新常态下中国货币政策的宏观经济效应研究 ——基于不同中介目标的实证检验

以中国2003-2020年的季度宏观经济数据为样本,通过构建时变系数向量自回归模型分析银行间同业拆借利率、M2、信贷规模、社会融资规模四项货币政策中介目标对实际产出、通货膨胀、房地产市场以及股票市场的动态影响效应.结果表明:同业拆借利率对产出的影响呈增强趋势,M2、信贷以及社会融资规模等数量型货币政策对产出的影响效应更显著;信贷与社会融资规模对通货膨胀的影响效应较显著;同业拆借利率对房地产市场的短期影响效应较大;M2、信贷与社会融资规模对房地产与股票市场的长期影响效应较大.     

Monetary Policy Transmission with Interbank Market Fragmentation

This paper shows how interbank market fragmentation disrupts the transmission of monetary policy. Fragmentation is the fact that banks, depending on their country of location, have different probabilities of default on their interbank borrowings. Once fragmentation is introduced into standard theoretical models of monetary policy implementation, excess liquidity arises endogenously. This leads short-term interest rates to depart from the central bank policy rates. Using data on monetary policy operations, I show that this mechanism has been at work in the euro area since 2008. The model is used to analyze conventional and unconventional monetary policy measures.     

货币政策对银行间市场流动性影响效应的实证研究及启示

银行间货币市场是央行实施货币政策的重要平台，研究货币政策对银行间市场流动性的影响对于完善商业银行日常流动性管理具有重要意义。文章在设定银行间市场流动性测度指标与梳理货币政策工具对市场流动性的影响机制的基础上，分别使用事件分析法和时间序列模型对不同政策工具的影响效应进行实证分析，得出相关分析结论，并总结其对于完善商业银行日常流动性管理的启示。     

银行同业业务、资产负债变化与金融市场流动性“悖论”：基于面板数据的实证研究

本文以银行同业业务和金融市场流动性为研究对象,试图厘清银行同业业务对市场流动性产生影响的作用机制,研究发现银行同业业务与流动性管理二者之间存在天然的“悖论”,体现在对资产负债期限错配的不同偏好上：期限错配是同业业务盈利的重要来源,而流动性管理的目标则是严格约束期限错配。本文还在系统构建金融市场流动性测度指标的基础上,借助面板数据,实证检验了不同规模银行、不同类型同业业务对金融市场流动性的影响大小,最后给出政策建议。     

Interbank liquidity risk transmission to large emerging markets in crisis periods

In this paper, we conduct two investigations regarding funding liquidity risk in large emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa — BRICS. In the first, we track the relevance of monetary policy decisions originating in developed economies for interbank funding liquidity risk in BRICS economies during crisis periods by applying a time-varying parameter model in a Bayesian framework. The results indicate weak associations between interbank credit market and US monetary policy and market conditions. In contrast, the Federal Reserve's National Financial Conditions Index (NFCI) — a representative of the health of both real and financial sectors in the US — matters more. The temporal patterns of the results imply that key central banking decisions precede or coincide with low degrees of associations. In the second, we examine whether interbank credit crunch exerts an influence on market liquidity risk in BRICS economies using a Granger causality approach. The results reveal that interbank credit crunch depresses market liquidity in the corresponding domestic market and that the state of fear and credit market conditions in the US exert some influence in this regard. Overall, our findings hint at judicious market intervention and liquidity management by BRICS central banks.     

Liquidity regulation and the implementation of monetary policy

We study the impact of the Basel III liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) on interbank interest rates in an otherwise-standard model of monetary policy implementation. When banks face the possibility of an LCR shortfall, the overnight interest rate tends to decrease, while a regulatory premium arises in longer-term rates. In addition, the LCR requirement can substantially alter the effect of a central banks’ open market operations on equilibrium interest rates.     

