生产企业供应链中成本管理分析——以双胞胎企业为例

在全球化和外包策略被广泛用于提高企业核心竞争力的今天,许多企业已经选择了供应链管理和物流管理作为一种必须采取的战略步骤,并以此获得竞争优势。在企业实施了供应链管理之后,供应链成本管理将成为这些企业之间优势差异的新的突破潜力。本论文论述了供应链成本的基本概念,在介绍生产企业供应链管理特点和双胞胎集团公司背景及产品制定标准之后分析了双胞胎公司在成本管理方面存在的问题并提出相应的降低成本的措施。     

企业供应链成本控制研究

成本控制是企业管理的一项重要内容,随着经济全球化、信息化的发展,企业间竞争已在很大程度上转变为供应链与供应链之间的竞争.企业在不同的经营管理模式下需要不同的成本管理方法,在企业实施供应链管理之后,必然需要进行供应链成本管理来获得竞争势,如何有效地对整个供应链上的成本进行管理将成为未来企业成本管理发展的重点和难点.供应链管理已引起理论界和实务界的广泛关注.本文主要对企业供应链成本控制存在的问题与对策进行研究.     

供应链采购环节成本动因分析

供应链管理是一种新兴的、很有魅力的管理思想和管理模式,已成为制约企业生存与发展的核心要素,无论是工业企业、商业企业还是物流企业,经营是企业的主心骨,是企业发展最为重要、关键的环节.其中,如何有效地运用企业的物流采购供应链及其资源是现代企业面临的重大难题之一,并且在企业经营战略中占有攸关置要的地位,是全面改善和大力提升企业整体管理水平的重要环节.因此采购物流成本的管理与控制是企业发展最根本的决定因素.本文首先通过系统的阐述供应链管理的概念、背景和内容,从而构筑了本文的理论基础;继而,加入作业成本法的思想,介绍成本动因和其分类,从中对供应链管理下的采购和采购管理加以分析,并提出了本文研究的问题:引起企业采购管理的成本动因是什么并做分析,比较其成本动因的利弊;接着,针对所提出的问题指出了供应链环境下企业采购管理应选择的成本动因.     

供应链管理下HS公司库存成本控制问题的研究

现代企业竞争有力武器之一是成本竞争,在供应链管理视角下,链条上成本控制的目标是整体运作最小化,而库存成本占整个供应链成本的比例最大,约为30%~[1]。因此,库存成本控制在企业管理中具有举足轻重的地位,企业可以采取有效的措施控制库存成本,提升利润空间。本论文对HS公司库存成本管理进行分析,针对HS公司库存控制中的问题导致存货成本居高不下,提出了降低库存成本的有效方法,即建立供应商管理库存,对库存采用ABC分类管理法,同时加强信息系统的培训,严格业绩评价及奖惩制度等措施。     

基于供应链的物流企业成本控制探析

供应链是指在产品加工、流通过程中,供应商、制造商、销售商以及消费者共同组成的产业链,而供应链管理主要是对所涉及内容进行控制,进而使得供应链上企业实现降低成本、满足客户需求等目的.物流企业的供应链管理是整个企业管理的重点内容,如果供应链上各关联企业之间不协调,那么将会严重影响到物流企业的绩效,进而增加企业物流成本.本文介绍了供应链及物流成本的概念,并对基于供应链的物流企业成本控制情况进行了分析,提出了具体的相关优化措施,为控制物流企业成本提供必要的参考意见.     

