企业社会责任税收优惠制度的税法正当性分析

企业社会责任是企业社会化的优良结晶,是社会文明进步的标志.从法律的主体规制角度,企业社会责任是指企业不仅应为股东利益最大化,而且应最大化利益相关者和非利益相关者的社会利益,包括企业股东责任、企业利益相关者责任、企业非利益相关者责任.税法社会职能和税法浓厚的道德性使其与企业社会责任完美契合,税收优惠制度是两者契合的"媒介".企业社会责任税收优惠制度具有社会价值正当性,但须接受税法法律价值-税收公平主义原则的考量,方具有税法正当性.税法正当性标准包括:公共利益考量、公共利益考量之必要、税收法定主义原则.以此标准考察我国企业社会责任税收优惠制度的税法正当性,并以此重构我国税收优惠制度的税法正当性,实现企业社会责任税收优惠制度规范与价值的统一、法律效果与社会效果的统一.     

企业社会责任与实际税负的相关性研究北大核心CSSCI

本文以2010-2014年上市公司为研究对象,发现企业社会责任与实际税负之间存在着负向关系,即社会责任好的企业支付更少的税费,相当于社会责任履行获得的好处;而社会责任差的企业则需要缴纳更多的税费,以便支持政府公共事业。这一方面说明了税收优惠政策在企业社会责任方面的有效性,另一方面也说明了企业社会责任与税费支付两者存在互为替代的关系。同时,发现政府压力对企业社会责任与实际税负两者关系具有调节作用,政府压力小的地区的上市公司企业社会责任与实际税负的负向关系更显著。     

城市群对地方税收竞争的影响——来自两区制面板空间杜宾模型的证据

本文采用两区制空间杜宾模型,以中国国家级城市群为对象,考察经济集聚是否会对地方政府的税收竞争行为产生异质性影响.研究发现,中国城市群城市的税收竞争反应系数显著小于非城市群城市,经济集聚有助于缓解地方政府的税收竞争行为.机制检验的结果表明,城市群产生的经济集聚效应为企业提供了"集聚租金",从而对区域内的企业形成了"锁定"效应,使城市群城市无需通过实施过度的税收优惠等措施来减轻宏观税负以吸引资本流入,因而可以降低其参与税收竞争的力度.本文认为,可以通过成立城市群内部跨行政区域的税收管理和协调组织等措施,深化并创新城市群的税收合作与协调,提升城市群的集聚优势,以高效务实的合作改变地方政府对税收竞争的依赖.     

浅谈施工企业税收筹划的策略性安排

税收筹划是纳税人在法律允许范围内,通过对经营、投资、理财等经济活动进行事先筹划和安排,以充分利用税法优惠制度和差别待遇,从而达到减轻税负提高经济效益的活动。施工企业从事建筑工程、安装工程等施工活动,施工周期长、产品固定多样,其生产经营性质的特殊性决定了施工企业税收筹划有着独有的特点。本文通过对相关税法政策的分析,对施工企业税收筹划策略进行了探讨。     

浅谈施工企业税收筹划的策略性安排

税收筹划是纳税人在法律允许范围内,通过对经营、投资、理财等经济活动进行事先筹划和安排,以充分利用税法优惠制度和差别待遇,从而达到减轻税负提高经济效益的活动。施工企业从事建筑工程、安装工程等施工活动,施工周期长、产品固定多样,其生产经营性质的特殊性决定了施工企业税收筹划有着独有的特点。本文通过对相关税法政策的分析,对施工企业税收筹划策略进行了探讨。     

税收激励如何促进企业社会责任履行?——基于前瞻性有效税率的实证检验

承担企业社会责任是高质量发展阶段下企业生存与发展的基础。减税降费作为调控经济、激发市场活力的重要政策工具,其根本目的在于应对经济下行,增强企业生存能力与发展动力。本文以我国2010-2019年A股上市公司为样本,探究税收激励对企业社会责任履行的影响,并从宏微观、主客观和内外部多维度厘清其影响机制。研究发现：税收激励能显著促进企业履行社会责任,且提高内部管理层情绪与缓解外部融资约束是主要作用机制;进一步分析表明,税收激励对企业社会责任的促进作用在制度环境较差地区及非国有企业中更为显著。本文研究为政府推动企业社会责任履行提供政策启示,有助于增强企业履行社会责任的主观能动性,助力我国经济与社会的高质量发展。     

