市场化改革能推进产业技术进步吗？——中国高技术产业的经验证据

中国正在经历的市场化改革究竟能否推进产业技术进步？本文在理论分析市场化进程影响产业技术进步机制的基础上,利用行业市场化指数和中国高技术产业1995—2014年面板数据进行的经验研究发现:市场化进程显著推进了中国高技术产业的技术进步,而且加入WTO后的推进效果更为明显,而市场化进程的这种推进作用主要是通过提高资本配置效率、增加研发投入、促进技术扩散等机制实现的。市场化进程的不同方面对高技术产业技术进步的影响存在差异,制度环境改善的影响最为显著,非国有经济发展的影响次之,随后依次是产品市场发展和要素市场发展,政府与市场关系指数的影响最为有限。此外,市场化进程对不同技术特征行业技术进步的影响存在异质性,市场化进程对技术密集度较高行业的推进作用更为显著。本文研究结果对中国正在推进的市场化改革和高技术产业技术进步的政策措施设计有一定的参考价值。     

金融关联、产业周期与缓解民营企业融资约束——基于浙江省上市企业的实证分析

本文基于融资约束理论和产业生命周期理论,以浙江省上市民营企业为对象,对处于产业周期不同阶段的企业,金融关联程度对企业融资约束的影响展开研究。研究发现浙江省民企中存在70%的金融关联现象,金融关联对民营企业的融资约束有明显的缓解作用;且对处于不同产业周期中的民企,金融关联对其融资约束缓解作用程度不同,表现为对处于成熟期和衰退期的企业,对融资约束缓解更为明显。     

制造业股票市场融资与产业增长的实证研究——基于中国制造业面板数据模型

理论上,资本的趋利性使其必然具有天然的流动性特点,趋利性资本流动使得具有普遍稀缺性的资本在效率不同的产业间流动,自发地由利润率低的产业流向利润率高的产业,进而使得产业结构不断进行调整并趋于合理化,促进产业增长。通过对我国制造业股票市场融资与产业增长的面板数据模型实证研究发现,我国制造业虽然得到了股票市场巨额融资,然而并未相应地实现产业的优化升级和快速增长,股票市场固有的促进产业结构优化升级和产业增长的机制与作用并未在我国的优势产业即制造业领域得到有效发挥。     

融资融券对中国股票市场影响探讨

从2010年开始,我国便启动了融资融券业务试点,如今已经有6个年头。在融资融券业务不断发展的过程中,其体系也在逐渐成熟,对我国股票市场的影响也愈来愈大。对于股票市场而言,波动性与流动性是两个核心指标,对市场运行具有重要的作用。基于此,本文着重分析了融资融券对股票市场波动性与流动性的影响,并提出了相关观点,以供参考。     

中国股票市场的发展:一个国际比较的视角

本文以在20世纪90年代建立的具有一定规模的13个转轨国家的股票市场作为比较对象,从规模、流动性、融资功能、投资回报以及股价的信息含量五个侧面和维度对中国股票市场的发展进行了评价,结果发现,中国股票市场在规模上远远大于其他转轨国家,但在衡量股票市场质量的流动性与回报功能指标上则呈现出区间特征,在2000年之前,中国与其他转轨国家相比占有明显的优势,而在2001～2005年的区间内,中国的优势开始递减。     

2012年:政策趋松下的资金紧平衡

流动性具备多层次特征,简单可以分为实体经济流动性、资金市场流动性和股票市场流动性。实体经济流动性,指央行货币供给量(或社会融资量)规模;资金市场流动性,包含拆借及债券市场资金供需格局及金融机构资金来源运用的匹配程度;股票市场流动性的定义界限并不清晰,可以通过股指变化、入场资金量、资产变现能力等来衡量。上述三方面的流动性相互关联,旨在平滑经济波动的货币政策影响实体经济流动性情况,引导资金市场量价变化,进而导致股市流动性预期变化。     

Financial Support and Innovation of Chinese High-tech Industry：Panel Data Model Study

分别以高技术产业企业年度专利申请数和新产品销售收入衡量中国高技术产业自主创新能力,运用面板数据模型对2005-2009年大陆地区30个省份的相关数据进行分析。结果显示,在控制了自主创新资本投入、人力投入、FDI技术溢出及财政科技支出后,当前我国的金融深化、股票市场和保险发展均对高技术产业自主创新水平的提高产生了明显的推动作用,且股票市场比金融中介的促进作用更大。     

