关于我国税制现代化的若干思考

成熟定型的税制体系是实现税收现代化的起点和前提。如何配合好中央全面改革的战略部署、配合好国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的要求,积极稳妥地进行税制改革、推进税制现代化,是一个需要深入研究的重大课题。本文在厘清税务与税收、税收现代化、税收治理与税收改革、税收改革与税制改革概念的基础上,就税制改革的方向定位、价值理念、属性特征、职能目标、实现路径等问题提出了总体设想,对实现我国税制现代化作出了粗浅思考。     

税务管理体制下的税制改革研究

税制改革不仅是我国税务管理的重要内容,同时也对我国税收行业的发展有着至关重要的影响。为了进一步研究税务管理体制下的税制改革,本文通过概述税务管理体制与税制改革,对税务管理体制下,税制改革的具体途径进行了研究,以期进一步提高我国税制改革的效率以及实际成效,进而为我国税收行业的稳定发展提供保障。     

中国30年税制改革的逻辑(上)

30年来,中国的税制改革最初与财力困境有一定联系,但从根本上看,是经济改革推动了税制改革,税制改革本身也构成了经济改革的一部分。税制改革是制度需求者和供给者互动的产物,是改革者知识结构发生变化的结果。政府转型是税制改革的新动力。     

信息化在税制改革中的功能定位及完善

以统一税法、公平税负、优化结构、提高效率为总体目标的新一轮税制改革是在适应国内外经济形势变化和完善社会主义市场经济体制的背景下启动的，同时也是在全球信息技术获得快速发展和我国税收管理信息化初具规模的基础上进行的，研究税制与税收信息化之间的关系，总结出一些规律性的东西，对提高新一轮税制改革的实施效果大有裨益。     

论税制改革、优化与税收征管均衡发展

税制改革与优化为税收征管创造良好的实施基础,有助于税收征管质量和效率的提高;税收征管是税制改革与优化的制约因素,良好的税收征管是保证税制有效运行的手段,税收征管质量和效率的提高有利于税制改革与优化,为税制改革与优化提供更广阔的空间。只有税制改革、优化与税收征管均衡发展,才能更好地实现税收政策的经济社会目标,充分发挥税收的作用。     

税制改革的意义和基本原则

税制改革的意义和基本原则贾风昌，沈化然一、对现行税制进行重大改革是发展社会主义市场经济的客观要求。对现行税制进行重大改革，是发展社会主义市场经济的客观要求。加速建立社会主义市场经济体制，为税制改革提供了一个很好的机遇。税制改革将有利于加强和改善宏观调...     

中国30年税制改革的逻辑(下)

三、税制改革的逻辑30年税制改革是制度的需求者与供给者互动的结果。税制改革是一场政府主导型的制度变迁。政府转型是税制改革得以持续的动力。     

我国改革开放以来税制改革经验总结与展望

本文全面总结了我国改革开放以来税制改革的历史进程,对相关历史经验进行了提炼与总结,明确了我国税制改革的渐进式路径是客观需要与有益经验的结合。同时,我国的税制现状表明其依然处于过渡时期,进一步的改革当以健全并优化税制体系,增强税收调控能力,保证其财政收入的主体地位及进一步推进税收法制化为主要内容。     

实际最优税制改革理论与我国税制改革(上)

2004年开始的新一轮税制改革不是即时推行的一次性改革,而是在其后若干时期内分步实施的阶段性改革。那么,其分步实施的理论依据是什么(即税制改革分步实施受哪些因素决定),应采取何种改革路径,改革会产生哪些经济效应,例如推行物业税改革会不会导致房地产价格大幅度下降等等,这些都是必须进行深入分析的重要问题。从税制改革的实际情况出发,深入分析起点税制向终点(目标)税制转换应考虑的约束条件(除生产可能性约束条件以外),以及实际税制改革路径选择及其经济效应,确立市场型税收体系,是我国税制改革的方向。     

浅论新税制改革对会计工作的影响

中国从目前的战略机遇期和"十二五"规划期,各项改革在不断的推进,新会计准则、新税制改革相互推进并且不断地完善。财税的改革和经济、社会、政治的改革显然形成了非常密切的关系,在众多相互关系中,税制改革如何更好地处理税收与会计关系是一个重要方面。税制结构的调整必然影响企业会计的核算,所以,新税制在实施的同时,企业更注重的是会计核算方面的工作,本文也在新税制对企业会计工作产生的影响进行了探讨。     

从欧盟国家的单一税改革看税收政策的有效性

本文首先对税收政策及其有效性的标准进行了诠释;其次从单一税改革的实践及其成就两个方面介绍了欧盟国家的单一税改革;再次总结了单一税改革的特点并对其税收的有效性进行了评价;最后得出了单一税对我国进行税制改革的一些启示。     

Pro-poor indirect tax reforms,with an application to Mexico

This paper proposes a methodology for testing for whether tax reforms are pro-poor. This is done by extending stochastic dominance techniques to identify tax reforms that will be deemed absolutely or relatively pro-poor by a wide spectrum of poverty analysts. The statistical properties of the various estimators are also derived in order to make the method implementable using survey data. The methodology is used to assess the pro-poorness of possible reforms to Mexico’s indirect tax system. This leads to the identification of several possible pro-poor tax reforms in that country. It also shows how the pro-poorness of a tax reform depends on one’s conception of poverty as well as on the revenue and efficiency impact of the reform.     

