我国个税递延型商业养老保险政策模拟研究

本文利用养老金替代率等指标,构建养老保障水平测算模型,对我国个税递延型养老保险的保障水平进行定量分析。研究发现,现有政策条件下,EET模式和TEE模式的个税递延型养老保险保障水平都不高,不同收入、不同性别群体的养老保障水平有较大差异。两种模式的个税递延型养老保险总替代率和净替代率随收入的提高逐渐降低,总相对水平和净相对水平随收入的提高而上升;男性的养老保障水平高于女性;对中等收入和较高收入群体而言,TEE模式的个税递延型养老保险保障水平高于EET模式,高收入群体EET模式的个税递延型养老保险保障水平更高,且收入越高,EET模式和TEE模式间养老保障水平的差异越小。政策调整模拟结果表明,提高缴费上限和领取年龄、降低领取税率有助于提升个税递延型养老保险的保障水平。因此,应继续完善顶层设计,优化第三支柱个人养老金发展方案,进一步扩大覆盖面,强化税收优惠的激励作用,持续推进我国第三支柱个人养老金发展。     

年金递延纳税好处有哪些

企业年金、职业年金个税递延纳税政策实施,一方面让实际缴纳的个人税负降低;另一方面人们可以用节约下来的个税额增加投资收入。     

个税递延型养老保险个人缴费研究——基于公平性的视角

我国现行企业年金纳税递延制度和个税递延型商业养老保险即将破冰,本文从公平性视角出发,建立了一般均衡两期世代交叠模型研究个税递延型商业养老保险缴费纳税抵扣上限问题。研究结果表明,个税递延型商业养老保险个人缴费纳税抵扣上限应该是企业年金账户个人缴费和企业缴费之和,而不是与企业年金账户个人缴费纳税抵扣上限相等。采取商业养老保险的个人缴费扣税上限和企业年金个人缴费扣税上限相同的方案,看似平等实则不公。     

企业年金缩小企业与机关事业单位职工养老金差距的政策仿真研究——工资异质性的视角

引入工资差异对企业职工企业年金缴费意愿的影响,采用仿真方法测量企业年金对企业与机关事业单位职工养老金差距的影响。首先,根据我国养老制度安排,构建了企业年金基金、基本养老金、退休金预测模型和养老金差距测量指标;其次,选取工资水平从社平工资的0．5倍～5．0倍的14类代表性职工,模拟了基准情境和提高企业年金税收优惠的四种情境——提高雇主缴费的企业所得税免税上限、降低雇主缴费计入个人账户部分的个人所得税税率、降低领取阶段的个人所得税税率、免征个人缴费的个人所得税,并进行了敏感性分析。仿真结果表明,企业年金及其税收优惠政策能够有效缩小企业与机关事业单位职工养老金差距,提高雇主缴费的企业所得税免税上限的作用最显著。企业年金投资收益率提高、企业年金管理费率降低、余寿减少、社平工资增长率提高和工作年限增加都会放大这种作用,反之亦然。工资越高企业职工从企业年金中获益越大,可能扩大企业职工内部养老金差距。     

个税递延养老保险财政成本及收益量化研究——基于2013年河北省行业经验数据的分析

采用个税递延方法促进商业养老保险发展是国际通行惯例。本文基于2013年河北省行业数据,构建了个税递延税式支出模型和替代率模型,对政府的财政成本和投保人的个人收益进行量化分析。结果表明,满足个税递延养老保险条件的人数占比达15%,按照动态增长视角考察,5年后会覆盖至96%人群;按照个人缴费工资10%且缴费限额为12 000元能够满足替代率10%的要求,充分发挥商业养老保险第三支柱的作用;新常态下,财政收入增长率略高于税式支出增长率,经济发展中等省份财力虽有一定压力但可仍支撑个税递延养老保险的开展。提出了尽快开展个税递延养老保险、先行试点要发达省份和中等发展省份兼顾、增加中央政府的转移支付、制度设计要有前瞻性的政策建议。     

DC型商业养老基金的最优投资策略研究——基于递延型个人所得税的考虑

本文构建模型论证了个人所得税递延政策对商业养老基金的投资策略和投资结果产生的影响。研究显示,延税型账户(EET)在缴费规模提高的同时,基金管理者降低了对风险资产的投资比例,最终扩大了基金的终端规模,并改善了基金的风险状况。个人可以根据对风险和收益的偏好适当提高缴费率。此外,以上作用的发挥取决于个人效用能否得到改善,而效用的改善需要对养老金领取阶段减免税,即EET与TEE(免税型账户)的“双税优”政策并举。     

