我国菲利普斯曲线的非线性与体制转移特征分析

运用非线性模型研究我国菲利普斯曲线的非线性和体制转移动态特征。实证研究表明,我国产出与通胀关系在1990—2011年的样本期内不存在显著的凸或凹的非线性特征,而MSIAH(M)-ARX(1)模型估计结果表明,我国菲利普斯曲线具有显著的机制转移特征,在不同的经济周期阶段下,我国的通胀与产出缺口间具有不同的关系,其中在经济处于温和通胀状态下,我国菲利普斯曲线关系在统计上较显著,可作为管理央行货币政策的参考。     

我国产出缺口估计及其对通货膨胀预测——两种半结构方法的比较

分析Kalman滤波和多变量HP滤波的原理,以及两者之间的内在逻辑联系。以附加预期的菲利普斯曲线为理论基础,利用Kalman滤波和多变量HP滤波方法估计我国1995年第1季度至2012年第2季度的潜在产出和产出缺口,估计结果表明各产出缺口基本上与我国经济运行状况相吻合。利用Coe和McDermot(t1997)预测模型和VAR模型检验表明产出缺口能够很好地预测通货膨胀率,尤其是Kalman滤波估计的产出缺口预测效果更好。因此产出缺口对于货币当局的政策分析具有十分重要的意义。     

货币因素、供给冲击与中国通胀动态特征

本文将以货币供应量和汇率为代表的货币因素、供给因素以及需求因素引入菲利普斯曲线建立了新凯恩斯混合菲利普斯曲线,并利用1995年第1季度～2013年第2季度的数据来实证分析不同因素对于我国通货膨胀动态衍化的影响。研究表明：前瞻性预期与通货膨胀惯性对于我国通货膨胀的影响同时存在,但是前瞻性预期对于我国通货膨胀的影响较大;其次,货币供应量变动对于我国通货膨胀率影响具有最重要的作用,而代表需求因素的产出缺口以及代表供给冲击的原油价格对于我国通货膨胀的影响很小;最后,人民币实际汇率升值对通货膨胀可以产生一定的抑制作用,但作用不大。     

中国经济波动的产出和通胀效应 ——基于供求冲击相关的SVAR模型分析

本文结合产出缺口-通胀形式的菲利普斯曲线（AS曲线）,构建了产出缺口和通 胀率的SVAR模型,并将识别结果同B-Q约束条件下的识别结果进行比较,以此来探究我国近 三十多年来宏观经济系统中需求冲击和供给冲击对产出和通胀动态的效应。主要得出以下结 论：第一,供求冲击之间高度相关;第二,需求冲击是我国通胀波动的决定性因素,并且存在 持久稳定的效应。第三,供给冲击是我国经济增长的绝对主导力量。第四,我国存在相对陡峭 的菲利普斯曲线（AS曲线）。第五,产出缺口与同比CPI对我国经济状况的拟合效果最好。     

关于我国通胀预期和动态通胀机制的研究

本文基于混合新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线、采用状态空间研究方法,分析了我国通货膨胀的动态特征、影响因素和未来趋势.主要结论为:我国通货膨胀具有显著的动态性,理性预期、适应性预期及产出缺口均是现实通胀的有效驱动因素.2011年第四季度通胀压力依然较大,且明年上半年物价在相对高位运行.     

全球产出缺口与中国的通胀变动:基于扩展的菲利普斯曲线研究

本文在考察全球产出缺口与国内通胀变动关系的基础上,应用扩展的菲利普斯曲线模型,对影响我国通胀变动的国内外因素进行了经验研究,验证"全球产出缺口假说"在中国的适用性。计量结果表明,国内产出缺口、通货预期、原油价格和食品价格都是影响国内通胀变动的主要因素,贸易加权、进口加权、产出加权的全球产出缺口对国内通胀变动具有正向影响,但影响程度还没有国内产出缺口高。对待全球化背景下中国的通胀变动,不仅要分析国内宏观经济均衡与波动周期,更要关注国际市场的外部冲击。     

基于产出缺口的中国菲利普斯曲线再分析——分位数回归的角度

本文基于1993年到2012年的季度数据,通过分位数回归分析了基于产出缺口的中国菲利普斯曲线特征。结果表明:中国存在依赖于通胀率分位点的菲利普斯曲线,本期的通胀率越高,意味着来自前期的通胀影响越明显;产出缺口对通胀率影响的程度有不对称性,在通胀率的较低分位点显著,而在高分位点不明显;通胀率和产出缺口的关系不仅依赖于前者的分位点,还和后者的正负密切相关。     

中国通货膨胀对全球产出缺口的敏感性研究 ——基于经济政策不确定视角

基于附加预期的菲利普斯曲线,研究了我国和全球经济政策不确定性在改变我国通货膨胀(以下简称"通胀")对国际因素敏感性方面的作用.研究发现:(1)相比于全球产出缺口,我国产出缺口对国内通胀的影响较大;动态分析显示,全球产出缺口对我国通胀的影响呈现下降趋势,而国内产出缺口的影响较为稳定;(2)我国或全球的经济政策不确定性不会显著改变我国通胀对全球产出缺口的敏感性,但二者协同程度的高低会负向影响我国通胀对全球产出缺口的敏感性.建议科学研判国际因素的外溢性和国内外经济形势的协同性,保持政策定力,注重引导市场预期,维持物价基本稳定,以支持经济高质量发展.     