2014年上半年货币市场利率运行报告

2014年上半年,在稳健的货币政策基调下,货币市场利率冲高回落,总体平稳,利率中枢下移,波幅收窄,6N份关键时点没有发生大的市场异动。这主要得益于央行货币政策操作稳定市场预期,以及金融机构完善流动性管理措施。此外,交易所市场与银行间市场的利率差异性仍然存在;境外货币市场利率走势背离于境内市场,利差保持较高水平。     

The impact of unconventional monetary policy on the market for collateral: The case of the French bond market

We consider the channel consisting in transferring the credit risk associated with refinancing operations between financial institutions to market participants. In particular, we analyze liquidity and volatility premia on the French government debt securities market, since these assets are used as collateral both in the open market operations of the ECB and on the interbank market. In our time-varying transition probability Markov-switching (TVTP-MS) model, we highlight the existence of two regimes. In one of them, which we refer to as the conventional regime, monetary policy neutrality is verified; in the other, which we dub the unconventional regime, monetary policy operations lead to volatility and liquidity premia on the collateral market. The existence of these conventional and unconventional regimes highlights some asymmetries in the conduct of monetary policy.     

Voluntary Reserve Targets

We study monetary policy implementation through an operating regime involving voluntary reserve targets (VRTs). Operating regimes based on reserve requirements may lead to a collapse in interbank trade, as they have since the financial crisis. We show that, no matter the abundance of reserves, VRTs encourage market activity and support the central bank's control over interest rates. We consider (i) the impact of anticipated and unanticipated liquidity injections by the central bank on market outcomes and (ii) a comparison with the implementation framework currently adopted by the Federal Reserve. Overall, a VRT framework may provide several advantages over other frameworks.     

我国银行间市场资金面影响因素的探讨——兼对当前市场流动性状况的分析与展望

梳理银行间市场资金面的影响因素，对于分析市场资金面的供求关系，央行评估货币政策执行效果，以及金融机构进行资产组合配置都有积极作用。文章从货币政策、商业银行存贷款增量、央行外汇占款、税收因素等多个角度，梳理了影响我国银行间市场资金面的八项因素，并在此基础上分析了今年5月份以来银行间市场资金面快速趋紧的成因。三季度，受CPI冲高回落、重申人民币汇改以及大型商业银行流动性状况好转等因素影响，银行间市场资金面紧张的格局将逐步改善。     

2011年银行间市场运行报告

2011年,银行间市场交易整体呈现稳步增长态势,市场成员继续壮大。主要特点是：货币市场利率对货币政策反应灵敏,随调控措施整体走高,波动加大,市场成交明显增长;债券市场基础设施及制度建设持续稳步推进,成交量微幅下跌,银行间国债收益率曲线先升后降;对外经济活动活跃、市场机制改革等多因素推动银行间外汇即期市场持续较快发展;衍生品市场基础设施建设进一步完善,利率互换成交活跃,境内外外汇衍生品价差反转。     

浅论利率市场化条件下地方中小银行加入银行间市场的必要性

利率市场化是我国深化金融体制改革的必由之路,是继商业银行股份制改革后的＂二次革命＂。作为金融改革的配套创新制度,银行间市场取得了长足发展,成为我国目前最大的资金投融资市场,并已成为央行投放和回收基础货币、调剂社会流动性余缺的重要载体。本文重点分析我国地方中小银行在利率市场化条件下面临的冲击和加入银行间市场必要性,提出＂参照银行间市场基础利率,建立和完善利率定价机制＂等建议。     

混频数据信息下的时变货币政策传导行为研究——基于混频TVP-FAVAR模型

现实经济环境中,货币政策操作受到金融市场及宏观经济信息的共同影响.如何基于混频大数据信息分析货币政策行为机制是需解决的现实问题.为此,本文提出一种混频时变参数因子增广向量自回归(MF-TVP-FAVAR)模型.基于宏观经济及金融市场等多维度混频数据信息的实证结果表明:首先,MF-TVP-FAVAR模型在宏观金融混频数据中提取的金融形势指数(FCI)能较好地表征宏观经济先行趋势,为货币政策的制定提供前瞻性信息.其次,混频TVP-FAVAR模型可以捕捉价格型和数量型货币政策传导的高频时变特征.与货币供应量相比,利率传导对产出的影响具有滞后性.利率传导随着利率市场化改革愈发畅通,而信贷传导机制因财政政策搭配等问题日渐受阻.再次,货币政策传导效果受到经济周期影响,无论产出效应还是价格效应,经济上行时期,货币政策传导机制都比经济衰退时期更加通畅.价格型和数量型传导机制在经济下行时的作用效果均会减弱,但数量型货币政策更易受到经济周期的影响.最后,货币政策对FCI的冲击响应具有时变性,说明金融市场信息冲击对我国货币政策调控具有结构性的动态影响.货币当局制定尤其是微调货币政策时应及时评估金融市场信息冲击的影响.     

