浅探我国合并会计主体中报表的合并范围

合并会计主体是指由控股公司与纳入合并范围的被控股公司组成的经济实体或企业集团。明确合并范围是正确编制合共财务报表的前提。对合并会计主体的界定，主要取决于编制合并财务报表所运用的合并理论。合并财务报表是视企业集团为“单一会计主体”，根据母公司和子公司单独编制的个别会计报表，从公司集团的整体出发，反映整个公司集团的财务状况和经营成果。但在规定“单一会计主体”的界限时、却存在着不同的观点，从而形成不同的合并财务报表的理论基础。1．母公司理论。母公司理论强调母公司或控股公司的股东利益。合并会计主体是指控…     

合并财务报表与母公司会计信息价值相关性的差异研究——来自沪深上市公司的经验证据

本文主要基于沪深上市公司的经验数据,通过构建模型,运用实证方法,检验了合并财务报表与母公司财务报表价值相关性的差异,肯定了我国上市公司年度财务报表双重披露制度的安排,本文认为,上市公司同时披露年度合并财务报表与母公司财务报表更有利于投资者进行决策。     

合并财务报表中存货跌价准备的抵销问题

合并财务报表是以整个企业集团为一个会计主体,以组成企业集团的母公司和子公司的个别财务报表为基础,由母公司通过抵销内部交易对个别财务报表的影响后编制而成的财务报表.编制抵销分录,进行抵销处理是合并财务报表编制的关键和主要内容,其目的在于抵销个别财务报表各项目的加总金额中重复的因素.编制合并财务报表有利于避免控股公司人为操纵利润、粉饰财务报表现象的发生,使财务报表所提供的会计信息更加客观、真实.实务中,许多会计人员反映编制合并财务报表的工作量较大且难以把握,尤其纠结于存货跌价准备的抵销问题.本文主要讨论初次编制与连续编制合并财务报表时对内部购进存货计提的存货跌价准备的抵销问题     

合并财务报表若干问题探讨

一、合并财务报表理论及存在的问题 企业合并主要有新设合并、吸收合并和控股合并,由于前两种合并方式在合并后就只存在一个报告主体,不存在合并报表问题,而控股合并就是各独立公司先编制个别报表,后由母公司编制合并财务报表。下面笔者仅对合并财务报表理论中存在的七方面问题提出来与大家作一些探讨：     

浅谈外币财务报表的折算

外币财务报表折算是母公司在编制合并会计报表前,将所属子公司编报的个别会计报表,按一定汇率,采用规定的折算方法,折算为与母公司记账本位币相一致的个别会计报表,以便母公司以折算后的个别会计报表为基础,编制合并会计报表。在外币报表折算过程中会产生报表折算差额,它是由于对外币会计报表中各项目采用不同折算汇率而产生的。本文针对外币财务报表折算的四种方法展开,评价了各种方法的优劣。     

权益理论与合并财务报表观念

合并财务报表的编制，受到不同合并观念的影响，而不同的合并观念源自不同的权益理论。本文首先简要介绍两种主要的权益理论：所有权理论和主体理论，以及基于这两种权益理论所形成的三种合并观念：所有者观、主体观和母公司观。然后结合合并财务报表的国际惯例及其发展，对权益理论和合并观念的发展加以探讨。一、编制合并财务报表的三种合并观念（一）理论渊源：所有权理论抑或主体理论。在所有者权益会计中，主要有两种不同的理论观点，即所有权理论和主体理论。所有权理论的基本立论是：会计主体与其终极所有者（ｕｌｔｉｍａｔｅｏｗｎ…     

合并财务报表基本理论和方法研究

现如今,在编制合并财务报表方面的基本理论有三种。因为在公司集团单一会计主体的规定时这三种理论的界限不同,从而导致了这三种合并理论之间差异的产生。在我国,编制合并财务报表的时候,修正的母公司理论应该被拿来使用,也就是说主要的服务对象是母公司,并且使用实体理论全部抵消的方式来编制抵消分录,这样就可以把编表工作尽量简化。     

浅析编制合并报表如何进行长期股权投资的调整

合并财务报表是以母公司和子公司组成的企业集团为会计主体,根据某公司和所属子公司的财务报表,由母公司编制的综合反映企业集团财务状况、经营成果及现金流量的财务报表。根据我国《企业会计准则第33号-合并财务报表》规定:母公司应当将其全部子公司纳入合并财务报表的合并范围。由于《企业会计准则第2号-长期股权投资》明确母公司对子公司的投资的会计处理方法应采用成本法,因此,在编制合并财务报表时,存在如何在工作底稿中将母公司个别报表中成本法反映的"长期股权投资"余额调整为权益法余额的问题,本文结合实际工作,作一探讨。     