财政集权、政府控制与企业税负——来自中国的证据

本文检验了政府控制与企业税负的关系。由于流转税实际上构成了我国企业税负的主要部分,我们建立了一个新的企业税负衡量指标,将企业流转税税负纳入考虑范围。我们发现国企税负低于非国企。国企中,地方国企税负高于央企,并且地方政府层级越低,其控制的企业税负越高。我们认为,这与我国目前高度集权的财政体制下地方政府的"税收竞争"和"税收攫取"行为有关。我们还发现,本文结果源自企业在税收返还和增值税税负上的差异。     

浅谈企业经营活动中的税收筹划

税收筹划是指企业在税法允许的范围内，利用税收优惠和税收倾斜政策，结合自身情况，对投资、筹资、收准则分配等经营活动进行事先筹划和安排，以达到降低税负、实现经济效益最大化的行为，税收筹划在西方企业中运用较早，在我国尚处于起步阶段，由于它具有在税法允许范围内节省税负，减少现金流出的作用，将逐步为广大财会人员所熟知，为广大企业所采用。     

税收增速减缓与地方税收竞争——基于省际面板数据的考察

本文通过理论分析明确了地方政府税收竞争对税收增长的影响机制。以此为基础,利用我国省际面板数据所做的实证研究显示,地方政府的税收竞争强度每提高0.01,全部税收、中央税收征收额和地方税收征收额分别下降0.64、0.71、0.60个百分点。为了进一步缓解地方政府经济增长激励与维护税法严肃性之间的矛盾,中央政府应逐步提高财产税收入所占的比重,将地方政府的税收竞争主要限制在财产税范围内。     

浅议反有害税收竞争

一、什么是有害税收竞争税收竞争是指各国、地区、政府通过降低税率、增加税收优惠等方式,以减少纳税人的税收负担,从而吸引流动资本、流动贸易等流动性生产要素的经济行为。它可分为国内税收竞争和国际税收竞争。前者指一国范围内各级政府之间的税收竞争,后者指不同国家之间的税收竞争。税收竞争通过差别效应来体现。这种差别效应既体现在同一课税对象国际间税负水平上,又体现在同一课税对象在国内地区行业之间。由于国际税收竞争涉及到不同国家之间的利益分配问题,并影响着不同国家的经济发展和社会福利的提高,因而倍受关注。这里的"有害税收竞争"正是与国际     

CSR可义利兼顾

来自外界的压力开启了企业社会责任运动的先河,也正是由于社会的广泛关注,给予了企业促使其履行社会责任的更强大动力。随着CSR的不断深入和环境保护意识的逐渐增强,发布企业社会责任报告的企业逐渐增多,更多的研究结果肯定了企业履行社会责任的正向作用。投资者也倾向于使用企业社会责任报告,以便更好地估计企业未来的收益,减少潜在的不确定性。"一份好的企业社会责任报告能够为投资者进行决策提供很多信息。"     

企业社会责任管理中的风险控制研究──以BJNY集团的环境、健康和安全管理为例

社会成就企业,企业回报社会。企业作为社会的一个单元,应承担相应的社会责任。风险是对实现目标产生影响的各种不确定因素,是未来事件发生的可能性及其影响结果的组合,会造成实际结果与预期目标的差异。企业可能因社会责任问题导致经济损失、法律风险、道德缺失等,使企业难以持续发展。本文基于智能风险管理理念,运用先进的风险评估技术,构建了企业社会责任管理框架,并以BJNY集团的环境、健康和安全管理为例,分析了该框架在企业社会责任管理风险控制方面的具体运用。     

The institutionalisation of unaccountability: Loading the dice of Corporate Social Responsibility discourse

This paper reports on an in-depth empirical study into recent government-led Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives in Spain. It is found, based on interviews and document analysis, that processes of stakeholder consultation relating to these initiatives are characterised by debate and a plurality of different viewpoints. However, this polyphony can be contrasted sharply with the institutional outcomes of these processes. Institutional outcomes represent the viewpoints of only a subset of the actors involved in the stakeholder consultation processes. It is consequently inferred that stakeholder consultation processes serve problematic functions: on one level, these processes legitimise dominant discourses on CSR by giving the impression that the latter are the outcome of a democratic dialogue that is free from power relations; on another level, these processes themselves show to heretic social actors the futility of their heresy and thus encourage those actors to actively adopt the dominant discourse. We conclude that business capture of Corporate Social Responsibility is ingrained into institutional processes in that domain. This raises serious questions regarding the potential for civil society actors to engage with and move the signifier of Corporate Social Responsibility in a more challenging direction.     

