特定非金融业反洗钱的国际经验与中国实践

特定非金融业与金融业一样必须承担相应的反洗钱职责,与金融业相比,目前特定非金融业的反洗钱实践还相对欠缺。在对特定非金融业的洗钱反洗钱职责进行剖析的基础上,本文对特定非金融业的反洗钱国际标准进行了分析,阐述了FATF组织的重要建议和指引,研究了各国特定非金融业反洗钱实践情况。根据我国特定非金融业反洗钱工作的现状,本文提出了在我国特定非金融业开展反洗钱工作的步骤和建议。     

特定非金融业反洗钱的国际经验与中国实践

特定非金融业与金融业一样必须承担相应的反洗钱职责,与金融业相比,目前特定非金融业的反洗钱实践还相对欠缺。在对特定非金融业的洗钱反洗钱职责进行剖析的基础上,本文对特定非金融业的反洗钱国际标准进行了分析,阐述了FATF组织的重要建议和指引,研究了各国特定非金融业反洗钱实践情况。根据我国特定非金融业反洗钱工作的现状,本文提出了在我国特定非金融业开展反洗钱工作的步骤和建议。     

特定非金融业反洗钱的国际经验与中国实践

特定非金融业与金融业一样必须承担相应的反洗钱职责。与金融业相比，目前特定非金融业的反洗钱实践还相对欠缺。在对特定非金融业的反洗钱职责进行剖析的基础上，本文对特定非金融业的反洗钱国际标准进行了分析，阐述了FATF组织的重要建议和指引，研究了各国特定非金融业反洗钱实践情况。根据我国特定非金融业反洗钱工作的现状，本文提出了在我国特定非金融业开展反洗钱工作的步骤和建议。     

房地产特定非金融机构反洗钱研究

特定非金融行业与金融行业一样必须承担相应的反洗钱职责,与金融行业相比,目前特定非金融业的反洗钱实践还相对欠缺。本文在对房地产这一特定非金融业存在的反洗钱意识淡薄、行业交易信息分割、反洗钱法律滞后等问题进行剖析基础上,对加强我国房地产行业反洗钱工作提出几点建议。     

黄金珠宝业的洗钱风险与反洗钱措施分析

黄金珠宝行业作为特定非金融机构的洗钱风险不可忽视，与金融业相比，目前黄金珠宝业的反洗钱实践还相对欠缺。在对黄金珠宝业的洗钱风险进行剖析的基础上，该文对黄金珠宝业的反洗钱国际经验进行了分析，阐述了FATF组织的重要建议和指引，并根据我国黄金珠宝业反洗钱工作的现状，提出了在该行业开展反洗钱工作的步骤和建议。     

浅析特定非金融业反洗钱

本文列举了主要特定非金融业的洗钱方式,分析了特定非金融业反洗钱难点,提出特定非金融业反洗钱工作的建议。     

特定非金融业反洗钱的国际经验与中国实践

特定非金融业的反洗钱职责 　　关于洗钱,不同的国家有不同的定义.国际反洗钱组织金融行动特别工作组(FATF)将洗钱定义为:"凡隐匿或掩饰因犯罪行为所取得财物的真实性质、来源、地点、流向及转移,或协助任何与非法活动有关系的人员规避法律应负责任者,均属洗钱行为".……     

特定非金融机构反洗钱义务主体法律定位的难点与对策

《反洗钱法》将特定非金融机构纳入了反洗钱义务主体范围并规定其义务,这是我国反洗钱法律的一个实质性突破,既是国际反洗钱的新趋势,也符合中国国情。但对特定非金融机构的反洗钱法律定位问题却没有在现行法律中解决,留下了很大的空间。本文试通过分析特定非金融机构形势以及特定非金融机构反洗钱立法的难点,对特定非金融机构反洗钱义务主体法律定位的对策进行探讨。     

特定非金融领域洗钱方式及其监管

当前我国利用特定非金融领域洗钱的主要方式有房地产领域、贵金属与珠宝行业、律师、会计等专业服务业以及企业代理注册与信托业等.我国目前对特定非金融领域反洗钱监管已有相应法律法规,但在微观执行层面尚缺乏具体法律依据.国际上特定非金融领域反洗钱监管已有成熟经验可资借鉴.但我国应从健全法律法规、明确义务主体责任、完善监管模式等方面,不断完善特定非金融领域反洗钱有效措施.     

