The Measurement of International Harmonisation in Financial Reporting

Several developments in the harmonisation of accounting standards are described in the accompanying article by Howieson. This article explains how harmonisation can be measured and refers to studies of the harmonisation of accounting standards and of financial reporting in practice. These studies have measured harmonisation in Europe, the US and Japan, as well as comparing accounting standards and reporting practices under Australian accounting standards (AASBs) and international accounting standards (LASS).     

财务报告质量评估的探讨

为了打击“数字游戏”和对付“盈利操纵” ,美国证券交易委员会原主席阿瑟·利维特 (ArthurLevitt)多次谈到高质量会计准则的重要性。什么是高质量会计准则的含义 ,或者说什么会计信息特征可以认为是对“使用者需要”和“股东 /投资人保护”有用的多层次的质量 ?本文试图审视一系列有关评估财务报告质量的不同方法 (模式或框架 ) ,包括 :美国财务会计准则委员会的概念框架、美国证券交易委员会用于评估国际会计准则质量的模式、关于改进公司审计委员会效率的“蓝带委员会”第 8号建议、美国第 6 1号审计准则公告、美国注册会计师协会的《改进企业报告———面向用户》的建议 ,特别是安达信会计师事务所合伙人Jonas&Blancher的建议框架 ;提出一份有关高质量财务报告的建议 ,重点关注透明度这一质量 ,并引用了Jonas&Blancher的“评估财务报告质量的问题”作为本文的一个附录。     

论会计准则法律效力的法理分析及其提升的途径

我国的会计法规体系建设经过改革开放以来20多年的努力,已经初步形成了以《会计法》为核心,以《企业财务会计报告奈例》、《总会计师条例》、《企业会计准则》、《企业会计制度》等行政法规、部门规章为基本规范标准的会计法律规范体系。作为部门规章的会计准则以及囊括了会计准则大多数内容的《企业会计制度》成为会计实务中普遍接受和遵循的规范标准。然而,会计准则在解除或确定会计责任的争端中的法律效力,普遍认为是因会计界和法律界分别遵从程序理性和结果理性的不同而大打折扣。如何解决会计准则法律效力不高的问题?本文主要从会计准则法律效力的法理分析着手,得出会计准则的法律效力来自于“授予权力”和“赋予义务”的一般法律支持的结论,进而提出了提升我国会计准则法律效力途径的对策建议。     

2005 — It's Here, Ready or Not: A Review of the Australian Financial Reporting Framework

This article reviews the current financial reporting framework in Australia by considering three groups that are involved in the production of companies' financial reports: rule-makers, financial report preparers and rule-enforcers. We outline dramatic changes to the financial reporting framework in the period 2002-04 (primarily from CLERP 9) and explore the effect on the roles and activities of various groups of the adoption of international accounting standards in Australia.     

(No) Limits to Anglo-American accounting? Reconstructing the history of the International Accounting Standards Committee: A review article

The development of the current International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) from the earlier International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) provides insight into many issues of international financial reporting, among them the characteristics of international accounting standards themselves. This article reviews Camfferman and Zeff’s [Camfferman, K., & Zeff, S. A. (2007). Financial reporting and global capital markets. A history of the international accounting standards committee 1973–2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press] volume on the organizational development of the IASC and contextualizes it in the broader literature of cross-border standardization in accounting. While having produced a seminal piece, the authors take a clear Anglo-American perspective. The downsides are insufficiencies regarding a simplistic understanding of experts and expertise, a neglect of the role of auditing firms, and only an imbalanced integration of different stakeholders.     

