基于网络分析法的我国银行间风险传染效应研究

本文基于2012年我国115家商业银行的同业资产和同业负债数据,运用网络传导分析法评估了单家银行的异质性风险对整个银行体系的传染效应。结果发现:考虑到联合冲击因素并调减银行部门的资本金水平时,部分银行的异质性风险触发系统性金融风险并非是极端小概率事件。这表明,近年来我国银行业同业业务的较快发展,导致了银行体系具有潜在的脆弱性。另外,从风险传染的角度来看,大型国有商业银行、政策性银行及部分股份制商业银行具有系统重要性。对少数总资产规模较大的银行施加金融安全网保护,能有效抑制金融风险传染效应。为防范银行机构的道德风险问题,金融监管机构可以基于风险传染效应的评估,最大程度地降低对金融机构的救助范围。     

基于复杂网络的银企间信贷风险传染机制研究

本文基于复杂网络理论,构建了银企间通过信贷和产权关系形成的金融网络,利用信贷资产的信用转移矩阵和银行的资产负债表建立了银企间信贷风险传染的动态模型。通过理论推导和仿真模拟,本文系统分析了影响风险传染规模的各种因素以及系统重要性银行和不同风险传染渠道在信贷风险传染中所起的作用。研究表明:初始经济冲击、资产的市场流动性和违约损失率与风险传染效应间存在正相关关系,网络规模与风险传染呈现非单调的关系;随着网络规模的扩大,风险传染效应先增加后减小;系统重要性银行受到冲击时引发的传染规模远大于一般银行;随着金融系统总损失的不断增加,银行间的风险传染渠道逐渐居于主导地位。     

我国金融机构系统性金融风险度量与跨部门风险溢出效应研究

本文采用VaR、MES、CoVaR以及ΔCoVaR四类风险测度方法,对我国A股56家上市金融机构和房地产公司的系统性金融风险展开研究,并结合前沿的风险溢出网络方法,从静态与动态两个研究角度考察了我国金融风险的跨部门传染。研究结果表明,四种风险测度指标均能准确识别出我国金融部门风险集聚的尾部事件,而且金融体系整体上存在较为明显的跨部门风险传染效应。此外,本文研究发现,我国系统性风险溢出水平逐年攀升,且传染中心在“银行钱荒”、“股市熔断机制”等事件中发生了相应改变,其中,在“钱荒事件”中,银行部门等成为了风险传染的发源地;而在“熔断机制”事件中,房地产与证券部门则成为风险传染的网络中心。在此基础上,我们提出了完善我国金融风险防范体系与监管机制的若干建议,使得本文研究对于“防范跨市场、跨产品、跨机构的风险传染”具有重要的学术价值与现实意义。     

基于同业投资回报的银行系统性风险传染过程分析

在利用复杂网络相关知识构建银行系统的有向加权复杂网络模型的基础上,考虑银行同业投资回报对系统性风险的影响,研究了银行系统在遭受随机冲击后的风险传染过程,并通过模拟仿真解释了银行系统性风险传染的整个过程。     

银行新型同业业务的潜在风险传染效应研究

近年来,我国商业银行同业业务规模大幅增长,其中部分新型同业业务在加大银行杠杆和期限错配等风险的同时,还可能通过风险的传染加剧银行系统性风险。鉴于此,本文对新型同业业务的潜在风险传染机制及效应进行了研究。文章在"Allen-Gale银行间风险传染模型"的基础上对新型同业业务的风险传染机制进行了理论解释,并运用矩阵法对2008年年末及2013年6月末银行同业业务的风险传染效应进行了测算和比较分析。研究结果表明,商业银行新型同业业务存在风险传染效应。其中,相比2008年年末,2013年6月末国有大型银行对同业资产损失的吸收能力有所加强,风险传染效应有所减弱;股份制银行的情况则与之相反。最后,本文基于研究结论提出了相应的政策建议。     

银行和企业间风险的反馈循环研究 ——一个文献综述

国际金融危机以来,银行和企业之间的风险传染问题逐渐受到学术界重视,并产生了一系列研究成果.在当前国内外不确定性显著上升的背景下,银行和企业间发生风险传染的可能性增大,严重威胁金融稳定和安全.因此,研究二者之间风险的反馈循环对于防范系统性金融风险具有重要意义.基于此,本文系统梳理了银行和企业之间风险传染的相关研究,着重从传染的界定、理论机制、研究方法及结论等方面进行归纳和评述,并就此对未来研究方向进行展望.     

