税收超额负担分析

税收超额负担是税收效率分析的核心，它可以借助于消费者剩余和生产者剩余及无差异曲线进行分析，分析过程应更关注征税引起的价格变动的替代效应。我国现行主体税种都不同程度地破坏了各种市场资源配置的均衡条件，降低了经济运行效率，产生了超额负担。     

我国税收超额负担：国际比较与优化路径

在我国税收规模连年高速增长,税收负担是否过重热议的背景下,从税收超额负担的视角对各国税收效率进行了比较,并测算了全面减税和对间接税减税两种政策的经济效应。结果表明,中国的税收超额负担处于中等水平,但仍存在减税增效的空间;对间接税减税的结构性减税政策能更好的符合稳物价、调结构的政策目标。     

"中性税收"范畴集的再造与理论推想

"中性税收"范畴是西方税收理论的核心内容。本文在剖析西方"中性税收"范畴理论局限性的基础上,以"超额税收与税收超额负担"概念为基础,提出了新的"中性税收"范畴集。新的"中性税收"涵盖适度税收、效率税收、宪政税收的基本特征,这一理论框架具有更强的理论包容性与政策应用性。     

居民企业之间股息红利兔税的若干疑问解读

为了体现税收效率和中性原则，有利于资源的有效配置，要使税收的超额负担尽可能小。税法规定，符合条件的居民企业之间的股息、红利等权益性投资收益为免税收入，消除对居民企业之间股息、红利的重复征税。     

建立和完善我国教育税收机制的思考

本文分析了我国目前存在的公共教育经费投入不足、资源配置不合理、教育发展不平衡等问题,着眼于教育财政的成本负担、运行效率和资源配置等方面来探讨教育税收综合机制的完善问题,以期对建立适合我国国情的教育税收调控机制有所裨益。     

中国证券市场超额税负或早已进入"拉弗禁区"

本文认为,在虚拟经济领域,政府也应该坚持量能负担原则,依据金融市场个体与整体的负担能力进行课税,不能课及税本。并进一步从理论的角度,阐释了金融市场超额税收所造成的负面效应;从实证的角度,剖析了中国证券市场超额税收的问题,提出了减轻证券市场超额税负的路径。     

导读

"中性税收"范畴集是指税收中性原则以及税收超额负担等系列相关概念,是西方税收理论的核心内容。这一理论是否完全科学合理?是否具有局限性?如何对其局限性进行再造?《"中性税收"范畴集的再造与理论推想》一文在剖析西方"中性税收"范畴理论局限性的基础上,以"超额税收与税收超额负     

企业所得税超额负担归宿的一般均衡分析

征收企业所得税使得两部门资本要素的边际生产率不同,扭曲了资本市场的资源配置,造成了经济体的实际收入损失(即超额负担)。该实际收入损失相应地降低了社会需求,社会需求又影响要素相对价格,最终影响企业所得税超额负担的归宿。研究表明,劳动要素承担了企业所得税所带来的大部分超额负担。     

试论税收效率的不同层次及其实现

税收的经济效率包含三个层次的内容：在宏观层次上应优化资源的宏观配置，保持社会总供求的均衡并推动经济增长；在中观层次上应保持经济结构协调；在微观层次上应尽可能减轻经济主体的超额负担。与此相对应，政府应采取相应的税收政策以保证税收经济效率三个层次上得以实现。     

基于中国实践的产权税收理论框架及应用

产权与税收之间存在着密切的关联性和互动关系,税收存在的前提条件是产权的存在。本文阐释了产权税收理论的基本框架,论证了税收、产权制度对资源配置效率的影响作用,剖析了企业边界的税收约束,并基于中国实践构建产权型税制体系,探索税收负担的产权安排范式。     

瑞典税收制度及借鉴

瑞典税制有宏观税负高、税源监控严密、税制"绿色"程度高等特点。高税负支撑着瑞典的高福利,却也造成了瑞典经济效率的损失。我国应借鉴瑞典税制的成功经验,着重强化税收法制建设,提高税制"绿色"水平,建立健全纳税信用体系,加强税收征管工作等。     

The welfare loss from differential taxation of sectors in Germany

In the spirit of Harberger, we apply a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and estimate the excess burden stemming from the tax-induced distortion in the allocation of capital across the corporate and the non-corporate sectors in Germany. In doing so, we perform a counterfactual analysis and ask how the allocation of capital across sectors would change compared with a sector-neutral tax system which assures an identical effective tax burden on both sectors. Our estimates suggest that the excess burden per-period amounts to approximately 2.2 billion Euros or to about 0.1 per cent of GDP. In present value terms, the excess burden translates to about 89 billion Euros or 4.0 per cent of GDP. In order to identify the impact of the firm’s financial behaviour on the size of the emerging excess burden, we perform several sensitivity analyses with regard to debt financing, external equity financing and debt constraints via agency cost.     

