运用托宾税等市场化手段抑制短期投机资金出入的政策设计

1997年亚洲金融和2007年国际金融危机警示我们,短期投机资本流动会对金融市场形成冲击,诱发金融危机,进而威胁国家金融安全。因此,如何运用托宾税等市场化手段抑制短期投机资金流出入,防止跨境资金大规模波动,成为外汇政策设计的重点。本文分三部分:托宾税及托宾税衍生形式概述;介绍各国实践及对我国的启示;我国现实选择及政策设计。     

论托宾税及对我国资本流动管理的改进

随着金融全球化的加速和金融深化的发展,国际资本流动越来越频繁,我国愈发受到国际资本流动的影响,尤其是国际短期资本的影响。因此,有效地监管国际资本流动,特别是国际短期资本流动是当前我国外汇管理面临的一项紧迫任务。本文从托宾税的提出、发展及实践出发,通过分析我国外汇管理在应对国际资本异常流动中存在缺陷,探讨了托宾税在我国应对资本异常流动时的效用,认为托宾税能有效地改进我国的资本流动管理。     

当前形势下托宾税实施可行性探讨

2014年初,央行副行长、外汇管理局局长易纲在《求是》杂志撰文指出,将深入研究“托宾税”、无息存款准备金、外汇交易手续费等价格调节手段,抑制短期投机套利资金流出入.面对复杂多变的国内外经济金融形势,托宾税开始进入了外汇管理视线.本文就托宾税的内涵和演变、各国实施托宾税经验及效果、实施中存在的难点进行了探讨,对当前形势下我国实施托宾税的必要性进行了分析,并探索性地提出了政策建议.     

均衡管理视角下对我国征收托宾税的探讨

托宾税作为跨境资本调节的经济手段,日益受到管理当局的重视,本文从托宾税的国际实践入手,分析托宾税在调节跨境资本流动方面的经验和启示,并结合我国的宏观形势和金融改革,以均衡管理的思路,提出托宾税在我国征收可行性及方案。最后,结合宏观审慎的理念,提出政策建议。     

托宾税政策研究评述与展望

面对全球金融动荡加剧和国际投机资本冲击对各国经济的负面影响,有关托宾税 政策的研究已经成为国内外近些年来的一个热点问题。同时,在托宾税有效性这个问题上也一 直没有达成共识性结论。本文从詹姆斯·托宾的学术思想出发,重新审视托宾税的内涵,对托 宾税相关争论、有关托宾税理论模型和实证研究等方面的国内外最新研究文献展开评述,并指 出托宾税政策研究的发展方向。     

全球双层金融交易税的制度构想

在金融危机的严重冲击之下,构建全球金融监管法律框架己成为国际社会必须面对的艰巨任务。托宾税作为金融监管制度的重要工具重新备受关注。在后危机时代,实施全球金融交易双层征税制度有其必然性。依据全球金融交易双层征税权,构建国际与国内双层税收法律制度,能够消除传统托宾税方案的实施障碍。     

电子商务环境下税收体系重构建之比较研究

随着电子商务的高速发展,对我国税收体系的冲击也越来越大。通过比较研究三种电子商务下的税收体系,即比特税方案、托宾税方案、现行税制拓展方案。发现现阶段使用现行税制拓展方案比较合适。从远期来看,托宾税方案是未来选择的最佳方案。     

托宾税的实践及启示

托宾税作为一种单一性和全球性的税种,主要是针对短期资本流动而设置的,目的是提高国际资本流入成本,抑制短期资本投机行为,控制流动风险。今年年初,人民银行易纲副行长提出,＂深入研究托宾税、无息存款准备金、外汇交易手续费等价格调节手段,抑制短期投机套利资金流出入＂。     

"托宾税":逆流而上的沙子

"托宾税"自上世纪七十年代提出以来,一直受到冷落,在经济全球化的负面影响日益显现时,人们又开始关注"托宾税".文章在分析了该税种的问题与前景之后,认为现在讨论这一税种是有现实意义的.     

东北国际金融学会在前进

东北国际金融学会是东北地区从事国际金融研究的群众性学术团体,其宗旨是以马列主义、毛泽东思想为指导,坚持“百花齐放,百家争鸣”和“古为今用,洋为中用”的方针,组织推动东北地区国际金融领域的理论工作者、业务工作者和教学科研人员,本着解放思想、实事求是、理论联系实际的精神,结合东北地区的实际情况,研究和探讨国际金融理论和实际问题,通过研究和探讨,达到提高本地区国际金融理论、政策、业务和管理水平的目的。     

金融市场发展中的税收立法选择——以税收对金融市场的调控功能为核心

次贷危机的发生引起世界对金融创新风险的广泛关注。为应对这次危机,税收作为财政政策工具,为各国普遍采用。但对适用于金融交易本身的税法规则,各国却未能进行深刻的反思。为促进本国金融市场发展而不断调低对金融交易的税收负担,必须经由比例原则和纳税人权利的审查而获得合理正当化的基础。减轻金融交易的税收负担对促进金融市场健康、稳定、有序发展的作用极为有限,反而在一定程度上削弱了公民权利实现的财政基础。随着金融市场从国民经济的核心演化为投机场所,各国对其课以低税负甚至免税缺乏必要的正当性。因此,对金融市场课税,应当重视的不只是其对金融市场发展的调节功能,而更应当关注税收所固有的财政收入功能,并以此为基础,遵循量能课税原则着手金融交易课税规则的构建。     