银行间风险传导机制和传染效应研究——基于SIR传染病模型

本文借鉴医学中经典的传染病模型,构建符合银行间风险传染的数学模型,并通过matlab软件的仿真模拟描述风险在银行间的传染机制,从银行的传染率、治愈率、免疫率和破产率角度对风险传染效应的影响进行分析.仿真模拟的结果表明:提高银行自身的抗风险能力和监管部门及时采取救助措施能有效控制风险的爆发和扩散;必要的退出政策虽不能治理风险,但在一定程度上能够抑制风险的传播;银行提高自我调节能力并降低与高危银行间的关联度对银行系统健康稳定持续发展起到关键作用.     

系统性风险在银行间的传染路径研究——基于持有共同资产网络模型北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文将系统重要性银行、系统脆弱性银行及传染风险等指标有机结合,提出并度量了系统重要性传染路径指标。系统重要性传染路径以风险生成银行为起点,以风险承受银行为终点,从微观机构角度刻画了系统性风险在风险生成银行与风险承受银行之间的传染,兼具深入理解系统性风险的生成机制及直接面向金融监管实践的优点。本文通过实证发现,银行体系的系统性风险总体呈上升趋势,系统性风险和各家银行的系统重要性程度均与规模因素具有较强的正相关关系。风险生成银行往往是那些遭受外生冲击较大、具有高度传染性的系统重要性银行,风险承受银行则通常是遭受外生冲击较小、且与风险生成银行持有资产结构类似(高度关联性)的系统重要性银行。本文对系统重要性传染路径指标的影响因素分析进一步论证了上述结论,并通过敏感性分析论证了多轮传染和资产价格相关性等改进的必要性。     

中小企业集群互助担保融资风险传染模型应用研究

长期以来,互助担保过程中大量逆向选择的存在以及外部约束机制的缺失,造成集群企业不断蕴育风险,并产生风险传染效应。本文从"复杂网络"理论角度出发,基于中小企业集群互助担保网络风险传染与流行病传播的特征相似性,选择SIRS模型构建风险传染模型,并分析各模型参数在风险传染过程中的作用及影响。本文通过提取"天煜建设"案例数据设定模型参数,对SIRS模型进行动态仿真模拟,从降低有效传染率和提高风险阈值两个角度控制传染效应,对中小企业预防控制集群互助担保融资违约风险的传染具有实践意义。     

银行系统性风险传染机制的研究与实证——基于资产价格波动视角

本文从资产价格波动的视角,通过对不同市场中银行资产价格变动的分析,构建相应资产价格模型,阐述银行系统性风险的传染机制理论。并采用动态面板数据模型对中国2006～2009年的数据进行检验,得出结论:银行不良资产是影响银行系统性风险的重要因素,不良资产的增加导致银行贷款规模下降。本文的研究,对进一步理解银行系统性风险传染的微观基础,防范和抑制系统性风险传染,减少银行业损失具有一定的理论和现实意义。     

Systemic Risk in the Chinese Shadow Banking System: A Sector-Level Perspective

We propose to measure the systemic risk in the shadow banking sector. Instead of testing how many institutions will fail due to the initial breakdown of one institution as extant network models do, we associate the systemic risk of one shadow banking sector with the total amount of unexpected losses it might generate both directly and indirectly. Our model focuses on balance sheet contagion and applies a loop algorithm to risk transfer. The result shows that trust companies were the main culprit of financial instability and commercial banks assumed the main risks over 2007–12 in the Chinese shadow banking system.     

Emerging themes in banking: Recent literature and directions for future research

This paper presents a review of the recent banking literature centred on the core themes of performance, risk and governance of financial institutions. We write this review against the backdrop of the recent financial crisis and the major changes it caused to banking sectors in many countries. Several themes emerge, but the overarching issue relates to the need to better understand bank risk-taking incentives and the implications for systemic stability. Specifically, there is a need for more work on: the role of safety net subsidies and how these relate to systemic risk; financial innovation and the adoption of new products and processes; and how innovative behaviour links to risk-taking, market returns and contagion. Future research could also be directed to provide a better understanding of the inter-connections between competition, capital, profitability, liquidity and risk.     

宏观审慎政策协调能否抑制国际性银行危机传染？——基于跨境金融关联视角的实证研究

本文基于跨境金融关联视角对宏观审慎政策能否抑制国际性银行危机传染这一重要的理论与实践问题进行了实证研究。选取亚洲金融危机和全球金融危机时期遭受冲击的10个代表性国家作为样本,构建Logit模型和多元回归模型探讨本国及具有金融关联的国家协调实施宏观审慎政策对本国系统性银行危机传染的影响。研究表明,具有金融关联的国家出现金融危机会显著增加本国系统性银行危机的发生概率,具有金融关联的国家实施宏观审慎政策对本国信贷的影响比对房价的影响更明显,本国及具有金融关联的国家协调实施宏观审慎政策会显著降低本国系统性银行危机的发生概率。在调整银行危机指标及考虑贸易关联和流动性风险的影响后,研究结果依然保持稳健。本文的研究结论揭示了加强宏观审慎政策协调有助于维护全球金融稳定,对于中国政策当局强化宏观审慎管理具有极其重要的政策含义。     

