经理人治理理论模型：述评与展望

近几十年来完善公司治理以减少经理人代理成本的研究得到了蓬勃发展,其中一个分支是经理人治理研究。经理人治理作用受到学术界广泛关注,并取得了丰富的研究成果,为经理人市场变迁的相关经济现象提供了颇具竞争性的理论解释。文章在系统梳理相关文献的基础上,对经理人激励、经理人能力的学习、管理才能配置等理论模型进行简要介绍与评述,最后进一步展望此领域的未来研究方向。     

经理人激励的业绩基础选择:理论分析与经验证据

本文通过整理综述相关研究文献和提出自己的认识来讨论经理人激励的业绩基础选择问题。经理人激励的业绩基础选择的基本原则是 ,哪种业绩基础在反映经理人行动方面更富含信息量 ,亦即其在反映经理人行动方面的敏感度和准确度更高 ,经理人激励合约就应赋予其更大的权重。但可能需要在业绩基础的敏感度和准确度之间进行一定的权衡。经理人激励的业绩基础选择还受其他公司治理等因素的影响。经理人激励业绩基础选择的基本原则已得到一定的经验证据支持。近 10年来 ,在美国 ,市场业绩基础似乎在经理人激励的业绩基础选择中胜出 ,但对相关经验证据需要小心予以解释 ,因这很可能是由于业绩基础质量之外的原因所致 ,并不一定说明会计业绩基础的质量低于市场业绩基础。     

上市公司股权激励的实施效应研究

股权激励作为减少代理成本的激励机制,其实施效应仍未得到一致认定,本文针对股权激励效应的主要表现和应用约束进行研究,研究发现,股权激励将股东与经理人的利益进行整合,具有提高资源配置效率和优化治理结构的作用;但外部依赖竞争性市场和内部依赖治理机制对股权激励效用的发挥起到了约束作用。     

我国上市公司治理的现状和建议

本文以我国上市公司为研究对象,指出目前在公司治理方面存在内部治理结构不尽合理、外部治理市场难以有效发挥作用、法律法规还有待完善等问题,以上问题在市场上暴露的淋漓尽致。建议通过促进上市公司股权分散化,建立合理的激励与约束机制,完善外部经理人市场,推行股票期权,建立董事及高管人员民事赔偿制度等,提高公司治理水平。     

如何建立有效的公司法人治理结构

法人治理结构是现代企业制度建设的关键环节,建立有效的公司法人治理结构必须从完善内部治理机制、健全外部治理机制以及对职业经理人的激励与约束等方面来进行,使公司的各个利益相关人相互制衡、协调运转,从而促进公司的发展。     

公司治理:花旗与德意志银行比较

公司治理是涉及产品市场、资本市场、经理人市场、信用制度、法律框架、产权界定等诸多领域的庞大而复杂的研究领域。由于法律制度、资本市场、政治体制的差异,各国公司治理结构不尽相同,加之银行是一种经营货币的特殊公司,其公司治理     

公司法人治理的治标之策和治本之道

本文将公司法人治理(Corporate Governance)机制分为属于治本之道的内部治理机制(具体包括董事会治理、监事会治理、薪酬机制和股权治理等)和属于治标之策的外部治理机制(具体包括法律体系对投资者的保护、公司控制权市场及经理人市场是否完备、机构投资者的作用等)。本文兼顾有关理论以及我国具体情况的分析,尝试探讨我国实现良好公司法人治理机制的有效路径。     

企业经理人报酬契约的嵌入性结构分析

"经济人"假设前提下的企业经理人激励理论对现代企业存在的某些现象无法给出合理解释,我们在放宽了"经济人"假设前提的关系合同理论基础上,通过对合同治理结构(权威治理和双边治理)和嵌入人际关系(对称结构和非对称结构)的匹配对经理人的报酬契约进行分析,认为国有企业属于权威型的不对称结构,而民营企业属于双边治理的对称结构。因此,国有企业经理人的报酬契约模式相对单一且倾向于政府干预,而民营企业经理人的报酬契约模式更加多样化并倾向于市场治理。     

激励强度、公司治理与企业业绩研究综述

从20世纪90年代起,围绕企业业绩、激励强度以及公司治理出现了大量的实证文献。这些研究往往分为三类,一类研究激励强度与企业业绩,体现为经理人的报酬与企业业绩的相关性;一类研究激励强度与公司治理,体现在较强公司治理情况下的管理者的较低租金;一类研究公司治理与企业业绩,体现在较好的公司治理体制下的优良绩效。本文通过围绕这三类文献的综合评述,研究这三者的内在联系与外在表现,探讨有关理论的发展路径与可能方向,以期对完善我国管理者激励约束机制有所启示。     

关于股票期权会计处理及相关问题的研究

薪酬性的股票期权(compensatory stock option,简称股票期权)制度,是20世纪中期兴起,80年代以后在西方国家的大公司中流行起来的一种长期激励方式.它是利用股票价格涨落对经理人绩效的度量作用来对他们进行长期激励.本文拟从股票期权与公司治理的关系即股票期权作为公司治理机制的一个激励环节这一角度就国内外学者的研究文献进行简要概述.主要介绍股票期权作为一种激励机制的会计处理及其相关的问题.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Aims and Scope

<正>The focus of the China Journal of Accounting Research is to publish theoretical and empirical research papers that use contemporary research methodologies to...     

Income smoothing and the cost of debt

The literature on income smoothing focuses on the effect of earnings smoothing on the equity market.This paper investigates the effect of income smoothing on th...     

The case for management history

This article defines the case for treating management history as a discrete subject area, although one closely related to business, accounting, labour, and industrial history. It seeks to concentrate on the nature, process, and practice of management as an activity within the organization, and to argue that it is important that modern British managers understand the intellectual and cultural roots of their profession, since without these they will tend to be swayed by short-term management 'fads'. Within the broad topic there are several identifiable sub-areas for potential exploration, including the comparative historical development of management between different countries, management institutions, managerial careers and labour markets, management structures, management skills, and management thought and theory.     

The life and career of John Spence Ogilvy (1805-71), the first chartered accountant to emigrate to Australia

So far as the available evidence allows, this paper examines the life and career of John Spence Ogilvy, foundation member of the Society of Accountants in Edinburgh in 1854, who emigrated to Melbourne in 1856, but did not play a part in the development of an organized accounting profession in Australia. The paper also attempts to explain the gap of thirty-two years between the formation of the first accounting bodies in Edinburgh and Melbourne.     

Female CFOs and loan contracting: Financial conservatism or gender discrimination? – An empirical test based on collateral clauses

Based on signaling and gender discrimination theory, we examine whether chief financial officer(CFO) gender matters to bank–firm relationships and the designing...     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

<正>The China Journal of Accounting Research‘‘CJAR’’(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditin...     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.