家庭债务、房产价格对经济增长的影响

本文运用VECM模型，研究家庭债务、房产价格对经济增长的影响。研究表明：家庭债务与经济增长之间长期内存在正相关关系，房产价格与经济增长之间存在负相关关系；在短期内，家庭债务和房产价格的上升都能够推动经济增长。相对于房地产价格，家庭债务对于宏观经济的影响更大。政府应当坚持“房住不炒”的政策定位，在保持家庭债务合理增长的同时，建立健全家庭债务风险预警和防范机制，以保障经济平稳增长。     

关系型借贷视角下购房融资方式与家庭创业行为——基于2017年中国家庭金融调查的实证研究

本文利用2017年中国家庭金融调查数据深入考察购房融资方式对家庭创业行为的影响。研究结果显示,相较于民间借贷购房的家庭,按揭贷款购房的家庭参与创业活动的可能性更高,且更倾向于主动创业。进一步机制分析发现,相较于民间借贷购房,按揭贷款购房能够降低家庭的流动性约束,缓解家庭的资金压力,从而促进创业。同时,按揭贷款购房能使家庭获得充足的贷款额度与较长的贷款期限,进而有助于家庭创业。而且在偿还按揭贷款的过程中,家庭能与银行建立长期良好的信贷关系,从而有助于提高家庭获得正规信贷的可能性,促进家庭创业。为了积极推进创业创新的战略部署,应进一步健全银行信贷体系,发展和完善住房金融制度,从而有利于缓解小微企业融资难、融资贵的问题,释放和激发家庭创业活力。     

异质金融中介、资产价格与宏观经济波动

通过构建DSGE模型,探讨包含影子银行在内的金融中介机构、资产价格和宏观经济波动之间的内在联系,以及金融中介机构自身净值变化通过资产价格和杠杆率向实体经济传播的机制.结果表明:增加金融中介净值比直接放松信贷约束对宏观经济的冲击作用更大,引入影子银行后的双中介模型对金融部门和宏观经济变量形成放大效应,对影子银行监管的严格程度也会对金融经济变量产生不同影响.因此,决策者需在限制影子银行规模、维持金融稳定和放宽对影子银行监管、促进经济增长之间进行权衡.     

宏观经济与货币政策对商业银行不良贷款率的影响

我国商业银行的不良贷款率随着宏观经济的波动而发生变化,但在经济形势发生变化的同时,国家会采用货币政策进行宏观调控.因此,不良贷款率同时受宏观经济与货币政策的双重影响.本文利用结合Johanse协整检验和VECM模型,得出了商业银行不良贷款率与GDP增长率、M 2增长率之间存在短期影响关系以及长期均衡稳定关系.即在短期内,经济增长的越快,不良贷款率越低,但是在长期内不良贷款率与经济增长呈正向相关关系;在短期内,宽松的货币政策也会使的不良贷款率增加,但是随着滞后时期的延长作用效果越来越弱.     

关系资本、嵌入性与农户借贷——基于新疆田野调查数据

本文在关系理论视角下,基于新疆省少数民族地区农村入户调查数据,分析了家庭关系资本、宗教关系资本、银行关系资本与农户贷款可得性之间关系的内在机理及其影响因素。研究结果表明:新疆少数民族农户贷款更多依赖于家庭关系网络的维护,尤其是关系质量对其非正式借贷获得性帮助更大。银行关系资本对农户获得贷款具有显著的正向影响,表明农户较好的银行关系对农户获得正规贷款有积极作用。此外,家庭经济决策、农户技能水平、文化程度等特征变量也显著影响其贷款可得性,说明其帮助农民获得更多借贷机会、更大的借贷额度并降低借贷风险。本文研究对于理解文化同质性下的关系资本在民族地区农村信贷配置的作用,且对进一步拓展民族地区农村信贷市场体制改革路径,具有积极的理论指导和实践价值。     

美国家庭债务是否达到承受极限?

尽管目前家庭资产负债还在可容忍范围内,但缓慢的收入增长、较低的预期收入以及不能就业的大学生人数与学生贷款规模同时增长,这些趋势可能推动美国家庭达到债务极限。为减少家庭债务承受极限的风险,除完善金融监管之外,还需要改革抵押贷款融资、严格监管学生贷款、改善家庭债务管理方法并加强经济金融数据披露。     

我国家庭金融债务风险研究——基于微观家庭数据的实证分析

次贷危机带来的警示是即使占比不大的高负债家庭出现问题,也可能对宏观经济产生巨大的蝴蝶效应.近年来我国消费信贷市场快速发展,家庭金融债务急剧增长.为评估我国家庭金融债务风险,本文尝试通过抽取微观样本数据构造伪面板数据组成的时间序列来估计家庭金融债务增长的动态路径,并运用家庭债务与收入比(DSR)这一概念来反映家庭债务水平与金融债务增长变化因素之间的内在联系.     