供应链成本管理:发展过程与理论结构

文章分析了供应链管理和供应链成本管理的发展过程和基本动因,认为供应链成本管理体现了成本控制在时间和空间上的拓展,其基本结构包括作业优化和关系协调两个维度,其内容则涵盖了直接材料成本、作业成本和交易成本,体现了供应链成员之间合作竞争的跨组织控制思想。     

供应链管理模式下的采购成本控制

伴随着经济的发展和进步,我国企业的管理不断向着现代化的方向发展,其中供应链管理方式是其中一种先进的管理方式,通过对管理制度的改革和创新使其发挥重要的作用。在如今企业管理中供应链方式得到了大范围的使用。在供应链模式中发挥主要的作用的是采购的成本控制工作,采购成本与整个企业的经济效益都有着直接的联系。通过将供应链管理应用于采购成本控制中,能够更好的达到控制目标,下面文章对相关内容进行简要的阐述,以供参考。     

低碳供应链视角下企业销售物流成本研究

本文从低碳供应链的视角出发,探求企业销售物流成本管理的方法。本文首先对企业销售物流成本产生流程进行分析,在清晰销售物流流程的基础上,以建立企业销售物流成本数学模型,并在数学模型基础上,采用系统动力学方法建立仿真模拟,最后根据仿真模拟结果加以分析,对低碳供应链视角下企业销售物流成本管理措施提出了相关建议。     

供应链成本分配的权变结构研究

立足世界范围内国际垂直分工趋势与我国作为世界制造业大国背景,剖析供应链成本分配的内在机理,提出动态视角下的供应链成本分配权变结构:(1)供应链成本分配权变动因来自于商业自利性、管理多目标性、政治多维性三种力量共同作用;(2)供应链成本分配权变结构是由"分配-环境-约束-博弈"四个部分组成。文章的成本分配权变结构思想对一般企业成本分配理论的完善也有借鉴价值。     

供应链成本管理在制造企业成本控制中的应用

随着经济和技术的飞速发展,市场供需天平逐渐向需方倾斜,制造企业面临着转型压力,传统的只注重企业内部的成本管理方法已越来越不能适应企业改革发展的需要.而通过在供应链上的成本管理,让企业的成本控制更合理有效,运用供应链成本管理成为企业成本控制的方向.     

The impacts of inventory in transfer pricing and net income: Differences between traditional accounting and throughput accounting

This research proposes the Theory of Constraints (TOC) throughput accounting (TA) as an alternative management control mechanism in an international transfer pricing setting. We compare TA with the traditional accounting method and demonstrate that the traditional method underestimate factors as demand variation and inventories, which affects decisions, such as moving production to an offshore plant. A detailed system dynamics model is built to simulate the production process in an offshore supply chain to compare the methods. The study aims to fill a gap in the management accounting studies and contribute to the understanding of international transfer pricing and their management controls, exploring more than just the tax savings, which are usually considered isolated from operational factors for supply chain (SC) offshoring decisions. Furthermore, we conduct a brief literature review, present the model and discuss the results. It has been observed that inventory levels are an important part of accounting, offshored supply chains, and transfer pricing. Traditional cost and accounting methods favour higher inventory levels, and they can overestimate net income results up to 70% – especially in higher demand variation scenarios – when compared to the throughput accounting.     

The Role of Auditing in Buyer-Supplier Relations

Supply chain management has emerged as one of the more important topics in managerial accounting. The importance of information exchange between parties involved in supply chains has also been well documented. By addressing the value of audits in this setting, this theoretical paper serves to link two strains of accounting research: the managerial topic of supply chain effectiveness and the value of the audit function, in particular audits of the suppliers conducted by the buyers. We analyze the role of supplier audits with long-term, profit sharing contracts between the buyers and suppliers. Through a stylized model, we demonstrate that when random supplier audits are conducted, the buyer can effectively leave zero informational rents to the supplier, regardless of the supplier's cost type.     

价值链分析中作业成本法的应用--一个案例的启示

公司间的关系给管理会计带来了新的课题,如何提供信息以达到协调和优化供应链上的企业之间的活动就成为其中一个挑战.价值链分析就是解决这个问题的一种方法.但是,在实际运用中利用价值链分析来解决这个问题还鲜有报道.本文拟以介绍英国零售企业森伯利公司及其36家供应商为例,以作业成本法来支持价值链管理的运用,以期对我国进一步研究价值链会计有所启示.     