金融支持与中国高技术产业自主创新——基于面板数据的实证分析

分别以高技术产业企业年度专利申请数和新产品销售收入衡量中国高技术产业自主创新能力,运用面板数据模型对2005-2009年中国大陆地区30个省份的相关数据进行分析。结果显示,在控制了自主创新资本投入、人力投入、FDI技术溢出及财政科技支出后,当前我国的金融深化、股票市场和保险发展均对高技术产业自主创新水平的提高产生了明显的推动作用,且股票市场比金融中介的促进作用更大。     

中国股票市场发展与经济增长相关性研究

我们通过大量文献,对已有经济理论和前人研究成果进行了研究,最终创新地提出以融资规模、股票市场交易额、换手率和GDP实际增长率作为一级市场融资能力、二级市场规模、股票市场流动性和经济增长的指标,选取最新的2003——2012季度数据,利用Eviews7.2,通过协整检验和Granger因果分析等计量经济学方法,实证得出中国股票市场与经济增长呈正相关性的结论。     

声音

@辜胜阻V:搞活实体经济亟须盘活金融存量——要防止虚拟经济脱离实体经济而在内部"空转"。要调整存量资金流向,将"迷失的货币"引流到"干旱"的实体经济领域,切实缓解小微企业融资贵和融资难,引导流动性流向高技术产业领域,鼓励创新和创业,巩固实体经济坚实基础。     

Stock markets,credit markets,and technology-led growth

The high-tech sector accounts for the majority of corporate innovation in modern economies. In a sample of 38 countries, we document a strong positive relation between the initial size of the country's high-tech sector and subsequent rates of GDP and total factor productivity growth. We also find a strong positive connection between a country's equity (but not credit) market development and the size of its high-tech sector. Our main difference-in-differences estimates show that better developed stock markets support faster growth of innovative-intensive, high-tech industries. The main channels for this effect are higher rates of productivity and faster growth in the number of new high-tech firms. Credit market development fosters growth in industries that rely on external finance for physical capital accumulation but is unimportant for growth in innovation-intensive industries. These findings show that stock markets and credit markets play important but distinct roles in supporting economic growth. Stock markets are uniquely suited for financing technology-led growth, a particularly important concern for advanced economies.     

Trade credit and stock liquidity

This study documents that firms with higher stock liquidity are more willing to extend trade credit and are less reliant on trade credit financing. This finding is robust to a battery of control variables, alternative measures of stock liquidity, different fixed effects, an instrumental variable approach, and a difference-in-difference approach using tick-size change as a quasi-natural experiment that exogenously increases stock liquidity. Subsample analyses show that the relation between trade credit policies and stock liquidity is more pronounced for firms that are financially constrained, dependent on external financing, and restricted by short-term debt. Overall, the evidence presented in this paper indicates that access to the equity market has important implications on firms' trade credit policies.     

上海市科技型企业融资支持机制创新研究--基于信用融资平台构建

科技与金融的结合是推动高新技术产业化的核心和内在要求。针对上海市科技型企业融资支持体系现状与瓶颈,当前上海市应充分发挥市区两级财政的市场杠杆效应,以“拓渠道、补短板、控风险、促转型”为目标,在全市范围内构建科技型企业融资支持平台,一方面为科技型企业和商业银行搭建融资服务桥梁,通过风险补偿机制引导商业银行等金融机构成为科技型企业融资服务的主力军,另一方面通过风险控制机制对科技企业贷款实施全面有效的监管,创造扶持战略新兴产业发展的政策环境,撬动更多的社会资本向科技型企业贷款倾斜。     

Real and Financial Industry Booms and Busts

We examine how product market competition affects firm cash flows and stock returns in industry booms and busts. Our results show how real and financial factors interact in industry business cycles. In competitive industries, we find that high industry-level stock market valuation, investment, and financing are followed by sharply lower operating cash flows and abnormal stock returns. Analyst estimates are positively biased and returns comove more. In concentrated industries these relations are weak and generally insignificant. Our results are consistent with participants in competitive industries not fully internalizing the negative externality of industry competition on cash flows and stock returns.     

An Analysis of Merger Financing

This research analyzes a theory of merger financing that indicates that the terms of payment for target shares should be used to optimally influence the post-merger liquidity and capital structure of the combined firm. In an empirical test on a large sample of mergers, the stock market reaction to the announcement of acquisition financing is support the theory. The empirical results also indicate that a large portion of the cross-sectional return differences on acquirers' shares can be explained by financing theory.     