物业税改革对地区间税收分配差距的影响

本文通过对地区间税收分配差距指标的分析,认为开征物业税很可能会扩大我国地区间税收分配差距。在当前物业税改革过程中,需要充分重视该问题的研究。建议将土地出让金制度和财政转移支付制度改革,作为物业税改革总体规划的重要配套措施,统筹设计相关制度,以有效防止地区间税收分配差距的不合理扩大,促进地区间经济协调、平衡发展。     

The German Tax Reform of 2000

Fundamental tax reform was a long time coming to Germany, but the landmark package of reforms agreed in July 2000 is substantially altering the business and personal tax environment. This paper describes and evaluates those reforms. It assesses the likely impact on investment and labor supply, and focuses particularly on key structural aspects of reform: the end of imputation, and the abolition of tax on corporate holdings in other corporations. Given Germany's prominence in Europe, and the structure of fiscal relations within Germany, it evaluates too the likely impact on other jurisdictions.     

On the political economics of tax reforms: survey and empirical assessment

Political constraints and incentives are the true driver of tax reforms. This paper reviews the political economics literature on personal income tax systems and reforms to see how political mechanisms help explain tax reforms. We take some of the implications of these theories to the data using LABREF, a database that identifies labor tax reforms in the European Union for the period 2000–2007, and control for economic and labor market factors. We find that political variables carry more weight than economic variables, and we show empirical regularities that support political economy theories. We also find that governments tended to reform more in better economic times, engaging in pro-cyclical behavior.     

世界税制改革趋势及我们的对策

随着经济全球化的逐步深化和我国改革开放的不断发展,我国正在更深层次地融入全球市场。顺应世界税制改革趋势,完善我国税收制度是大势所趋。本文在总结20世纪中后期以来世界税制改革趋势的基础上,提出了完善我国税制改革的对策建议。     

中美所得税改革取向的差异

本文认为,中国、美国截然相反的消费和储蓄经济结构,决定了两国所得税改革的政策取向不同。美国实行消费型的联邦所得税改革符合其低储蓄、高消费的经济现状,而我国高储蓄、高投资、低消费的经济结构,决定了我国应实行储蓄型或投资型税制改革,我国所得税的改革应更多地鼓励消费而不是储蓄或投资。     

Tax reforms and the underground economy: a simulation-based analysis

This paper studies the effects of several tax reforms in an economy where taxes are partially evaded by means of undeclared work. To this purpose, we consider a two-sector dynamic general equilibrium model calibrated to Italy which explicitly accounts for underground production. We construct various tax reform scenarios, such as ex ante budget-neutral tax shifts from direct to indirect taxes, and tax cuts on labor and business financed by decreases of government spending. Our results indicate that neglecting the existence of the underground sector may lead to severely miscalculating the macroeconomic effects of tax reforms. Further, the dimension of the underground sector is permanently and considerably reduced by changes in the tax mix that diminish the labor tax wedge. Reductions of the business tax prove to be highly expansionary in the presence of a sizable informal sector.     

Tax reforms and the capital structure of banks

This paper studies the link between corporate income tax (CIT) reforms and domestic banks’ financing decisions. We use a dataset of CIT reforms and estimate the effect of tax rate changes on leverage, dividend policies and earnings management of banks. The results suggest that taxation influences all three variables. Leverage increases with the CIT rate in the first three years after the reform. The reason is that the statutory CIT rate determines the value of the debt tax shield. A higher tax rate increases incentives to use debt finance when interest payments are deductible from the CIT base. The tax effects we find are statistically and economically significant but considerably lower than those found in previous research. Also, dividend pay-outs increase after an increase in CIT rates. This could indicate that banks actively manage their pay-out policies around tax reforms and adjust their capital structure with changes in dividends. Furthermore, banks increase loss loan reserves in anticipation of tax rate cuts since losses become less valuable with lower CIT rates.     

Pollution and reforms of domestic and trade taxes towards uniformity

This paper builds a small open economy trade model where there is pollution from the production and consumption of goods. In the presence of production and consumption pollution, we examine a piecemeal consumer-price-neutral reform of the tariff and consumption tax and a piecemeal producer-price-neutral reform of the export and production taxes on a specific good. The paper identifies sufficient conditions under which the above tax reforms improve welfare and increase government tax revenues.