安全港模式:我国资本弱化税制建立的现实选择

针对跨国纳税人利用费本弱化进行避税，从20世纪80年代起西方许多发达国家建立起了资本弱化税制来规制这种避税行为。目前，西方国家防止资本弱化通行的做法主要采用安全港规则和正常交易规则两种。在经济全球化的条件下，我国的资本弱化避税问题同样是不可避免，因此借鉴西方国家成功做法，建立我国的资本弱化税制是十分必要的。安全港规则模式是我国资本弱化税制建立的现实选择。     

资本弱化税制的国际比较与借鉴

资本弱化税制旨在避免纳税人通过人为提高债务融资比例、规避纳税义务。发达国家在防范资本弱化避税方面积累了成功的经验,建立了比较完善的资本弱化税制。借鉴他们的经验,结合我国当前资本市场的状况,我国有必要引入安全港规则,从规范关联方定义、确定合理的债务/权益比率等方面入手,建立较为完善的资本弱化税制。     

资本弱化税制:缺陷与完善北大核心CSSCI

税法对于企业支付利息和股息的不同规定使得资本弱化成为跨国企业常用的避税手段。目前资本弱化规制方法—正常交易原则和安全港模式,都无法有效规避企业的资本弱化行为。本文详细分析了资本弱化税制的缺陷及其产生的原因,并在此基础上,提出了优化安全港模式中的度量指标、将税率差作为客观的辨识标准、建立辅助性资本弱化规制措施、增强对资本弱化避税驱动机制和机理的识别等完善我国资本弱化税制的相关政策建议。     

论资本弱化税制

资本弱化有其产生的实践基础与理论根源,西方国家已实施资本弱化税制多年。我国在企业所得税立法中,应采用安全港规则、正常交易规则,规定固定债务与股本比率、按独立企业支付利息扣除来限制资本弱化,明确有关规定和计算方法,建立起适用于所有企业的资本弱化税制。     

防止跨国公司避税之对策的比较研究(上)

跨国公司通过资本弱化和避税港进行避税已成为焦点。防止通过资本弱化进行避税的重点在于对利息扣除进行限定,或者将名义上由债权产生实际却是由股权产生的所得推定为股息加以课税,或者二者并用。多数国家实行安全港模式,对超过安全港界限的利息,不仅不允许作为费用扣除,而且将其重新归类为公司分配利润或股息,按股息的税率征收公司所得税和预提税。防止通过避税港进行避税的重点是建立受控外国公司的特别征税规则,即对实际上归属本国居民而在避税港设立的公司,对其利润归属于本国居民股东的部分,即使当年不分配,也不汇回本国,也要视同当年分配的股息与其它所得一并缴纳本国所得税,从而防止将利润往避税港转移。     

部分国家应对资本弱化的税收举措

资本弱化是跨国公司避税的一种手段。发达国家纷纷制定了一系列的措施以防止资本弱化的避税问题。这些国际经验对我国完善这些方面的法规有一定的借鉴作用。     

部分国家应对资本弱化的税收举措及借鉴

资本弱化是跨国公司避税的新手段.发达国家纷纷制定了一系列的措施以防止资本弱化的避税问题.这些国际经验对我国完善有关的法规有一定的借鉴作用.     

日本反避税税制及其启示

日本的反避税税制由转让定价税制、资本弱化税制和避税地对策税制三部分组成,其中的资本弱化税制、避税地对策税制规定和转让定价税制中的预约定价方法对建立和完善我国的反避税税制有所启示。借鉴日本的做法,建立和完善我国的反避税税制已势在必行。     

浅谈中国的资本弱化税制

新的《企业所得税法》首次提出反资本弱化避税，本文从资本弱化对税收的影响出发，分析了我国资本弱化税制的特点，并对资本弱化税制的实施提出了建议。     

浅谈中国的资本弱化税制

新的<企业所得税法>首次提出反资本弱化避税,本文从资本弱化对税收的影响出发,分析了我国资夯弱化税制的特点,并对资本弱化税制的实施提出了建议.     

International Corporate Tax Avoidance Practices: Evidence from Australian Firms

This paper examines the international corporate tax avoidance practices of publicly listed Australian firms. Based on a hand-collected sample of 203 publicly listed Australian firms over the 2006–2009 period (812 firm-years), our regression results indicate that there are several practices Australian firms use to aggressively reduce their tax liabilities. Specifically, we find that thin capitalization, transfer pricing, income shifting, multinationality, and tax haven utilization are significantly associated with tax avoidance. In fact, based on the magnitude and significance levels of the regression coefficients in our study, thin capitalization and transfer pricing represent the primary drivers of tax avoidance, whereas income shifting and tax haven utilization are less important. Finally, our additional regression results show that tax havens are likely to be used together with thin capitalization and transfer pricing to maximize international tax avoidance opportunities via the increased complexity of transactions carried out through tax havens.     