国际租赁会计准则的发展动向及对我国的启示

随着市场经济的发展,租赁业也日趋繁荣,租赁会计信息处理也变得更加的复杂和重要。为适应现代经济发展,国际租赁会计准则正处于不断的变化之中。本文以近几年国际租赁会计准则的变化为基础,回顾了国际租赁会计准则的修订进程,结合社会各界对相关国际组织征求意见稿等的观点和建议,从国际租赁会计准则的修订探讨对我国租赁会计准则的启示。     

国际会计准则改革:回顾与展望

改革开放以来 ,中国的会计改革进程都是朝着借鉴国际会计准则的大方向迈进的。因此 ,关注国际会计准则委员会 (IASC)的重组进展 ,把握其发展前景 ,对深化中国的会计改革意义重大。基于此 ,本文拟介绍国际社会对IASC改革的回应、国际会计准则理事会 (IASB)自去年 4月正式运行以来所取得的进展和面临的难点热点问题 ,并对建立一套高质量全球性会计准则的前景进行展望。     

新会计准则对注册会计师执业的影响

新会计准则在旧会计准则的基础上有很大的变化和创新,这些变化和创新在一定程度上影响着审计工作中的方方面面。本文首先阐述了新会计准则对注册会计师执业的影响,然后提出注册会计师应对新会计准则变化的几点建议。     

会计改革与会计信息质量——来自中国证券市场的经验证据

本文以股份公司会计制度改革为例 ,从会计改革的目标出发 ,运用会计信息的市场反应 ,分别从信息观和计量观的角度 ,就会计信息的质量进行定量研究 ,对其改革效果做出实证性的评价 ,籍此观察《企业会计制度》改革的合理性。研究表明会计信息质量的提高不仅有赖于会计改革建立高质量的会计准则 ,而且离不开执行机制的改革提供有效的准则执行支撑系统。《企业会计制度》面对缺乏效率的准则执行机制 ,出台尽可能回避按“公允价值”计价的改革政策 ,无疑是考虑会计准则与经济环境的融合性而做出的明智之举     

论我国会计准则和会计制度的关系

本文就我国会计界普遍关注的问题-有关会计准则和会计制度的关系问题进行了简要的分析论证。从两者各自的涵义和特点入手，继而分析了评价会计规范的标准，指出在我国现实情况下，既要致力于会计规范的国际协调，又要注重会计的中国特色。最后文章得出结论：在现阶段，我国应保持会计准则和会计制度并存并协调发展；但是，我国会计规范的远期目标则是建立单一的会计准则。     

中国会计准则国际协调效果的实证研究

自改革开放以来,我国进行了一系列旨在加强会计准则国际协调的改革,会计信息编报者和使用评价者都十分关心会计准则国际协调的效果。本文在借鉴国内外相关研究的基础上,采用实证研究方法从纵向上比较和分析AB股公司的净利润差异与会计信息价值相关性的变化,以期对我国会计准则国际协调的总体效果做出经验性评价。     

Agenda formation and accounting standards setting: lessons from the standards setters

There are many studies on lobbying of accounting standards, but the technical agenda of regulators is taken as ‘given’ and why a particular topic was admitted to the agenda is not investigated. Agenda formation is important as control of the agenda determines which topics get regulated and the form of the regulatory response. A few studies have explored agenda formation across regulatory institutions but are largely silent on the role of individual decision makers and technical staff. However, the standards setters have sought to explain their agenda processes. This paper reviews statements by the members of accounting standards setting agencies about their experiences of agenda formation. It identifies insights gained from standard setters and makes some suggestions for future research.     

文化对会计的影响:文献述评及未来研究展望

文化作为区别不同民族成员的集体心理模式,对各国会计准则和会计实践都具有重要影响。目前国内关于文化对会计影响的研究文献很少,国外学者则采用理论分析和实证检验的方法对会计亚文化、文化对会计稳健性、财务披露和会计准则协调的影响进行了多方面的研究。本文对该领域的文献进行了系统的梳理和简要评论,并针对现有研究的不足提出了未来的研究方向和重要议题。     