股票流动性与中国企业创新策略:流水不腐还是洪水猛兽？

中国情境下股票流动性对企业创新的影响是激励机制还是压力机制占主导地位？本文基于上市公司分类专利的申请、授权、终止数据研究发现:一方面,股票流动性使企业发明专利申请显著增加,但能通过实质审查的授权增长极少,说明申请质量明显下滑;另一方面,股票流动性使创新含量较低的实用新型与外观设计授权显著增加,且这些专利拖累了企业盈利表现,法律效力提前终止的数量也明显更多,揭示企业实际上是以“策略性创新”来应对资本市场压力,加剧了“专利泡沫”问题。分样本检验发现,“重数量轻质量”的创新策略集中体现于民营、传统行业及长期机构投资者持股较少的企业。稳健性检验替换关键指标构造和模型估计方法、构造工具变量克服潜在内生性问题,前述结论仍然成立。本文启示,金融制度设计应防范资本市场压力对企业创新的“意外伤害”,更好地实现“以金融助实体、以改革促发展”的目标。     

Relative bond-stock liquidity and capital structure choices

This paper investigates whether the relative liquidity of a firm's bonds versus its stock affects its capital structure choice. As capital structure decisions involve balancing the costs and benefits of different financing alternatives, the relative liquidity of bonds versus stock plausibly matters since a relative liquidity differential might lead to one financing option being materially (relatively) cheaper than the other. As predicted, we find some evidence that, other things being equal, firms with relatively more liquid bonds compared to stock have higher leverage. While the relationship between bond-stock relative liquidity and leverage is statistically significant, our evidence suggests that it comes with only modest economic importance.     

Stock liquidity and dividend policy: Evidence from an imputation tax environment

This paper investigates the impact of stock market liquidity on firms' dividend payout policy in the Australian market. The finding suggests that stock liquidity positively relates to firm dividend payouts. The result holds after controlling for different model estimations and different measures of stock liquidity/dividend. To address endogeneity issue, I use the removal of broker identities by the ASX in 2005 as an exogenous shock to stock liquidity. The result suggests that there is an increase in stock liquidity around this shock, leading to an increase in firm dividend, suggesting a causal effect of stock liquidity on firm dividend. I further document that stock liquidity enhances firm dividend through reducing cash-flow volatility and the effect of stock liquidity on firm dividend is weaker for firms reporting imputation tax credit.     

Stock exchange merger and liquidity: The case of Euronext

The paper empirically investigates the effects of the Euronext stock exchange merger on listed firms, i.e. the merger of stock exchanges in Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon and Paris. Specifically, it examines how exchange consolidation has affected stock liquidity and how the effect varies with firm type, i.e. what types of firms benefit the most in terms of stock liquidity and other financial outcomes. The results show asymmetric liquidity gains from the stock exchange merger, where the positive effects are concentrated among big firms and firms with foreign sales. There is not a significant increase in stock liquidity of small or medium sized firms, nor of firms that only operate domestically. Beyond the significant size and foreign exposure effects (i.e. big firms and firms with foreign sales gain), the analysis finds no systematic pattern in the distribution of merger benefits across industries or listing locations. The merger is associated with an increase in Euronext's market share, where the increase is drawn from the London Stock Exchange. There is however no evidence of Euronext enhancing its competitive stand in terms of attracting new firm listings.     

Does stock market development always improve firm-level financing? Evidence from Tunisia

The question of whether or not increased stock market size allows for improved financing conditions for firms in emerging markets is an important one for policy-making. This paper seeks to investigate this issue by analyzing whether increases in market-level liquidity have indeed trickled down to individual firms over the last decade of stock market development in Tunisia, a fast-growing Mediterranean emerging market. We develop time varying liquidity scores for all firms listed in the Tunisian market over the 1997–2009 period and analyze the extent to which market development, firm-level characteristics and risk exposure affect the magnitude and the distribution of liquidity using a set of fixed effect panel regressions. Our results suggest that massive increases in value traded have created market congestion, thereby increasing the costs of trading, in a context of persistently low efficiency and increased international integration. The main implications of this process are (i) market-level development and international integration are not sufficient conditions to ease access to finance for local firms, (ii) further reforms in the Tunisian market should focus on diversifying corporate ownership and improving the disclosure of information, and (iii) international investors seeking diversification in Tunisia should be aware of a significant illiquidity risk.