新企业所得税法的公平与效率

公平原则和效率原则是税法的基本原则。我国企业所得税法的统一在诸多层面体现了税法的公平和效率原则。本文通过对公平和效率原则的分析,探讨了我国企业所得税制度的历史变迁,分析了其在实现公平和效率方面的得失以及价值选择,着重研究了企业所得税法在纳税人、效率、税收优惠以及反避税等方面对公平和效率原则的回应及时代意义。     

税收效率思想发展演进及其前沿研究

税收效率研究的理论前提是经济效率的实现,亚当·斯密最早系统地阐述了税收效率思想,以后的西方学者分别从税收经济效率、税收超税负担、税收征管效率以及税收制度效率等方面对税收效率进行了研究.西方税收效率演进过程启示我们,对税收效率的研究不能仅局于经济层面,特别是在经济转型期,面对各种社会矛盾的出现,税收制度在平衡各种社会矛盾和利益冲突方面应该发挥其重要作用.要建立公平优先、兼顾效率的税收理念,通过深化税制改革,实现社会经济的可持续发展.     

How much does tax erode fund excess returns?

We model the tax drag from active fund management based on reported monthly holdings of active equity funds. Tax drag erodes 65 percent of the 0.74 percent excess return in Broad Market funds, but only 21 percent of the 1.80 percent excess return in Small-Cap funds for Australian superannuation (pension) fund investors. Tax drag varies with investment style; market state, which is most detrimental during bull markets; and fund turnover. For high-income individual investors, tax drag is exacerbated to the extent that active management only generates meaningful after-tax excess return for Small-Cap funds of certain styles.     

IAS/IFRS in Belgium: Quantitative analysis of the impact on the tax burden of companies

The adoption of International Accounting Standards and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) in the European Union is part of the European Commission's global tax harmonisation policy whose aim is to establish a common (consolidated) corporate tax base. The paper shows that the impact of an IAS/IFRS-based tax accounting on the effective tax burden of Belgian companies is large and not uniform across sectors. Some sectors, like construction and automotive vehicles, experience much larger increases in effective tax burdens than others. Globally the impact is relatively important. The analysis is conducted using the European Tax Analyzer (ETA), a multi-period forward looking program. In a European context, an IAS/IFRS-based tax accounting will increase the effective corporate tax burdens in all selected countries. However, it will most probably maintain the current tax competitive positions of EU countries. The expected broadening of the tax base could constitute an opportunity to reduce the corporate income tax rate without changing the overall effective burden.     

Tax Havens,Tax Evasion and Tax Information Exchange Agreements in the OECD

Using data on Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI), we find a positive relationship between higher tax burden and OECD residents’ tax evasion, especially via tax havens. Contrary to established investor preference for certain country characteristics, we find they are less important to tax evaders who value privacy and want to remain undetected by their home tax authorities. We find very limited evidence that OECD Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEAS) reduce tax evasion, controlling for other determinants of overall OECD FPI. Without the US in the OECD sample, tax havens play a lesser role and OECD policies appear to make a marginal impact.     

How Much Do Taxes Discourage Incorporation?

The double taxation of corporate income should discourage firms from incorporating. We investigate the extent to which the aggregate allocation of assets and taxable income in the United States between corporate and noncorporate firms responds to the size of this tax distortion during the period 1959–1986. In theory, profitable firms should shift out of the corporate sector when the tax distortion is large, and conversely for firms with tax losses. Our empirical results provide strong support for these forecasts, and imply that the resulting excess burden equals 16 percent of business tax revenue.     

加拿大税收信用体系中的"自我遵从"和"失信惩戒"

加拿大是个高税负的国家,同时,它又是一个税法遵从度非常高的国家。加拿大的税收征管体制是建立在纳税人"自我遵从"的基础之上,这得益于其完善的税收信用管理体制。本文介绍了加拿大税收信用体系的基本情况,并探讨了其对我国税收信用体系建设的借鉴意义。