国际公共部门会计准则的回顾、基本框架及其启示

本文通过回顾国际公共部门会计准则 (IPSASs) 的发展史, 从公共部门财务报告的目标、会计核算基础、会计要素的分类、定义、确认和计量, 以及财务报表的列报等方面, 简要地介绍了国际公共部门会计准则的基本框架及其对我国开展公共部门会计改革和会计标准制定的启示。     

信息税及其对证券市场会计信息披露问题的治理

随着我国证券市场的发展,证券市场的法定信息披露、信息披露监管、会计准则建设等信息的公共服务越来越重要,而证券市场现行较为单一的证券交易税收制度作为公共服务开支的来源很难保证这些公共服务的有效提供。开征信息税所产生的收入、支出和调节等作用会产生一定的政策效应,如提高证券市场信息披露利益相关者对虚假信息披露问题进行治理参与的积极性,提高信息披露监管、信息披露规则建设和合法信息权利保障工作的财力支持,从而有利于证券市场信息披露质量、信息监管质量的提高,有利于证券市场有效性的提高和信息披露利益相关者合法权益的维护。     

The Financial Milieu of the IASB and AASB

This paper considers the implications of the convergence of the accounting standards of the International Accounting Standards Board with those of the Australian Accounting Standard Board. Australia seems well placed to comply with the international accounting standards in 2005, but not quite in the way the boards would have us imagine. While actively seeking funds from large multinational corporations and elite accounting firms, the AASB is dominated by stakeholder groups with what are described as "corefinancial" and "partial-financial" interests. This financial milieu may offer cosy deals for the key stakeholders, but does little in the way of civic responsibilities and accounting service for the wider public .     

企业所得税会计几个问题的探讨

本文研究企业所得税会计问题。针对我国企业所得税会计准则在执行过程中存在的方法、理念几个等认识误区问题，提出相应解决措施，主张理念决定方法，只有从理念、依据的角度深刻认识所得税会计准则的主旨，才能在实际工作中正确执行准则的相关规定。     

Politics of Financial Reporting and the Consequences for the Public Sector

This article examines the political processes surrounding public sector accounting standard setting, in particular, the Australian decision to adopt sector-neutral International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). It contends that the history of private and public sector involvement in the accounting standard setting process to date, and recourse to regulatory theory, assist in understanding these contemporary developments. The article reveals that private sector interests have dominated accounting standard setters at all important stages of standard setting in Australia. It concludes by arguing that, given this continued neglect by standard setters, if public sector financial reporting standards are to remain relevant to the public sector, then it may be necessary for public sector regulators to set their own standards.     

我国会计准则国际协调效果量化研究述评

近年来,检验我国会计准则国际协调效果的量化研究日益增多,但由于研究的切入点、样本、变量及期间的选择和采用的方法不同,结论存在诸多差异甚至相互矛盾,以致这些研究的理论价值和现实意义有待于深入探讨。本文首次系统地分类探讨我国会计准则国际协调效果的量化研究,从我国会计准则与国际会计准则具体条款的协调程度,以及基于我国会计准则和国际会计准则编制的会计报表数据差异、会计信息含量差异和会计盈余质量差异四个方面,对我国会计准则国际协调效果量化研究的文献进行了回顾,最后对全文进行了总结并对后续研究提出建设性意见。     

Classifications Manipulation and Nash Accounting Standards

This paper studies a model of "classifications manipulation" in which accounting reports consist of one of two binary classifications, preparers of accounting reports prefer one classification over the other, an accounting standard designates the official requirements that have to be met to receive the preferred classification, and preparers may engage in "classifications manipulation" in order to receive their preferred accounting classification. The possibility of classifications manipulation creates a distinction between the official classification described in the statement of the accounting standard and the de facto classification, determined by the "shadow standard" actually adopted by preparers. The paper studies the selection and evolution of accounting standards in this context. Among other things, the paper evaluates "efficient" accounting standards, it determines when there will be "standards creep," it introduces and analyzes the notion of a Nash accounting standard, and it compares the standards set by sophisticated standard–setters to those set with less knowledge of firms' financial reporting environments.