信托业务基本会计理论问题探索

随着信托业“一法两规”的颁布实施 ,信托产品相继问世 ,建立健全信托业务会计制度成为亟待解决的问题。目前信托业务的会计核算除《金融企业会计制度》第十四章“信托业务”以外 ,财政部还没有出台系统的核算制度。本文从信托业务会计概念、信托业务会计目标、信托业务会计假设、信托业务会计要素四个方面进行了探索性的研究 ,为科学制定信托业务会计核算制度提供参考。     

制定《信托业务会计核算办法》应关注的几个问题

信托业务在我国还是一个新兴行业,而2002年1月1日颁布的《金融企业会计制度》对信托业务的描述又较少,造成了目前信托业务会计核算上没有一个统一的规范。制定统一的信托业务会计核算办法是当务之急。对于信托业这一特殊行业,在制定信托业务会计核算办法时,我们应依据《中华人民共和国信托法》、《信托投资公司管理办法》、《信托投资公司资金信托管理暂行办法》,既考虑信托业务的特殊性,又兼顾会计核算的统一性,真正发挥《信托业务会计核算办法》对全国信托业务会计核算的规范指导作用。     

信托融入民法典的逻辑理据与体例选择

信托制度不同于传统的民商事法律制度,无论是运行机制还是财产权结构,信托都具有相当大的特殊性。由于其重要性以及制度的特殊性,很多民法典都通过不同模式、不同角度对信托制度进行相应的逻辑表达。出于民法典的体系化、系统化以及现代性和国际化的需要及考量,我国民法典也应将信托纳入其中。这种纳入既要在分则中体现也要在总则中体现,在民法典分则中,应采取特殊制度规范模式,将信托安排在物权和债法之间或者物权和债法之后并单独作为一编。在民法典总则中,信托应该在民事主体和民事权利部分予以体现,民事主体部分应对商业信托有所提及,民事权利部分应该涵盖信托财产权利。     

我国信托产品创新述评

金融创新主要包括制度创新，组织创新和产品创新。这三个层次既互相联系，互相推动，又可在一定范围内，一定时间内独立发生。2001年10月开始实施的《信托法》、2002年6月实施的《信托投资公司管理办法》和7月实施的《信托投资公司资金信托管理暂行办法》是近期内我国金融制度创新的一大体现，重新核准登记的信托投资公司能否做好组织创新和产品创新是保证制度创新获取认可的重要前提。     

论金融制度创新中的信托优势

本文从当前我国金融面临的制度性缺陷入手，分析了信托在金融制度创新方面的独特优势，总结了2002年我国金融信托发展面临的突出问题，提出了在当前分业经营的金融模式下，把信托创新作为金融制度创新的突破口，重视并增强金融信托机构在推进金融制度创新中的地位和作用，同时坚持以市场为导向，正确处理金融监管与信托创新的关系，并借鉴国外经验，加快实施《信托法》所需的配套制度建设等政策建议。     

执行《信托业务会计核算办法》的几个问题

2005年1月5日,财政部发布了《信托业务会计核算办法》,并于发布之日起,以信托项目为对象,在涉及信托业务的所有相关单位(包括委托人、受托人、受益人)施行。此前,信托业务会计执行的是2000年财政部制定的《金融企业会计制度》(涵盖了银行、保险、信托投资、证券四个行业)。但由于信托业务会计核算的特殊性,会计要素及会计核算方法都与其他金融企业有所不同,从而导致信托业务缺乏统一、规范的会计制度约束。会计实务中,尽管信托公司对于信托和非信托业务大多实行了分账核算,但信托业务会计基本上还是以《金融企业会计制度》为基础,无论在科目…     

我国金融信托业可持续发展的基本思路

自1979年恢复金融信托业务以来，我国金融信托业经历了五次大的治理整顿。随着“一法两规”的颁布实施和中国信托业协会的成立，金融信托业目前正处于一个相对较好的发展时期。从行业发展的实践与规律来看，为避免金融信托业重复走入“发展——整顿——再发展——再整顿”的怪圈，必须树立可持续发展之观念。实现金融信托业的可持续发展，关键在于认识并发挥行业的独特比较优势，确立科学的市场功能定位，创造适应经济发展的信托市场与有效的信托产品供给，以及建立完善的分层次法规体系。     

开曼信托法律制度研究

凭借发达的立法和司法制度,兼具灵活性与保密性的开曼信托法律制度越来越受到人们青睐.开曼的信托立法主要包括《信托法》、《反欺诈法》、《永续法》以及《涉外信托法》等,受托人制度是开曼信托法的核心.开曼信托当事人主要包括委托人、受托人、受益人和信托保护人,信托类型主要包括酌情信托、固定收益信托、慈善信托、特别信托和豁免信托等.开曼信托法律制度灵活,可实现多种信托目的,包括遗产、个人、金融、税务或者其他商业目的.     

信托业发展的二大趋势及新思路

在新的经济金融环境下，我国信托业出现了二种发展趋势，即信托公司的边缘化趋势和其他金融机构争抢信托业务的趋势。根据金融混业经营的大趋势和我国国情，我国应逐步对外开放信托业，减少国内信托公司的数量，实行统一的游戏规则和监管制度，适度发展其他金融机构经营信托产品。     

政策导向与信托投资市场初探

“一法两规”的颁布实施，为我国信托业步入新的发展阶段奠定了良好的政策基础，但是由于相关配套政策缺失，如与信托相关的税收制度、信托财产登记制度等，以及信托产品的流通问题等，一定程度上抑制了信托业的发展。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…