在建工程抵押贷款的法律风险及其防范

随着我国房地产业的迅速发展，以在建工程抵押向银行申请贷款已经成为房地产开发企业融资的重要方式，在建工程抵押贷款占银行开发贷款的比重也逐步增加。由于在建工程抵押同时涉及房地产开发企业、银行、购房人、在建工程承包人、税收部门、保险人、抵押登记部门等多方当事人，法律关系特别复杂，银行必须十分谨慎地操     

在建工程抵押贷款的法律问题分析及其风险防范

随着我国房地产业的快速发展,以在建工程抵押向银行申请贷款已经成为房地产开发企业融资的重要方式,在建工程抵押贷款占银行开发贷款的比重也逐步增加。由于在建工程抵押所涉及的法律关系复杂,且现有法律规定不够完善,银行面临的风险不容忽视。文章拟结合信贷实践,对银行在办理在建工程抵押贷款过程中可能存在的法律风险进行分析,并就如何防范、化解风险进行初步探讨,以期抛砖引玉。     

房地产在建工程抵押贷款操作风险探讨

近几年我国房地产业发展迅猛,房地产在建工程抵押贷款已成为项目融资开发的主要方式.但是由于在建工程在权属关系和权利价值等方面都存在不确定性,相关法律法规和房地产市场监管也正在实践中逐步完善,在建工程抵押的特殊性给银行办理在建工程抵押信贷业务带来了许多操作风险问题.本文对房地产在建工程抵押贷款业务的操作风险进行分析,并就实践中如何防范和化解风险进行初步探讨.     

对抵押贷款评估中价值类型的认识

抵押贷款业务是金融机构的主要业务,而房地产抵押贷款又是抵押贷款业务中的主要业务。本文对其评估中的价值类型和抵押权进行了分析,提出应重视抵押贷款评估中价值类型的确定。     

抵押房地产中存在的风险及控制

房地产开发贷款、个人住房贷款,以及其他贷款,通常将房地产作为抵押物。而房地产抵押价值如果过高,就容易造成信贷风险,如果过低,抵押物的担保作用就得不到充分发挥。《关于规范与银行信贷业务相关的房地产抵押估价管理有关问题的通知》明确要求商业银行在发放房地产抵押贷款前,要确定房地产抵押价值,作为核定贷款发放额的依据。评估师客观、合理地确定抵押房地产的市场价值,对于有效控制和规避房地产抵押评估中存在的风险就尤为重要。     

在建工程抵押贷款的法律分析

在日常信贷业务操作中不少企业以正在建设的建筑工程作抵押向金融机构融资。由于在建工程抵押贷款同时涉及企业、银行、在建工程承包人、税务、抵押登记部门等多方当事人，法律关系相对一般的房地产抵押贷款业务较为复杂，商业银行对在建工程抵押贷款都持着比较谨慎的态度。本拟结合操作实际，在现有的法律、法规框架内，就办理在建工程抵押贷款过程中应注意的法律问题进行粗浅的分析，以期抛砖引玉。     

在建工程抵押价值评估有关问题的探讨

本文从在建工程评估自身的特点出发,针对在建工程抵押价值评估与普通房地产评估的不同,从在建工程的评估对象,现场勘查,评估时点和评估方法四个方面进行探讨,提出了在建工程抵押评估时需关注的问题。     

浅析在建工程抵押贷款的风险及防范

目前,在建工程抵押贷款已经成为金融机构的重要信贷产品,但由于在建工程抵押贷款涉及银行、企业、购房人、在建工程承包人等多方当事人,法律关系相比一般的房地产抵押复杂,银行在行使在建工程抵押权的过程中,往往会遇到一般的房地产抵押所不曾遇到的风险。如果银行操作不当,很可能出现法律风险,造成信贷资产损失。本文就银行在办理在建工程抵押贷款过程中可能存在的法律风险进行分析,并就如何防范风险进行初步探讨。     

在建工程抵押贷款操作中有关保险问题的认识误区

所谓“在建工程抵押”，是指“抵押人为取得在建工程继续建造资金的贷款，以其合法方式取得的土地使用权连同在建工程的投入资产，以不转移占有的方式抵押给贷款银行作为偿还贷款履行担保的行为”（见建设部1997年5月9日发布的《城市房地产抵押管理办法》第三条）。     

房地产抵押贷款评估中存的贷款风险诱因

正确评估房地产抵押价值,是有效防范房地产金融风险的重要环节,从目前已发生的贷款银行与评估机构纠纷案例入手,分别从房地产抵押贷款评估的原则、程序、方法、制度以及专业评估人员素质五个方面,分析由于目前房地产抵押贷款风险和金融隐患。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.