三板市场,起点与终点

从长远来看,三板市场必将成为为具有发展潜力的非上市公司提供融资平台,为风险资本提供退出机制,为主板市场提供优质上市公司资源的多层次资本市场的重要组成部分。     

中国风险投资退出机制的创新与展望

随着中国资本市场的逐渐成熟和完善,风险投资在中国商业环境中所起到的作用越来越重要。更加开放和成熟的资本市场为中国的风险投资退出提供了新的渠道,不仅在源头上吸引了更多的海外风险资本,同时,以管理层收购为代表的新兴退出渠道日益成熟,这些发展都为资本市场的进一步完善并逐渐形成全国性的产权交易市场奠定了扎实的基础。本文旨在通过现实中的案例分析与新颖的国内外风险投资理论相结合,联系近些年我国风险投资行业的发展与新挑战,总结出中国应当促进管理层收购的发展,更好地利用和吸引海外风险资本,在全国范围内建立统一的场外市场,积极构建和完善中国的风险投资退出机制,从而实现我国风险投资行业和资本市场的健康、快速发展。     

风险投资退出的主渠道——产权市场

风险投资的退出机制是风险投资运作过程的最后也是至关重要的环节.产权交易市场是多层次资本市场体系的重要组成部分,是股份转让这种未来风险投资退出的主要渠道.因此,采取有效的措施,加快产权交易市场的发展,为风险企业股份转让提供更为便利的退出通道.     

中国私募股权资本退出:方式、困境及出路

目前,中国私募股权资本退出主要有IPO、并购、回购、清算等方式,由于资本市场体系不完善、私募股权资本行业法律制度不健全、私募股权资本行业人才匮乏、私募股权资本行业中介机构体系不健全、退出渠道不顺畅等因素的影响,中国私募股权资本退出面临较高风险.需从以上五个方面加以改进,构建通畅的退出机制,才能推动我国私募股权资本市场发展,建立与完善多层次资本市场体系、建立与完善私募股权资本行业的法律体系、加快私募股权资本行业的人才培养和引进、加快私募股权资本行业中介机构体系建设、构建顺畅的退出渠道.     

论PE和VC退出机制的完善——基于我国产权市场转型的研究

私募资本和风险资本在投资后能否适时退出,在很大程度上制约着投资者的决策取向和资本的循环流动,可以说没有退出渠道就没有真正意义上的VC和PE.为此,建立具有中国特色的VC和PE的退出机制,是解决这一问题的关键环节.本文主要针对目前产权交易市场上存在的问题,探索符合中国实际的改革措施,不断推进我国产权市场的转型,完善VC和PE的退出机制.本文的创新之处在于它联系当前产权领域的最新动态,对产权市场的未来定位做了专门阐述.     

我国产权市场上的创业投资资本退出问题及对策

任何创业投资项目,有一个完善的退出机制是其成败的关键。近些年,随着我国创业投资的迅速发展,创业资本的退出也受到了越来越多的关注。退出机制是创业投资的"变现器",由于创业投资对象的特殊性,导致其从我国的股票市场退出较难实现,如何退出便成为创业投资的一个瓶颈。创业投资的退出,实质就是创业企业产权关系的变更。中国产权市场经过二十多年的发展,已经成为股票交易市场之外又一个资源优化配置的大平台,既是我国主板市场和创业板市场的有益补充,同时也完善了我国的投融资体系。当前,风险资本的股本转让存在很多现实问题,因而,建立起灵活有效的产权交易市场,让那些不能通过创业板退出的创业投资企业,可以通过产权交易市场进行回购和第三方股权交易,是资本市场持续健康发展一个亟须解决的问题。     

风险投资退出时机和退出方式选择研究

风险投资的高收益是通过风险投资成功的退出而实现的,可行的退出机制是风险投资成功的关键.只有风险投资顺利成功的退出才能够使风险投资这一动态过程循环往复,不断获取风险资本增值.风险资本家实施风险投资项目退出时必须对退出时机和退出方式进行选择.文章主要对风险资本选择最佳退出时机以及退出方式时应该考虑的因素进行了研究,认为最佳退出时机以及退出方式的选择遵循投资收益最大化的准则.     