非金融特定领域反洗钱机制探析

目前,我国的反洗钱工作主要集中在金融领域,而非金融特定领域,如典当、彩票、律师事务所等行业的反洗钱工作尚处于非常薄弱的状态。如何推进我国反洗钱工作,维护金融秩序,将非金融特定领域的反洗钱工作纳入反洗钱工作范畴,推进非金融特定领域反洗钱机制建设,是反洗钱工作需要加强的重要环节。本文分析了非金融特定领域反洗钱工作现状和存在的问题,并对开展非金融特定领域的反洗钱工作提出建议。     

The impact of information systems and non-financial information on company success

This study aims to develop and evaluate a model that seeks to measure the impact of Accounting Information System Quality, Internal Control System Quality and Non-Financial Information Quality on company success (Decision-Making Success and Non-Financial Performance). This model is empirically tested with data obtained from the managers of 381 Portuguese companies. We use structural equation modelling in the analysis of causal relationships between different constructs. The results show that information and control systems quality (accounting and internal control) have a direct impact on Non-Financial Information Quality and an indirect impact on Decision-Making Success. The results also indicate that Quality Non-Financial Information does not contribute directly to Non-Financial Performance but contributes indirectly via Decision-Making Success. The exploratory variables prove to be crucial for the companies’ Non-Financial Performance, accounting for its 62% variance. Previous research focuses primarily on financial information quality and financial performance. This study is the first to empirically prove that information and control systems contribute favourably to the transparency and value-relevance of non-financial information and, consequently, to business success.     

Commentary: On the Desirability of Common Financial Reporting Standards for Business and Government

An important financial reporting issue relates to the extent, if any, to which financial reporting standards should differ for businesses and governments. At a high level of abstraction little dispute exists that common financial reporting concepts for both types of organisations are appropriate (for example, financial reporting should provide useful information). As one focuses on more specific financial reporting objectives, however, the issue becomes more contentious. This paper addresses this issue by considering differences in financial reporting objectives between the types of organisations and evaluating whether such differences are of sufficient import to warrant substantially different financial reporting standards.     

构建同业拆借和债券交易监测指标

该文在分析银行间同业拆借和债券交易业务风险类别的基础上，构建了这两种业务的监测指标体系，并进一步设计了预警系数；该体系的运用将有助于金融监管部门及时准确地了解金融机构在货币市场中所面临的风险。     

Capital Allocation in Financial Firms

This paper develops a theory of capital allocation in financial intermediaries where the cost of "risk capital" is a critical consideration. The implication for capital budgeting is that financial firms should use a modified NPV rule in which projects are valued by calculating the NPV of cash flows using marketdetermined discount rates and then subtracting a deadweight cost of capital that reflects the project's marginal contribution to firm-wide risk.
By taking account of deadweight costs—mainly monitoring and moral hazard costs associated with having too little equity capital as well as "free cash flow" agency costs and higher taxes associated with having too much—the capital allocation model predicts that financial firms will diversify across businesses with similar deadweight costs. Such diversification reduces the cost of risk capital for the individual businesses, thereby creating more profitable investment opportunities at the margin and enabling the businesses to operate on a larger scale. The authors note that their model has similarities to but also important differences from the standard applications of RAROC models.     