合并财务报表的编制流程梳理

以企业集团为报告主体的合并财务报表,是会计理论与实务界的重大难题之一.企业集团内部股权投资、其他内部交易的调整与抵销,是合并工作底稿的关键内容.2014年新修订的《企业会计准则第33号——合并财务报表》,不再限定基于权益法编制合并财务报表,母公司可以直接在按成本法核算对子公司的长期股权投资的基础上编制.首先,本文对集团内部股权投资的调整与抵销,梳理基于权益法、成本法编制合并财务报表的基本流程.然后,综合考虑集团其他内部交易的调整与抵销及递延所得税影响对子公司净损益的调整,系统地梳理基于权益法、成本法编制合并财务报表的扩展流程,为贴近合并财务报表实务,提供可视化的编制流程.     

母公司个别财务报表中对子公司投资的会计处理方法之辨:成本法还是权益法?

由于我国现行《长期股权投资》会计准则规定在母公司个别财务报表中采用成本法核算对子公司的长期股权投资(以下简称为对子公司投资),这割裂了母公司个别财务报表与合并财务报表的本原逻辑关联,削弱了两者间的互补性,且导致母公司股东基于母公司个别财务报表来厘定分红权利虽然符合《公司法》却很不合理,而基于合并财务报表来厘定分红权利虽更为合理但和《公司法》存在明显冲突.我们对该问题进行了深入分析,论证了在母公司个别财务报表之中采用权益法来核算其对子公司投资的逻辑合理性和现实必要性,并建议修订我国现行《长期股权投资》会计准则,在母公司个别财务报表之中由成本法改为采用权益法来核算其对子公司投资.     

合并报表与母公司报表的有用性:理论分析与经验检验

本文从我国要求母公司同时编制和提供合并报表和母公司报表这一制度安排出发,检验了合并报表和母公司报表的有用性。研究得出,按照现行会计制度编制的合并报表在预测集团经营成果和现金流量方面并没有显著优于母公司报表。在分析上市公司的综合财务状况和偿债能力方面,母公司报表可以提供显著的增量信息。     

Proportionate consolidation versus the equity method: Additional evidence on the association with bond ratings

From a financial analysis perspective, proportionate consolidation of significant influence equity investments is often presumed to provide more useful information than equity method accounting. Surprisingly, Kothavala [Kothavala, K., 2003, Proportional consolidation versus the equity method: A risk measurement perspective on reporting interests in joint ventures, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 22, 517-538.] finds that financial statement measures based on the equity method are more relevant for bond ratings than are similar measures based on proportionate consolidation. This study provides additional evidence regarding this issue. Using a sample of manufacturing firms with significant influence equity investments accounted for under U.S. GAAP, the results indicate that pro forma proportionately consolidated financial statements have greater relevance than equity method statements for explaining bond ratings.     

Does the Control-based Approach to Consolidated Statements Better Reflect Market Value than the Ownership-based Approach?

Motivated by the recent Discussion Paper (DP) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) on how to define reporting entities, this study investigates the value relevance of consolidated statements under the ownership-based approach of U.S. Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51 (ARB 51) and the control-based approach of International Accounting Standard No. 27 (IAS 27). The results show that consolidated financial statements based on a broader definition of control provide more useful accounting information than those based only on majority-ownership control. We also address one concern raised in the DP, namely, whether a reporting entity should use the common control model to include entities that are under common control of an individual investor or family. The results suggest that accounting standard boards should include the common control model in defining the group reporting entity for firms with complex ownership structures.     