2012年上半年银行问市场运行报告

2012年上半年,银行间市场整体平稳运行,主要特点是：银行间各市场对各项货币政策操作反应灵敏;债券市场进一步对外开放,市场行情呈现慢牛走势;利率互换电子化交易确认和冲销业务正式推出降低参与者操作风险,提高交易效率;人民币对美元汇率波幅扩大,且在震荡中小幅走贬并出现贬值预期;人民币对日元直接交易的推出显著改善市场流动性;人民币远掉格局重构,外汇期权趋于活跃。     

Does competition influence the bank lending channel in the euro area?

This paper examines how competition influences the bank lending channel in the euro area countries. Using a large panel of banks from 12 euro area countries for the period 2002–2010 we analyze the reaction of loan supply to monetary policy actions depending on the degree of bank competition. We find that the effect of monetary policy on bank lending is dependent on bank competition: the transmission of monetary policy via the bank lending channel is less pronounced for banks with extensive market power. Further investigation shows that banks with less market power were more sensitive to monetary policy only before the financial crisis. These results suggest that bank market power has a significant impact on the effectiveness of monetary policy. Therefore, wide variations in the level of bank market power may lead to asymmetric effects of the single monetary policy.     

Does monetary policy determine stock market liquidity? New evidence from the euro zone

The recent financial crisis has been characterized by unprecedented monetary policy interventions of central banks with the intention to stabilize financial markets and the real economy. This paper sheds light on the actual impact of monetary policy on stock liquidity and thereby addresses its role as a determinant of commonality in liquidity. Our results suggest that an expansionary monetary policy of the European Central Bank leads to an increase of aggregate stock market liquidity in the German, French and Italian markets. Furthermore, the effect of monetary policy is significantly stronger for smaller stocks, suggesting a non-linear impact of monetary policy on stock liquidity.     

行业特征、金融加速与企业债务融资

在政策择优供给、产业转型升级的关键阶段,考察特定行业的企业债务融资及其宏观、微观层面的影响因素,对于资金、资源的行业优化配置意义重大。本文以我国2003~2017年沪深A股上市公司为样本,检验企业受到货币政策冲击时行业特征对其银行债务获取的影响。研究发现,对于行业劳动力越密集、行业竞争越激烈的企业,货币政策紧缩对于债务融资的不利影响会被显著削弱。进一步研究发现,行业劳动要素在货币政策紧缩时引起的企业债务融资效应随着行业资本密集度的下降而增强;对于产出是耐用品的行业,货币政策的企业债务融资效应与产品市场竞争较弱的行业一致。本文是对货币政策传导机制下金融加速分析的拓展,补充了货币政策行业债务融资效应的经验证据。     

股票市场对货币政策传导机制影响的实证研究——基于脉冲响应函数和方差分解的技术分析

随着股票市场的蓬勃发展及其与国民经济的联系日益密切,货币政策的传导机制和效应必然受到股票市场发展的影响,同时股票市场也逐渐成为货币政策传导的重要渠道之一。本文首先对货币政策的传导机制与股票市场的关联机制进行分析,然后运用协整分析、向量自回归模型(VAR)、向量误差修正模型(VECM)、脉冲响应函数、方差分解技术等计量方法对我国股票市场对货币政策传导机制的影响进行了实证分析。结果显示股票市场已经成为传导货币政策的一个主要渠道,中央银行制定货币政策时必须要考虑股票市场。     

2012年11月银行间市场运行报告

2012年11月,银行间市场整体平稳运行,主要特点是：随货币政策转向净回笼,货币市场利率小幅波动;市场降息降准预期减弱,银行间债券收益率曲线下移;人民币对美元即期市场成交价连续涨停,人民币汇率升值势头延续并创历史新高,但市场流动性下降;利率互换成交大增,短期限交易活跃,利率互换曲线全线上行;汇率衍生品市场交投继续活跃,市场份额大幅提升。     

2011年上半年债券市场运行报告

2011年上半年,我国货币政策保持稳健,政策累积效应逐步显现。银行间债券市场的主要运行特点是：债券指数受资金面影响呈一波三折的走势,收益率曲线平坦化;除央票发行量下降外,包括政府和各类企业的实际融资需求和融资量仍有显著上升;债券余额小幅增长;回购交易持续活跃;现券交易同比上升,环比下降;利率衍生产品交易规模大幅增长。