普惠小微金融发展研究 ——基于安徽、湖北和深圳模式的比较分析

本文在分析普惠小微金融支持小微企业发展政策背景基础上,比较研究了安徽、 湖北、深圳等省市普惠小微金融模式,并据此提出进一步完善普惠小微金融服务、支持小微企 业发展的政策建议。文章认为,应当坚持金融回归本源的原则,优化小微企业发展的货币政策 环境;发展普惠小微金融,优化证券保险服务体系,完善财税等配套制度。     

Patent pledge policy and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China

This study examines the influence of China’s patent pledge policy on the stability of stock prices for Chinese listed businesses. We find that when businesses use patent rights as collateral for loans, the probability of stock price crash increases. Additionally, this unfavorable effect is more pronounced in businesses with strong financial standing, excessive managerial confidence, and serious agency problems than in businesses with weak financial standing, non-excessive managerial confidence, and non-serious agency problems. Indeed, a mechanism analysis reveals that the patent pledge policy aggravates management’s excessive investment and contributes to stock price instability. Furthermore, the pledge financing process and corporate financing goals are not sufficiently transparent and lack internal and external supervision, due to the challenges associated with determining the value of patent rights, the lack of awareness of risk control in the pledge process, and the imperfections in pertinent policies and systems.     

关于规范非标准化债权投资的研究与思考

为规范商业银行理财业务投资运作,中国银行业监督管理委员会对外发布了《关于规范商业银行理财业务投资运作有关问题的通知》,从非标准化债权资产的界定、理财产品与投资资产的对应、信息披露、规模控制、管理流程等不同角度,防范化解理财业务风险。该文件的出台对商业银行、非银行金融机构及投资者产生了多方面影响,可能导致银行强弱的进一步分化,促进理财产品的研发创新,以券商为主的非银行金融机构将长期受益。各银行、非银行金融机构及投资者应积极寻求应对措施,充分利用新规的利好空间。     

小微企业风险测度、不良容忍度及其风险控制研究

本文以违约概率为小微企业风险的测度标准,建立了基于财务与非财务因素的小微企业风险计量模型。计量结果表明:除流动比率等少数指标外,大部分财务指标对判断小微企业违约概率不具有显著性;非财务因素中,反映小微企业资金状况的存贷比率指标具有较高的显著性,这说明现阶段部分商业银行在小微企业审查审批和贷后管理过程中将小微企业资金结算情况作为风险评价的重要依据,具有一定的科学性和准确性;小微企业的下游客户集中程度对判断小微企业违约概率也有较大的显著性,这说明小微企业的销售渠道是评价小微企业风险程度的重要要素。     

Risk Capital: Theory and Applications

After a brief review of the current theory and practice of risk capital by financial firms, the authors define the concept of risk capital and identify the costs and benefits of using more or less of it. Next, they present their procedure for allocating risk capital to assets and lines of business on the basis of marginal default values, and in a way designed to prevent risk shifting and internal arbitrage. Then, they show how allocations of risk capital are likely to be affected by, and in turn influence, a financial firm's decisions about both the scale and composition of its portfolio of businesses. Finally, the authors present a number of applications and consider their implications for maximizing the value of financial firms. In so doing, the authors also show how their method produces very different allocations of risk capital than those based on two measures that have long been widely used by financial firms: value at risk (VaR) and risk‐adjusted return on capital (RAROC). Moreover, the adjusted present value (APV) rule for evaluating investment opportunities is shown to be workable for nonfinancial as well as financial firms.     

Post‐IRCJ challenges: changing Japanese culture to enable early revitalization of troubled corporations

The Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan (IRCJ) was created in 2003 to restructure distressed debtor corporations with excessive debts before their bankruptcy with a view to deterring ever‐increasing non‐ and poor‐performing loans. The IRCJ successfully reorganized target debtor companies through the out‐of‐court workout with multiple financial institutions where unanimous consent of financial creditors is required. Since the lifetime of the IRCJ is limited, the IRCJ cannot rescue troubled corporations after the end of March 2005. From then onward, the out‐of‐court workout should be utilized more widely in Japan in order to revitalize distressed businesses at an early stage without impairing the rights of trade creditors and deteriorating the value of the businesses. To make the workout most effective, it is important to ensure that the statutory reorganization procedures, including the majority rule, are applied more flexibly and reliably. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.