The determinants of thinly capitalized tax avoidance structures: Evidence from Australian firms

This paper examines the determinants of thinly capitalized structures of publicly-listed Australian firms. Based on a hand-collected sample of 203 publicly-listed Australian firms over the 2006–2009 period (812 firm-years), our regression results indicate that the thin capitalization position of firms is significantly and positively associated with multinationality, tax haven utilization, withholding taxes and tax uncertainty. Multinationality and the use of tax havens are, in particular, strongly associated with thin capitalization. Our additional regression results provide evidence that shows that corporate governance monitoring mechanisms relating to board of director independence, institutional ownership and big-4 auditor utilization are significantly negatively associated with firms adopting thinly capitalized tax avoidance structures.     

《企业所得税法》"特别纳税调整"亮点解读

《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》在"特别纳税调整"一章规定了一些新的反避税条款。本文对其中的一些"亮点",如反避税一般性规定、提供关联交易相关资料、受控外国企业、限制资本弱化、纳税调整加收利息等进行了解读,有助于征纳双方更好地掌握税法。     

我国应对数字服务税的内在困境与破解之道

实体经济向数字经济的转换,突破了传统税收征管实体联结度规则"壁垒"。税法领域的相关法律缺失,已不能有效解决数字经济时代线上线下税收不公的法律问题。面对数字服务领域的税收问题,世界各国采取的办法或是开征数字服务税,或是修改国内法律,又或是等待国际统一规则的制定。开征数字税的国家在纳税起征条件、税率、征税对象、"安全港"条文的豁免条款等方面存在差异,我国在应对"数字资产"所有者确定、运营商与客户之间的"互益行为"、无形资产估值等方面存在困境。面对数字税的开征,我国应从现实考量出发,转变传统实体"源头税收"观念、强化数据信息机制在税收征管领域的应用,并以国际协作的方式来应对这场数字税收领域的革命性变化。     

在华外企的反避税审计策略研究

通过对转让定价、资本弱化、利用避税地以及选择公司组织形式等在华外企常用的避税方式和手段进行剖析,说明在以后相当长的时期内,应当将长期亏损、长期微利或跳跃性赢利却不断扩大经营规模的外资企业作为反避税审计的重点对象,并在提升立法层次、建立跨国合作机制、完善反转让定价税制、制定避税地和资本弱化税法、加强对电子商务税收问题的研究等方面来完善反避税审计策略。     

A trade-off theory of ownership and capital structure

This paper determines the optimal ownership share held by a unit into a second unit when both face a tax-bankruptcy trade-off. Full ownership is optimal when the first unit has positive debt, because dividends help avoid its default. Positive debt is, in turn, optimal when its corporate tax rate exceeds a threshold, and/or thin capitalization rules place an upper limit on the debt level in the second unit, and/or the Volcker Rule bans bailout transfers to the second unit. Full ownership is no longer optimal only if there is a tax on intercorporate dividend. This theory rationalizes observations on multinationals, financial conglomerates, and family groups.     

Taxation and the optimal constraint on corporate debt finance: why a comprehensive business income tax is suboptimal

The tax bias in favour of debt finance under the corporate income tax means that corporate debt ratios exceed the socially optimal level. This creates a rationale for a general thin capitalization rule limiting the amount of debt that qualifies for interest deductibility. This paper sets up a model of corporate finance and investment in a small open economy to identify the optimal constraint on tax-favoured debt finance, assuming that a given amount of revenue has to be raised from the corporate income tax. For plausible parameter values, the socially optimal debt-asset ratio is 2–3% points below the average corporate debt level currently observed. Driving the actual debt ratio down to this level through limitations on interest deductibility would generate a total welfare gain of about 5% of corporate tax revenue. The welfare gain would arise mainly from a fall in the social risks associated with corporate investment, but also from the cut in the corporate tax rate made possible by a broader corporate tax base.     

对制定我国税法通则的思考

制定我国税法通则是完善税法体系、深化税制改革的需要，是坚持税收法定主义原则、依法治税的需要，应借鉴有关国家建立税收“母法”的经验，尽快制定我国的税法通则。     

中国与东盟成员国转让定价税务管理的比较

中国和东盟成员国同属发展中国家,都实行对外开放和吸引外资的经济政策,而且也都面临着外商投资企业滥用转让定价的问题。本文通过比较中国和东盟成员国转让定价税务管理的立法情况、审查和调整方法、预约定价管理、文档管理、处罚规定和审查力度等方面的异同,发现中国现阶段转让定价税务管理中的不足之处,并提出切实可行的改进建议。