Contagion and banking crisis – International evidence for 2007–2009

Policy makers aim to avoid banking crises, and although they can to some extent control domestic conditions, internationally transmitted crises are difficult to tackle. This paper identifies international contagion in banking during the 2007–2009 crisis for 54 economies. We identify three channels of contagion – systematic, idiosyncratic and volatility – and find evidence for these in 45 countries. Banking crises are overwhelmingly associated with the presence of both systematic and idiosyncratic contagion. The results reveal that crisis shocks transmitted from a foreign jurisdiction via idiosyncratic contagion increase the likelihood of a systemic crisis in the domestic banking system by almost 37 percent, whereas increased exposure via systematic contagion does not necessarily destabilize the domestic banking system. Thus while policy makers and regulatory authorities are rightly concerned with the systematic transmission of banking crises, reducing the potential for idiosyncratic contagion can importantly reduce the consequences for the domestic economy.     

Contemporary issues in banking

This article introduces the special issue which provides a timely and comprehensive overview of advances in banking research. First we highlight some of the major developments in banking since the global financial crisis noting the changed operational and regulatory environment, industry reform and the greater emphasis on risk measurement and management. We then go on to outline the contributions contained in the special issue all of which add to the debate on the implications of significant industry reforms in the banking and financial services sector.     

Market efficiency, the Mexican peso crisis, and the US bank stock returns: An application of the event parameter method

This paper examines the impact of the 1994 Mexican peso crisis on US bank returns using an event parameter approach. The event parameter approach explicitly predicts the stochastic return generating process on the occurrence or nonoccurrence of specific events. The event parameter method assumes that only the intercept term may vary between the estimation and analysis periods. Specifically, this study will examine two pairs of hypotheses, new information vs. information leakage and rational pricing vs. investor contagion, in the context of the 1994 Mexican peso and banking crisis. The empirical results support the new information hypothesis, which states that US stock prices reacted quickly to events related to the Mexican peso crisis. This research has also found evidence for bank contagion, although these did not spill over to other banks. The US government and international agencies acted promptly to contain the effect of the Mexican peso and banking crisis spreading to the US and to other Latin American countries.     

Systemic risk and dynamics of contagion: a duplex inter-bank network

This paper constructs a duplex banking network formed by credit relationships and information interaction via the banks’ balance sheet to model the structure of systemic risk and investigate the dynamic mechanism of contagion in terms of default and liquidity infection along with the factors that affect the extent of the contagion. We systematically explain the role that duplex banking networks play in different aspects of risk contagion. Through theoretical analysis and simulations, we conclude that asymmetric information interaction would increase the inflexibility of the system, which leads to liquidity shortage and possibly the collapse of the whole market. The weakness of systemic risk in the interior of the complex banking system can be characterized by the partial discount factor using illiquid assets in the information network. By improving the connectedness of the information network of the duplex networks, the spread of contagion can be partially slowed.     

Islamic Banking Sustainability: A Review of Literature and Directions for Future Research

This study reviews literature on the Islamic banking sustainability and presents directions for future research. The article discourses scholars’ and practitioners’ views on the two perspectives of sustainability in relation to the objectives of Islamic banking and finance. That there are limited studies on Islamic banking sustainability is one of the major issues presented in the article. The study highlights essential issues on the sustainability without in-depth empirical analysis. The needs for long-term economic, social, and environmental sustainability are not a compromising issue. Therefore, Islamic banks must strike a balance between the institutional, societal, and environmental sustainability in order to achieve the objective of Sharia.     

The formation of financial networks

Modern banking systems are highly interconnected. Despite various benefits, linkages between banks carry the risk of contagion. In this article, I investigate whether banks can commit ex ante to mutually insure each other, when there is contagion risk in the financial system. I model banks' decisions to share this risk through bilateral agreements. A financial network that allows losses to be shared among various counterparties arises endogenously. I characterize the probability of systemic risk, defined as the event that contagion occurs conditional on one bank failing, in equilibrium interbank networks. I show that there exist equilibria in which contagion does not occur.     

On the Contagion Effect in the US Banking Sector

By using the spatial econometrics methodology, this paper investigates the contagion of the risk taking by banks in the US banking sector during 2001 to 2012. In addition, the contagion signals up to the Subprime crisis in 2008 are analyzed and different channels of contagion are studied in order to identify fragile groups of banks. Our analysis reveals that there is no significant contagion transmitted to the whole banking system. However, we observe that the bank contagion is significantly spread locally and for the group of banks that share similar characteristics related to size and bank regulations.