significant decline in institutional trading surrounding earnings announcements, particularly in the pre‐announcement period. Last, the decline in information asymmetry around earnings announcements is closely associated with a lower participation rate in the pre‐announcement period and more active trading of retail investors after earnings releases.     

Does stock exchange consolidation improve market liquidity? A study of stock exchange acquisition in Russia

The last couple of decades have witnessed significant institutional and structural changes in financial sector within a worldwide trend toward consolidation. In the segment of organized trading stock exchanges merge and develop into large and diversified publicly traded companies. These processes are rather complicated in case of a transition economy like Russia. In December 2011 MICEX, the first largest and state-controlled stock exchange acquired RTS, the second largest and privately owned stock exchange primarily designed for foreign investors. We empirically investigate whether the acquisition resulted in improved liquidity of the Russian stock market which was one of the declared acquisition objectives. We use the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and the Wilcoxon tests to compare market-wide liquidity in several discrete periods pre and post acquisition. A deep and thorough insight into liquidity performance is ensured by assessing liquidity from limit order book data of tick frequency along three dimensions (tightness, immediacy, and elasticity).     

The role of institutional investors in seasoned equity offerings

Do institutional investors possess private information about seasoned equity offerings (SEOs)? If so, do they use this private information to trade in a direction opposite to this information (a manipulative trading role) or in the same direction (an information production role)? We use a large sample of transaction-level institutional trading data to distinguish between these two roles of institutional investors. We explicitly identify institutional SEO allocations for the first time in the literature. We analyze the consequences of the private information possessed by institutional investors for SEO share allocation, institutional trading before and after the SEO and realized trading profitability, and the SEO discount. We find that institutions are able to identify and obtain more allocations in SEOs with better long-run stock returns, they trade in the same direction as their private information, and their post-SEO trading significantly outperforms a naive buy-and-hold trading strategy. Further, more pre-offer institutional net buying and larger institutional SEO allocations are associated with a smaller SEO discount. Overall, our results are consistent with institutions possessing private information about SEOs and with an information production instead of a manipulative trading role for institutional investors in SEOs.     

Information costs and liquidity effects from changes in the FTSE 100 list

Abstract

In this paper we examine the stock price effect of changes in the composition of the FTSE 100 over the time period of 1984–2001. Like the S&P 500 listing studies, we find that the price and trading volume of newly listed firms increases. The evidence is consistent with the information cost/liquidity explanation. This is because investors hold stocks with more available information, implying that they have lower trading costs. This explains the increase in the stock price and trading volume of newly listed stocks to the FTSE 100 List. We find the reverse effect for the deletions from the FTSE 100.