新会计准则中合并报表理论变革的经济后果研究——基于少数股东权益、少数股东损益信息含量变化的研究

本文研究新会计准则在合并财务报表方面的变迁对少数股东权益和损益信息含量的影响。2006年2月15日颁布并于2007年实施的"新合并财务报表准则"(企业会计准则第33号——合并财务报表)相对旧准则做出了修改:规定少数股东权益在合并资产负债表所有者权益项目下单独列示;少数股东损益在合并利润表中净利润项目下单独列示。本文发现,新会计准下,少数股东权益的价值相关性显著提高,且显著高于净资产其他组成部分的价值相关性提高程度;少数股东损益信息含量显著增加,且增加量显著高于盈余的其他组成部分带来的信息增加量。本文的经验证据支持了新会计准则中合并财务报表的实体理论,研究结论说明,新会计准则的实施使得合并财务报表具有更多信息含量。     

Public Sector Consolidated Statements—an Assessment

Judgments potentially made by various participants in (or observers of) the public sector on the basis of aggregative financial information about governments are reviewed. Distinctions are drawn between judgments that are made routinely , or under certain conditions, by decision makers or observers. It is recognized that (in Australia) the financial information that is relevant to the majority of these judgments is already supplied by other sources (principally budget documents, or in Government Finance Statistics) rather than by public sector consolidated statements. It is concluded that a number of routine judgments could be based on financial information presented in the form of consolidated statements (of varying scope). Alternative criteria for determining the scope of consolidated statements are reviewed. Accountability and control are noted as potential bases. Depending on the adopted objective, it is concluded that tests of control are either not relevant, or inappropriate. It is contended that prior studies that have recommended use of control have focused on processes (trying to find a suitable test for determining the ambit of consolidated statements) rather than on objectives , and examining in some detail what information would be relevant to different users and uses.     

Proportional consolidation versus the equity method: A risk measurement perspective on reporting interests in joint ventures

Under Canadian generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), firms are required to proportionally consolidate joint venture investments, as opposed to the United States where the equity method is used. Using a sample of Canadian firms, this study investigates the relative information content of equity method and proportionally consolidated financial statement amounts for explaining market risk. This is possible for Canadian firms where detailed footnote disclosures permit the calculation of pro forma equity method amounts. The findings are surprising in that whereas proportionally consolidated financial statements are more risk relevant than equity method statements for explaining price volatility, equity method statements are more risk relevant than proportionally consolidated ones for explaining bond ratings. The findings suggest that different market participants use financial statement information differently. The study also finds that failure to disclose disaggregated joint venture accounting amounts, as is the case under US GAAP, masks information that could help market participants assess risk.     

Bridging the Information Gap: Quarterly Conference Calls as a Medium for Voluntary Disclosure

This paper uses the quarterly conference call as a disclosure metric to examine whether firms with less informative financial statements are more likely to respond by providing additional voluntary disclosure. After controlling for other characteristics of a firm's information environment, I find a significant inverse relation between measures of the informativeness of a firm's financial statements and the likelihood that the firm will use a quarterly conference call. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis in Verrecchia (1990) that the probability of disclosure of management's private information is negatively related to the precision of prior public information on firm value.     

A case against the consolidation of foreign subsidiaries’ and a United States parent’s financial statements

Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States usually require that companies which own more than 50% of the voting stock of foreign corporations prepare consolidated financial statements. The foreign financial statements must be recast into US GAAP and the foreign currency financial statements must be translated into US dollars. Alternative methods of translating foreign currency have major impacts on consolidated financial statements and on the behavior of management. Further, foreign subsidiary financial statements which are recast into US GAAP are less useful than the originals, and US users cannot analyze them without reference to the foreign environment. The interests of financial statement users are better served by alternative presentations of foreign currency denominated accounts rather than by consolidation.     

企业集团财务信息的充分披露

信息需求者在需要关于企业集团整体财务信息的同时,也同样需要多样化的其他方面的财务信息,以满足决策的需要。本文认为,企业集团财务信息需求的多样化表现在许多方面,其中以对特殊行业子公司财务信息和母公司本身财务信息方面的需要表现得最为突出。本文对特殊行业子公司纳入合并范围带来的问题进行了分析,并指出应当披露企业集团中特殊行业子公司的财务信息;同时,本文对母公司财务报表披露的必要性和披露方式进行了分析讨论。     

Are IFRS value-relevant for separate financial statements? Evidence from the Italian stock market

Using a sample of Italian firms, this paper investigates whether separate financial statements are useful to capital market investors, and whether International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are more value-relevant than domestic generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). These issues are key in evaluating the decision made by some states in the European Union to extend the use of IFRS to separate financial statements. The study provides evidence that separate financial statements are value-relevant, regardless of the accounting standard set. However, contrary to expectations, separate financial statements under IFRS do not have incremental information content beyond domestic GAAP. There is even some evidence that domestic GAAP financial statements are more value-relevant than IFRS. Finally, this paper documents the important role of model specification in value-relevance studies.