公司特征与公司社会责任信息披露——来自我国上市公司的经验证据

本文在自愿性信息披露的研究框架下,结合公司社会责任理论,对我国上市公司的公司特征与公司社会责任信息披露之间关系进行了实证分析。文章选取了1999年到2004年在上海和深圳证券交易所上市交易的石化塑胶行业的A股公司作为研究样本,通过对年报进行内容分析,构建了公司社会责任信息披露指数。实证检验发现:(1)规模越大、盈利能力越好的公司越倾向于披露公司社会责任信息;(2)公司财务杠杆和再融资需求不影响公司社会责任信息披露;(3)包括上市地点和披露期间在内的披露环境对公司社会责任信息披露有显著影响。文章还对公司社会责任信息的提供者、使用者和监管者提出了建议。     

Corporate misconduct,media coverage,and stock returns

This study examines the impact of increased investor attention to corporate misconduct (CM) on stock returns. We show that media coverage provides an important channel through which investor awareness of corporate wrongdoings can be enhanced. Using a unique research setting in Korea based on text analysis during the 2008–2020 period, we find that investors exhibit short-term adverse reactions to CM events. More importantly, the increased social awareness of CM issues through media coverage leads investors to penalize firms more severely. We also find that the adverse reaction to CM events is more prominent for firms with a greater negative media tone and surprise. The combined evidence supports the investor attention theory. Furthermore, the negative effects of CM on stock returns are smaller for firms with positive Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reputations, consistent with the insurance theory.     

Social impact disclosure and corporate annual reports

Corporate Social Responsibility may be clarified by utilizing the economic concept of externalities. The line-by-line prose in annual reports throws some light on the intensity and nature of these activities. Two independent tests support the concept that annual reports may for some purposes be considered a reasonable surrogate for real activity. Annual reports from eighty-two food-processing corporations are used as a data base to illuminate corporate social responsibility activities, as well as the nature of current disclosure patterns.     

Corporate Social Responsibility,Institutional Environments,and Tax Avoidance: Evidence from a Subnational Comparison in China

We examine the association between mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure and economic contribution (tax payments) in China, where we expect this association to be affected by a region's institutional attributes. Exploiting a dataset that shows cross-regional variations in institutions, we find that in regions with lower institutional quality, firms claiming to be socially responsible actually avoid taxes, whereas CSR disclosure in other regions is more aligned with the social responsibility aspect of tax compliance. Our study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that in the absence of proper institutions, CSR disclosure is likely to remain a form of window dressing.     

Media,reputational risk,and bank loan contracting

We investigate how reputational risk arising from traditional and online media coverage of Corporate Social Irresponsibility (CSI) conducts affects the cost of borrowing and what are the factors that can mitigate or amplify this effect. First, we find that negative media attention increases bank loan costs and show that this result is robust to endogeneity concerns and alternative measures of key variables. Next, we find that the impact of negative media attention on bank loan costs is more severe if the misconduct involves borrowers with prior high Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reputations, while it is smaller when prior lending relationships exist between the lead arranger and the borrower.     

完善我国社会保障财政制度的法律思考

财政作为社会保障的核心组织者和保障资金的重要提供者，在社会保障中起有着十分重要而独特的作用。本文分析了建立和完善我国社会保障财政制度的必要性，并从社会保障预算、社会保障税、社会保障财政转移支付三个方面对我国社会保障财政制度的法律完善进行了探讨。     

El desempeño económico financiero y responsabilidad social corporativa Petrobrás versus Repsol

Alterations in the institutional environment, as a result of the markets integration process and the consequent alterations in stakeholders’ conduct are one of the important vectors of changes in companies’ behavior. In that context, in addition to their yields those companies happen to worry about their attitudes in relation to social and environmental factors. Thus, the corporate social responsibility (CSR) is seen as one more strategy to maintain or increase their income and to harness the enterprise development. The main purpose of this study is the verification of the existing relation between Social Responsibility and the economic and financial performance of two companies in the business of Petroleum, Gas and Bio-combustibles. The investigation was based on a comparison of social-environmental practices developed by Petrobras S/A (Brazil) and Repsol S/A (Spain). For the purpose of verification of the relation between social-environmental performance and the economic-financial one, a linear regression analysis was carried out.