湖南经济增长与消费、投资、出口的长期均衡和短期波动关系

利用协整技术分析了湖南消费、投资、出口与经济增长的长期均衡与短期动态关系.在协整检验的基础上,建立了各变量之间的长期均衡关系模型.并通过自回归模型和误差修正模型,对各变量之间的长期和短期因果关系进行了Granger检验.研究结果表明,投资与湖南经济增长之间存在显著的长短期因果关系,因此保持投资的持续稳定增长是湖南经济增长的最重要的宏观经济政策.     

宏观经济波动对股票市场的影响分析——基于协整分析与误差修正模型

在有效市场前提下,宏观经济波动对股票市场的冲击会反映在股票价格的变化上,为了研究两者的具体关系,选取2000~2016年上证综合指数与宏观经济相关变量的时间序列数据,运用单位根检验、协整检验以及构造协整方程、误差修正模型的方法对宏观经济波动对股票市场的冲击进行实证分析,结果表明,股票市场反映宏观经济波动的预期并不一致,宏观经济波动与股票市场波动出现了明显的背离,而且短期各个宏观经济变量对股票市场波动的影响大小和显著程度与长期的并不一致,研究结果表明在短期宏观经济变量对股票市场波动的冲击较大。     

生存分析、宏观经济变量与违约概率

在研究个人贷款违约风险中,传统的研究往往只单纯地将宏观经济指标作为协变量,并未考虑宏观经济指标的时变交互特征(vandell,1993;Zandi,1998)。国外研究达成共识的是以Logistic回归的传统模型不能给出违约概率的动态预测值,且反映经济形势的宏观经济变量也不能纳入模型中。论文论述了生存分析与Logistic模型的理论机理,试图在借贷违约风险中加入系统性风险对违约的影响因素,克服了以Logistic回归模型为代表的传统模型在度量信贷违约概率时仅考虑个体非系统性风险的局限。研究结论说明宏观经济变量确实对违约风险有影响,对网贷违约风险来说,Cox模型更优于Logistic函数。     

我国居民杠杆率现状及影响因素研究

近年来,我国居民部门杠杆率的快速上升引起社会各界关注。本文使用货币信贷和城镇储户调查数据,对我国居民部门杠杆率和偿债能力现状进行了分析,并运用各省住户贷款数据计算各省的居民杠杆率,使用面板数据模型对居民杠杆率上升的原因进行了实证分析。结果表明,房价的快速上涨和住房销售的增长都对居民部门杠杆率的上升有显著正向影响,其中房价上涨的影响程度更大。此外,金融发展水平和老年人抚养比对居民杠杆率有正向影响,少年人抚养比对居民杠杆率有负向影响。     

我国居民杠杆率现状及影响因素研究

近年来,我国居民部门杠杆率的快速上升引起社会各界关注。本文使用货币信贷和城镇储户调查数据,对我国居民部门杠杆率和偿债能力现状进行了分析,并运用各省住户贷款数据计算各省的居民杠杆率,使用面板数据模型对居民杠杆率上升的原因进行了实证分析。结果表明,房价的快速上涨和住房销售的增长都对居民部门杠杆率的上升有显著正向影响,其中房价上涨的影响程度更大。此外,金融发展水平和老年人抚养比对居民杠杆率有正向影响,少年人抚养比对居民杠杆率有负向影响。     

家庭债务与居民消费：一个文献综述

近年来我国家庭杠杆率快速上升,家庭债务与居民消费关系引发热议,相关文献 反映出：（1）家庭适度负债能促进消费增长;（2）家庭杠杆率上升存在临界值;（3）快速加 杠杆是主要风险来源;（4）识别家庭债务异质性可以缓解信贷约束。目前我国家庭杠杆率依 然处于合理区间,但需重视快速加杠杆带来的风险隐患。为保持居民消费平稳增长,本文提出 从供给侧优化金融条件,从需求侧约束快速加杠杆行为,并发挥减税的收入调节作用等建议。     

The Debt‐Payment‐to‐Income Ratio as an Indicator of Borrowing Constraints: Evidence from Two Household Surveys

Liquidity constraints have been proposed as an important explanation for deviations from the rational expectations/permanent income hypothesis. This paper introduces to the liquidity constraint literature the ratio of a household's debt payments to its disposable personal income, the debt service ratio (DSR). We find that a household with a high DSR is significantly more likely to be turned down for credit than other households. Also, the consumption growth of likely constrained households, identified using the DSR along with the liquid‐asset‐to‐income ratio, is significantly more sensitive to past income than that of other households, confirming the DSR's value in identifying constrained households.     