我国产出、通货膨胀关系的实证研究——基于卢卡斯不完善模型的菲利普斯曲线

产出和通货膨胀一直是宏观经济学的主要课题之一,自菲利普斯曲线提出以来,关于产出和通胀的研究一直在进行,本文从卢卡斯不完善模型出发,选取2000-2010年的季度数据进行检验,认为产出和通胀不存在明显关系,并对经验数据和模型的不匹配给出了一些解释。     

中国宏观经济波动的隐性通货膨胀目标分析

本文利用新凯恩斯宏观经济模型对我国隐性通货膨胀目标、潜在产出和自然利率进行联合估计,并根据估计结果对我国宏观经济波动进行分析。研究结果表明,我国通货膨胀缺口可以度量我国的实际通货膨胀压力,我国的实际通货膨胀率整体上与隐性通货膨胀目标较为一致,经济政策对通货膨胀的调控具有有效性;隐性通货膨胀目标与宏观经济波动之间密切相关,通货膨胀缺口与产出缺口、实际利率缺口具有显著的动态影响关系。因此,应该充分发挥隐性通货膨胀目标在通货膨胀风险识别和预警方面的作用,提高其政策应用价值。     

Monetary Pressures and Inflation Dynamics in Turkey: Evidence from P-Star Model

This paper uses the P-star model to explain inflation dynamics in Turkey. In P-star models, money determines the price gap, which is postulated to measure the pressure on prices in an economy. This pressure emerges when output is above the potential, the interest rate is lower than the natural rate, or there is pure excess money in the economy. The estimation results with the Turkish data show that the price gap contains considerable information for explaining inflation dynamics. Moreover, the model selection criterion that compares the empirical performance of the P-star model with the new classical Phillips curve relation favors the P-star model over the Phillips curve relationship. We conclude that money is efficacious in predicting risk in price stability in Turkey.     

Notes on the Underground: Monetary Policy in Resource‐Rich Economies

The central bank of a commodity‐exporting small open economy faces the traditional trade‐off between domestic inflation and output gap. The commodity sector introduces a terms‐of‐trade inefficiency that gives rise to an endogenous cost‐push shock, changes the target level for output, reduces the slope of the Phillips curve, and increases the importance of stabilizing the output gap. Optimal monetary policy calls for a reduction of the interest rate following a drop in the oil price. In contrast, a central bank with a mandate to stabilize consumer price inflation raises interest rates to limit the inflationary impact of an exchange rate depreciation.     

Money and inflation in the euro area: A case for monetary indicators?

This paper examines inflation indicators for the euro area by studying the relationship between inflation, output, money and interest rates, using data spanning 1980–2001. The central finding is that both the output gap and the real money gap (the difference between the real money stock and the long-run equilibrium real money stock) contain considerable information regarding future inflation. In contrast, the Eurosystem's money-growth indicator (the difference between nominal money growth and a reference value), the prominent “first pillar” in its monetary strategy, contains little information about future inflation, and no information beyond that contained in the output and real money gaps. The predictive performance of the output gap has improved compared to that in a previous version of this paper, most likely because of better estimation methods.     

New measures of the output gap based on the forward-looking new Keynesian Phillips curve

Forward-looking versions of the New Keynesian Phillips curve imply that the output gap, the deviation of the actual output from its natural level due to nominal rigidities, drives the dynamics of inflation relative to expected inflation. We exploit this to set up a bivariate unobserved component model for extracting new estimates of the output gap in the US. The gap estimates are large and persistent even after allowing for correlated trend and cycle shock. We then augment our model to use the information in the unemployment rate. The estimates confirm the presence of a large and persistent cyclical component.     

A Historical Analysis of the Taylor Curve

Taylor (1979) shows that there is a permanent trade‐off between the volatilities of the output gap and inflation. Although a number of papers argue that the so‐called Taylor curve is a policy menu, we use it as an efficiency locus to gauge the appropriateness of monetary policy. We examine the efficiency of U.S. monetary policy from 1875 onward by measuring the orthogonal distance between the observed volatilities of the output gap and inflation from the Taylor curve. We also identify time periods in which the variability of the U.S. economy changed by observing shifts in this efficiency frontier.     

Regulation and the Neo-Wicksellian Approach to Monetary Policy

Laubach and Williams (2003) employ a Kalman filter approach to jointly estimate the neutral real federal funds rate and trend output growth using an IS relationship and an output-gap-based inflation equation. They find a positive link between these two variables, but also much error surrounding neutral real rate estimates. We modify their approach by including variables for regulations on deposit interest rates and on wages and prices. These variables are statistically significant and notably affect estimates of two policy-relevant coefficients: the sensitivity of output to the real interest rate and that of inflation to the output gap.     

The Real‐Time Properties of the Bank of Canada's Staff Output Gap Estimates

We study the revision properties of the Bank of Canada's staff output gap estimates since the mid‐1980s and show that the average revision has been significantly smaller since the early 2000s. Alternatively, revisions from econometric output gap estimates have not experienced a similar improvement. We show that the overestimation of potential output in real time following the 1991–92 recession explains the large revisions in the first half of the sample. Although Phillips‐curve inflation forecasts slightly worsen when conditioned on real time instead of final gaps, their relative poor performance reflects the general lack of inflation predictability rather than real‐time gap measurement issues.     

Determination of inflation in an open economy Phillips curve framework: the case of developed and developing Asian countries

This paper investigates the determination of inflation in the framework of an open economy forward-looking as well as conventional backward-looking Phillips curve for eight Asian countries – Japan, Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, Philippines, Thailand, China Mainland and India. Using quarterly data from the 1990s to 2005 and applying the instrumental variables estimation technique, we find that the output gap is significant in explaining the inflation rate in almost all the countries. Furthermore, at least one measure of international competitiveness has a statistically significant influence on inflation in all the countries. The differences in the developed and developing world are highlighted by the significance of agriculture related supply shocks in determining inflation in the case of developing countries. For all countries, the forward-looking Phillips curve provides a better fit compared to the backward-looking variant.