个税递延养老保险财政成本及收益量化研究——基于2013年河北省行业经验数据的分析北大核心CSSCI

采用个税递延方法促进商业养老保险发展是国际通行惯例。本文基于2013年河北省行业数据,构建了个税递延税式支出模型和替代率模型,对政府的财政成本和投保人的个人收益进行量化分析。结果表明,满足个税递延养老保险条件的人数占比达15%,按照动态增长视角考察,5年后会覆盖至96%人群;按照个人缴费工资10%且缴费限额为12 000元能够满足替代率10%的要求,充分发挥商业养老保险第三支柱的作用;新常态下,财政收入增长率略高于税式支出增长率,经济发展中等省份财力虽有一定压力但可仍支撑个税递延养老保险的开展。提出了尽快开展个税递延养老保险、先行试点要发达省份和中等发展省份兼顾、增加中央政府的转移支付、制度设计要有前瞻性的政策建议。     

关于个税递延型养老保险的社会公平问题探讨

个税递延型养老保险计划的实施,考虑到其保障范围、人们的收入水平差距以及参与人是否还参与了企业年金计划等方面,存在社会公平的问题。本文借鉴德国个人养老保险计划和美国的IRAs计划,提出将企业年金和个税递延型养老保险合起来,给予一个总的税收优惠额度,并对低收入人群给予补贴,鼓励其加入个人养老保险计划。     

个税递延养老保险的缴费设计研究

通过税收优惠鼓励个人购买养老保险是发达国家的普遍做法。本文首先基于历史数据构建养老金替代率预测模型,分析基本养老金替代率的逐年下降趋势。继而构建精算模型测算不同情形下达到一定目标替代率下个税递延养老保险的年缴费额,在此基础上就个税递延养老保险的缴费设计提出政策建议。     

缴费年限对养老保险基金支付风险的影响研究

缴费年限直接影响着养老保险基金的缴费积累与参保者的待遇水平。能够领取养老金的缴费年限由最低缴费年限和退休年龄框定,参保者在缴费年限上具有较大的自主选择权。本文根据城镇职工基本养老保险现行制度设计,运用保险精算方法,构建了基金支付风险精算模型,并依据该模型实证评估了缴费年限对养老保险基金支付风险的影响。研究结果表明:单方面提高最低缴费年限并不能降低基金支付风险,根本原因在于“长缴多得”的计发机制;退休年龄的延长确能降低基金的支付风险,“早缴费”、“长缴费”将是减少养老基金支付风险的重要举措,但需要辅之以最低缴费年限调整才能充分发挥延迟退休增收减支作用;同一退休年龄下,女性比男性获益程度更高,相应地对实现缴费与待遇平衡产生更大的负效应;缴费年限增加能够提高替代率,增强制度的保障功能;缴费比例降低以及退休后平均余命、城镇单位就业人员平均工资增长率、养老金增长率、个人账户记账利率以及平均缴费工资指数提高会增大基金支付风险。建议通过调整退休年龄辅之以最低缴费年限并进行参量调整以降低基金支付风险。     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Aims and Scope

<正>The focus of the China Journal of Accounting Research is to publish theoretical and empirical research papers that use contemporary research methodologies to...     

Income smoothing and the cost of debt

The literature on income smoothing focuses on the effect of earnings smoothing on the equity market.This paper investigates the effect of income smoothing on th...     

The case for management history

This article defines the case for treating management history as a discrete subject area, although one closely related to business, accounting, labour, and industrial history. It seeks to concentrate on the nature, process, and practice of management as an activity within the organization, and to argue that it is important that modern British managers understand the intellectual and cultural roots of their profession, since without these they will tend to be swayed by short-term management 'fads'. Within the broad topic there are several identifiable sub-areas for potential exploration, including the comparative historical development of management between different countries, management institutions, managerial careers and labour markets, management structures, management skills, and management thought and theory.     

The life and career of John Spence Ogilvy (1805-71), the first chartered accountant to emigrate to Australia

So far as the available evidence allows, this paper examines the life and career of John Spence Ogilvy, foundation member of the Society of Accountants in Edinburgh in 1854, who emigrated to Melbourne in 1856, but did not play a part in the development of an organized accounting profession in Australia. The paper also attempts to explain the gap of thirty-two years between the formation of the first accounting bodies in Edinburgh and Melbourne.     

Female CFOs and loan contracting: Financial conservatism or gender discrimination? – An empirical test based on collateral clauses

Based on signaling and gender discrimination theory, we examine whether chief financial officer(CFO) gender matters to bank–firm relationships and the designing...     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

<正>The China Journal of Accounting Research‘‘CJAR’’(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditin...     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.