保险资金参与地方保障房建设制度设计的探讨——以浙江省保障性住房建设为例

保障房建设所具有的低风险和收益稳定的特点,符合当前保险资金资产负债配置的需要。保险资金介入地方保障房建设有助于降低保险资金投资收益对资本市场的依赖程度,规避因资本市场的波动所带来的风险。出于对投保人利益以及保险资金安全的考虑,监管机构应加强对保险公司投资保障性住房的引导和规整。保险公司应建立健全保险资金投资保障房建设的风险管理机制,加强保险公司介入保障房建设融资资金的退出机制构建。     

发达资本市场股权质押风险防控制度研究

2018年A股市场的低迷引发了严重的上市公司股权质押危机。为有效防范股权质押风险,论文梳理了发达资本市场股权质押机制,探寻发达资本市场较少因股权质押风险而引发经济运行风险的内在原因。在对境内外股权质押制度差异进行对比并充分借鉴的基础上,建议防范股权质押风险应立足制度建设,有序推动质押融资"去杠杆"及减持制度调整,并聚焦资本市场稳定机制建设,充分发挥市场的作用。     

论风险资本释放退出机制的有效构筑

伴随着知识经济时代的来临,高科技产业成了中国产业升级的一个焦点,在高科技成果产业化进程中,风险资本作为一种金融资本,其独特的存在价值和区别于普通资本、通过在高科技项目之间灵活进入和退出实现自身价值增值的特殊运行机制,为高科技企业提供了成长的推动力。风险资本要得以顺利成长,基本前提是必须有一个健全的资本释放退出机制。本文旨在提出：一个健全的多层次股权交易市场,对于有效构筑这一风险释放机制具有重大的意义     

The Determinants of Venture Capital in Europe — Evidence Across Countries

This article analyses the determinants of European venture capital activity. The main novelty of our work is in accounting for the idiosyncrasies of the European venture capital market. In particular, we investigate whether the size of the merger and acquisition market (M&A) is important in explaining venture capital. Moreover, our work is the first that analyses the impact of the degree of information asymmetry at the macro level, the direct impact of the level of entrepreneurial activity and the impact of the unemployment rate on venture capital activity. We use aggregate data from 23 European countries for the period 1998–2003 to estimate panel data models with fixed and random effects. Our results reveal that the size of the M&A market and the market-to-book ratio have a positive impact on venture capital activity whereas the unemployment rate influences the venture capital market negatively. These results highlight the importance of the exit environment and of the degree of asymmetric information for the venture capital market.     

我国风险投资退出方式的选择

风险投资在现代经济中具有举足轻重的作用,选择合适的方式退出是风险投资成功的关键。本文结合目前我国风险资本的退出现状,分析中国风险投资退出的主要障碍在于相关法律法规不健全、中介服务不成熟、风险企业在国内主板上市难度大,指出了在我国目前的国情下,可供选择的风险投资退出方式有收购与兼并、买壳或借壳上市、境外二板上市或国内中小企业板上市、股份回购、通过区域性产权交易市场退出等。     

The determinants of venture capital funding: evidence across countries

This paper analyses the determinants of venture capital for a sample of 21 countries. In particular, we consider the importance of initial public offerings (IPOs), gross domestic product (GDP) and market capitalization growth, labor market rigidities, accounting standards, private pension funds, and government programs. We find that IPOs are the strongest driver of venture capital investing. Private pension fund levels are a significant determinant over time but not across countries. Surprisingly, GDP and market capitalization growth are not significant. Government policies can have a strong impact, both by setting the regulatory stage, and by galvanizing investment during downturns. Finally, we also show that different types of venture capital financing are affected differently by these factors. In particular, early stage venture capital investing is negatively impacted by labor market rigidities, while later stage is not. IPOs have no effect on early stage venture capital investing across countries, but are a significant determinant of later stage venture capital investing across countries. Finally, government funded venture capital has different sensitivities to the determinants of venture capital than non-government funded venture capital. Our insights emphasize the need for a more differentiated approach to venture capital, both from a research as well as from a policy perspective. We feel that while later stage venture capital investing is well understood, early stage and government funded investments still require more extensive research.     