A field experiment to explore the effects of detection and penalties communications and framing among Washington State retail firms

The Washington Department of Revenue facilitated a field experiment to explore opportunities to increase Use Tax and Business and Occupation (B&O) Tax compliance by retail industry firms. The experiment tested two enforcement strategies (actually put in place by the State of Washington): communication of noncompliance penalties and announcement of an enhanced detection initiative. Of special interest was whether the compliance initiatives would differentially influence firms in divergent financial positions (increasing versus decreasing revenues). Findings were consistent with the gain/loss framing concept of prospect theory: the elevated enforcement initiatives increased both actual reported Washington State Use taxes and B&O Taxes more for firms with declining revenues (loss frame) than for firms with raising revenues (gain frame). Historically the Use Tax has had a low rate of compliance while the B&O Tax has had a high rate of compliance; thus we tested two very different taxes. The results of the experiment suggest that revenue agencies with limited resources may benefit from focusing greater compliance enhancement efforts on firms with declining revenues as more tax dollars will be generated from these taxpayers. For tax researchers, this experiment demonstrates that gain/loss tax framing can occur in nature by means other than withholding.     

The intended and unintended consequences of financial-market regulations: A general-equilibrium analysis

In a production economy with trade in financial markets motivated by the desire to share labor-income risk and to speculate, we show that speculation increases volatility of asset returns and investment growth, increases the equity risk premium, and reduces welfare. Regulatory measures, such as constraints on stock positions, borrowing constraints, and the Tobin tax have similar effects on financial and macroeconomic variables. However, borrowing constraints and the Tobin tax are more successful than constraints on stock positions at improving welfare because they substantially reduce speculative trading without impairing excessively risk-sharing trades.     

税务会计原则、财务会计原则的比较与思考

由于税务会计要以税法为导向,因此,体现税收原则的税收核算原则也就是税务会计原则。税务会计原则一般都隐含在税法中,它虽然远远不如(财务)会计原则那么明确、那么公认,但其刚性、其硬度,却要明显高于(财务)会计原则,纳税人一旦违反,就要受到税法等相关法律的惩处。文章对由税法主导的税务会计原则与投资人导向的财务会计原则进行了比较,从中可见两者的差异及其产生的原因。研究税务会计原则与财务会计原则的差异,旨在探讨如何构建符合国际化发展趋势的税务会计与财务会计的关系模式。     

建立我国独立税务会计的思考

目前,我国实行的财务会计与税务会计的混合模式,影响了财务会计信息和税务会计信息的质量,进而影响了会计目标的实现,因此,我国应尽快确立以所得税和增值税为主体的复合制独立税务会计模式,构建我国税务会计概念框架,建立我国税务会计账簿体系.     

金融工具确认和计量准则在投资企业中的应用

本文通过案例比较分析了《企业会计准则第22号——金融工具确认和计量》(财会[2006]3号,以下简称"金融工具确认和计量准则")中交易性金融资产、可供出售金融资产、持有至到期投资三种投资业务的会计处理方法与《企业会计制度》中对应投资核算方法上的区别,同时与《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》(以下简称《企业所得税法》)及其实施条例进行比较,分析了会计与税法存在的差异。     

Did PCAOB rules on ethics,independence, and tax services influence financial reporting for income taxes?

The PCAOB Rules on Ethics, Independence, and Tax Services prohibited accounting firms from providing aggressive tax-position transactions to their audit clients. We exploit this setting to examine whether the scrutiny of the PCAOB affects companies’ financial reporting for income tax accounts. We find robust evidence that the overall quality of the income tax accrual increased after companies significantly reduced auditor-provided tax service (APTS) fees in response to the regulation. We show that this improvement is a function of companies’ pre-regulation tax aggressiveness. In addition, we find evidence that after the fee reductions, tax-aggressive companies increased financial statement reserves for uncertain income tax positions without changing tax-aggressive decisions. Overall, our findings are consistent with an improvement in the financial reporting for income taxes under regulatory scrutiny which is more pronounced for companies that were tax aggressive in the pre-regulation period.     

Tax enforcement and corporate financial irregularities: Evidence from China

This paper examines whether and how tax enforcement affects corporate financial irregularities in China, utilizing the merger of the State Tax Bureau (STB) and Local Tax Bureaus (LTB) in 2018 as a quasi-natural experiment. Our findings show that stricter tax enforcement significantly reduces corporate financial irregularities, especially for firms with lower tax compliance, poorer internal governance, laxer external supervision, and lower economic status. Furthermore, the mechanism tests demonstrate that stricter tax enforcement forces firms to reduce tax avoidance and tax reporting irregularities. These findings are consistent with the effective supervision channel. Our findings suggest that stricter tax enforcement can improve the quality of corporate information disclosure, and providing useful insights for alleviating information asymmetry and improving information environment in the Chinese capital market.     

新企业所得税法的公平与效率

公平原则和效率原则是税法的基本原则。我国企业所得税法的统一在诸多层面体现了税法的公平和效率原则。本文通过对公平和效率原则的分析,探讨了我国企业所得税制度的历史变迁,分析了其在实现公平和效率方面的得失以及价值选择,着重研究了企业所得税法在纳税人、效率、税收优惠以及反避税等方面对公平和效率原则的回应及时代意义。