Optimal Debt and Profitability in the Trade‐Off Theory

I develop a dynamic model of leverage with tax deductible interest and an endogenous cost of default. The interest rate includes a premium to compensate lenders for expected losses in default. A borrowing constraint is generated by lenders' unwillingness to lend an amount that would trigger immediate default. When the borrowing constraint is not binding, the trade‐off theory of debt holds: optimal debt equates the marginal interest tax shield and the marginal expected cost of default. Contrary to conventional interpretation, but consistent with empirical findings, increases in current or future profitability reduce the optimal leverage ratio when the trade‐off theory holds.     

House prices,consumption and the role of non-Mortgage debt

This paper evaluates the strength of the relationship between house prices and consumption, through the use of debt. Whereas the existing literature has largely studied the effects of house prices on homeowner total or mortgage debt, we focus on the non-mortgage component of household borrowing, using Canadian household-level data for 1999–2007. We rely on variation in regional house prices, homeownership status and age to establish the relationship between house prices and non-mortgage debt. Then, using direct information on debt uses, we determine that house price growth was associated with a non-trivial fraction of concurrent aggregate non-housing consumption growth.     

Asset tangibility and capital allocation

Firms comprise divisions that often differ with respect to the degree of asset tangibility. As the strength of borrowing constraints depends on the liquidation value of assets, these firms influence their debt capacity by allocating funds across divisions. We argue that a company whose capital allocation is not verifiable suffers from a dynamic inconsistency problem, as it tends to allocate resources in favor of divisions with fewer tangible assets, leading to a tight borrowing constraint. When capital allocation is verifiable, committing to invest only little there eases this constraint, although it implies a deviation from a return maximizing allocation.     

Foreign debt supply in an imperfect international capital market: Theory and evidence

We investigate the determinants of foreign borrowing costs in a stochastically growing economy. We find that these increase with the debt-wealth ratio, depending also upon the volatilities of domestic and foreign origin, and the length of debt contract. In addition, the sensitivity of the short-term debt supply to the debt-wealth ratio exceeds that of long-term debt, and the effects of volatility on the borrowing premium, growth of wealth, and its volatility, depend on the relative size of a direct effect and a secondary portfolio-adjustment effect of the initial shock, as well as the length of the debt contract. Panel regressions suggest that the empirical evidence generally support the theoretical predictions.     

Tax Reform and the Demand for Debt

This article examines the impact on household borrowing from a tax reform that implied a change from progressive to constant marginal tax rates on interest deductions. We use three alternative empirical methods to address the problem of endogenous explanatory variables, which arises when the marginal tax rate itself is a function of the amount of debt: The first approach uses instrumental variables to examine the significance of the marginal tax rate directly and produces mixed results. In the second approach we use tobit regressions based on repeated cross-sectional data to examine the correspondence between debt and income and find that the households' amount of debt were strongly and positively related to income before the tax reform and significantly more income-dependent under progressive tax rates than under the constant tax rate. Finally, using panel data covering the last year prior to the reform and the first year after, we find that the change in a household's marginal tax rate had a significant impact on the change in its amount of debt.     

Risk-based pricing of interest rates for consumer loans

By focusing on observable default risk's role in loan terms and the subsequent consequences for household behavior, this paper shows that lenders increasingly used risk-based pricing of interest rates in consumer loan markets during the mid-1990s. It tests three resulting predictions: First, the premium paid per unit of risk should have increased over this period. Second, debt levels should have reacted accordingly. Third, fewer high-risk households should have been denied credit, further contributing to the interest rate spread between the highest- and lowest-risk borrowers.For people obtaining loans, the premium paid per unit of risk did indeed become significantly larger after the mid-1990s. For example, for a 0.01 increase in the probability of bankruptcy, the corresponding interest-rate increase tripled for first mortgages, doubled for automobile loans and rose nearly six-fold for second mortgages. Additionally, changes in borrowing levels and debt access reflected these new pricing practices, particularly for secured debt. Borrowing increased most for the low-risk households who saw their relative borrowing costs fall. Furthermore, while very high-risk households gained expanded access to credit, the increases in their risk premiums implied that their borrowing as a whole either rose less or, sometimes, fell.