DOES VENTURE CAPITAL REQUIRE AN ACTIVE STOCK MARKET?

The United States has both an active venture capital industry and well-developed stock markets. Japan and Germany have neither. The authors argue that this is no accident— that venture capital flourishes especially, and perhaps only , when venture capitalists can exit from successful portfolio companies through initial public offerings (IPOs), which in turn require an active stock market.
Understanding the link between the stock market and the venture capital market requires understanding the contractual arrangements between entrepreneurs and venture capital providers, particularly (1) the importance of exit by venture capitalists and (2) the implicit contract over control between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs created by the possibility of exit through an IPO. This possibility gives entrepreneurs a valuable option that, in the event they are successful, allows them to reacquire control of their enterprises from venture capitalists.     

资源稀缺、技术冲击与风险投资退出时机

本文从风险投资市场资源稀缺的特征出发,建立了一个风险投资退出时机选择模型,在此基础上,运用2004-2011年中国风险投资退出的季度数据考察了技术冲击和市场利率等因素变化对风险投资退出时机的影响。研究发现：（1）资源稀缺的程度与风险投资退出时机的选择有着非常紧密的联系;（2）市场利率的变化对风险投资的退出行为的影响具有不对称性：市场利率下降可能会导致风险投资加速退出质量较差的风险企业,同时却更长时间地持有质量较好的风险企业;（3）技术进步会增加风险企业的数量,提高风险投资市场上风险企业的平均质量,加速风险投资退出。     

风险投资退出时机研究

信息不对称是风险投资运作过程中的重要特征,而退出环节的信息不对称的表现形式不仅与其它环节相似,而且还有其特殊性.不同类型的信息不对称从不同的角度影响风险投资的退出时机.风险投资家在退出过程中必须以企业当前的状态为基础,结合风险资金市场供求和已确定的退出方式,准确把握风险投资运作过程中各种信息不对称的状况,选择能最大化其退出收益的最优退出时机.     

The exit decision in the European venture capital market

This article analyses the exit decision in the European venture capital market, studying when to exit and how it interacts with the exit form. Using a competing risks model we study the impact on the exit decision of the characteristics of venture capital investors, of their investments and of contracting variables. Our results reveals that the hazard functions are non-monotonic for all exit forms and suggest that, in Europe, Initial Public Offering candidates take longer to be selected than trade sales. Moreover our results show that, in Europe, venture capitalists associated with financial institutions have quicker exits (stronger for trade sales), and highlight the importance of contracting variables on the exit decision. An unexpected result is that the presence on the board of directors leads to longer investment durations.     

Venture capital funds and the public equity market

This paper considers the relationship between the public equity market and the returns to venture investing using a dataset which is derived from the records of two large limited partners who have been investing in venture capital for almost 30 years. Evidence is found to suggest that market conditions over the investment cycle, and exit conditions at the time of exit in particular, are an important determinant. This paper also investigates whether any other aspects of the venture investment process respond to events in the broader market. While general trends are evident in the venture investment cycle, only the intensity of the investment process is found to respond to events in the public equity market.     

Is a VC Partnership Greater Than the Sum of Its Partners?

This paper investigates whether individual venture capitalists have repeatable investment skill and the extent to which their skill is impacted by the venture capital (VC) firm where they work. We examine a unique data set that tracks the performance of individual venture capitalists' investments over time and as they move between firms. We find evidence of skill and exit style differences even among venture partners investing at the same VC firm at the same time. Furthermore, our estimates suggest the partners' human capital is two to five times more important than the VC firm's organizational capital in explaining performance.     

养老基金参与风险投资问题探讨

本结合中外风险投资的融资现状，指出了一国的金融体制对其风险投资发展具有重要的影响，讨论了养老基金参与英美风险投资业的原因，得出了养老基金是风险投资的天然资本供给以及我国的养老基金必将成为我国风险投资业的主要投资的结论。