社会保障与人口发展

人口是社会生活的主体,社会保障的对象是人口,人口需求是决定社会保障制度变迁的社会基础。通过对社会保障制度变迁与人口发展的关系的考察发现,在改革和完善社会保障制度的变迁中,正确处理人口与社会保障的关系,充分发挥社会保障调控人口的功能,同时以人口发展为社会保障制度建设提供一个良好的社会环境,应是建设有中国特色的社会保障制度始终不可忽视的基础工程。     

构建和谐社会,完善农村社会保障体系

农村社会保障制度长期处于社会保障制度边缘,农民的社会保障问题尤其突出,亟需为占人口三分之二以上的农民建立健全相应的保障体系,以分担风险、缓解压力、互助互利,促进农村经济可持续发展,对构建和谐社会具有重要的现实意义。农村社会保障制度是在特定的社会发展阶段,主要以农村居民为参保对象和保障受益对象建立的制度。农村社会保障制度,包括贫困农民的低保、一般农民的养老保险、失地农民的社会保障、农民工的社会保障和农村社会救助系统等。发展农村社会保障制度,与城镇社会保障系统有机衔接,逐步建设城乡统一的社会保障体系,是我国统筹城乡发展、构建和谐社会的必由之路。一、农村社会保障制度存在的问题目前,我国农村社会保障制度存在的问题十分突出,其在设计上还存在重大缺陷。农村社会制度覆盖的人口范围有限,保障水平低,保障项目少,保障具有应急性,缺乏制度化。农村社会保障与农村市场经济体制改革的需要相比,与农村居民发展的需要相比,与构建和谐社会发展的需要相比,还有巨大的差距。(一)农村社会保障覆盖面窄社会保障制度对于维护弱势群体最基本的生存权利具有基础性的意义。目前,我国无法对全体农村劳动者提供基本的生活保障。农村以养老、医疗为重点的社会保障工作...     

中国农村社会保障制度建设的重点

中国农村社会保障制度关系到农村人口的可持续生计。继新型农村合作医疗在全国推开后,下一步农村社会保障制度的建设重点又在哪里?下面从农民工社会保险制度、农村最低生活保障和农村计划生育保险制度三个方面进行分析。     

完善我国新型农村社会养老保险制度研究

新型农村社会养老保险制度的建设关系到农民目前和将来的生活安全和生活质量的提高。完善新型农村社会养老保险制度,会使我国人民的生活质量登上一个新的台阶,不仅对农村人口,而且与农村有千丝万缕联系的城镇人口,都将受到这一新型养老保险制度的恩惠。新农保制度的完善在当前扩内需、保增长,应对经济与金融危机的背景下具有特殊的意义。只有很好的社会保障或民生保障才能给全体国民带来普遍的安全感。     

建设新型社保体系 完善全民社保制度

农村社会保障制度作为一项重要的“农村社会安全制度”,其完善与否,直接影响到和谐社会的构建.党的十六大指出“建立健全同经济发展水平相适应的社会保障体系,是社会稳定和国家长治久安的重要保证.”农业是国民经济与社会发展的基础.农村社会保障制度是国家社会保障制度不可或缺的组成部分.因此,我国在注重城市社会保障的同时,必须逐步完善农村社会保障制度.     

社会保障、家庭养老与经济增长

本文通过引入社会养老替代家庭养老的经济机制,分析了社会保障制度对人口和经济增长的长期影响。加大社会保障力度可以降低年老人对子女赡养的依赖程度,促使家庭减少生育率。当父母生育更多的是为了将来获得养老保障,而从子女数量中获得的直接效用相对较低时,家庭会转为增加对子女的教育投入,从而促进人力资本与经济的增长。数值模拟的结果表明,相对于完全基金制,现收现付制替代家庭养老的作用更明显,对减缓人口增长,促进经济增长的作用也更显著。     

构建和谐社会,完善农村社会保障体系

农村社会保障制度长期处于社会保障制度边缘,农民的社会保障问题尤其突出,亟需为占人口三分之二以上的农民建立健全相应的保障体系,以分担风险、缓解压力、互助互利,促进农村经济可持续发展,对构建和谐社会具有重要的现实意义.     

农村社保应成为财政支农的重点

农村社会保障关系到农业经济发展、农村社会稳定、农民生活质量和国家综合实力。建立农民社会基本养老、基本医疗、农村居民最低生活保障制度、农村困难救助制度以及农业生产保险(以下称农村社会保障),使农民享受与城镇职工基本一致(主要项目一致,标准不同)的社会保障,得到更多     

农村养老保险的财政学分析:基于城乡社会保障统筹视角

一、研究背景长期以来,我国社会保障制度的建设呈现二元化状况,农村社会保障制度的建设落后于城市社会保障制度的建设,这既不能满足农村人口基本保障需求,也拉     

发展我国农村社会养老保险制度的几点思考

长期以来,我国城乡养老社会保障呈现了明显的二元化特征.笔者认为,应该从我国家庭户规模的变化、未来人口发展趋势、经济体制改革以及非经济因素等方面来全面考虑发展农村养老社会保险制度的意义、面临的挑战及改革思路.要根据各地经济发展水平不同建立分地区、分层次的农村养老社会保障制度,必须尽快将农村养老社会保障制度建设纳入法制化轨道,并且应推广发达地区的成功经验,继续进行试点工作.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.