How multi-sourcing can influence management control: Case study evidence from the electronic products supply chain

This study investigates how multi-sourcing can influence the use of management controls in the presence of varying buyer-supplier power dependencies. Multi-sourcing is an interorganizational design choice that can help buyers collect valuable information to facilitate cost and performance comparisons across multiple sources of supply. We leverage prior research to develop a conceptual framework that highlights how multi-sourcing can enable buyers to use cost management and performance management controls differently depending on the nature of buyer-supplier power dependencies. We then use case studies of three electronic product manufacturers to illustrate the framework, yielding empirically testable propositions regarding when multi-sourcing may enable cost management controls, performance management controls, and both types of control. The evidence demonstrates the importance of simultaneously considering multiple interorganizational design choices when studying management controls in supply chains. We also highlight how multi-sourcing may help supply chains promote non-financial goals, including those related to environmental and social activities.     

Accounting towards sustainability in production and supply chains

Growing interest in sustainability and corporate supply chains accompanies increased globalisation across developed and developing countries, a stronger focus on the logistics of procurement behind international trade, and information flows between parties about corporate economic, social and environmental performance. Accounting provides information to oil the wheels of supply chain relationships. The purpose of this paper is to consider what an accounting for sustainability of production and supply chains might look like. An overview is provided of the issues associated with a broadening of accounting needed for sustainable supply chains. The paper highlights: ongoing problems of scope and terminology, lack of a broad sustainability focus because of complexity which stunts the impact on decision makers, and the need for transdisciplinary teams to increase connectedness and performance of the supply chain. The need for further research relating to three issues is identified. First, who undertakes the accounting for supply chains; second, why should a business function account for supply chain involvement; and, third, what information is relevant to different functional managers?     

THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN: SURVEY AND EXTENSIONS

This paper investigates the capabilities of social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, Delicious, Digg and others, for their current and potential impact on the supply chain. In particular, this paper examines the use of social media to capture the impact on supply‐chain events and develop a context for those events. This paper also analyses the use of social media in the supply chain to build relationships among supply‐chain participants. Further, this paper investigates the of use of user‐supplied tags as a basis of evaluating and extending an ontology for supply chains. In addition, using knowledge discovery from social media, a number of concepts related to the supply chain are examined, including supply‐chain reputation and influence within the supply chain. Prediction markets are analysed for their potential use in supply chains. Finally, this paper investigates the integration of traditional knowledge management along with knowledge generated from social media. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

供应链成本控制:价值引擎与方法集成

本文以伙伴关系与信息共享为基础,分析了供应链成本控制中关系性租金和跨组织学习两种价值引擎。从时间序列、空间范围、流程深化三个角度,论证了全生命周期成本控制、跨组织成本控制、协同价值链分析三个供应链成本控制概念对各种成本控制方法的拓展与集成。在当前条件下,以伙伴关系为基础,加强成员间的信息共享与跨组织学习,开展供应链集成成本控制,有利于提升供应链竞争力。     

Effect of internal cost management,information systems integration,and absorptive capacity on inter-organizational cost management in supply chains

Inter-organizational cost management is a strategic cost management approach to managing costs that span organizational boundaries in supply chains. Drawing on the resource-based view of the firm, we develop a model to predict which inter-related resources might enable companies to manage inter-organizational costs. We test this model using a survey of managerial accountants whose organizations are part of a supply chain. Using structural equation modeling, we conclude that the resources of internal electronic integration, external electronic integration, internal cost management, and absorptive capacity play significant direct and indirect roles in the development of an inter-organizational cost management (IOCM) resource. We find that these resources are inter-related and together are useful in enabling companies to ultimately benefit from managing inter-organizational costs. We find in particular the importance of relational resources associated with absorptive capacity in the development of an IOCM resource. Our research contributes to theory and practice by explaining how specific resources can be combined in allowing companies to better manage inter-organizational costs.     

Pseudo resilient supply chains: concept,traits, and practices

Supply chain vulnerability (SCV) and its counterpart supply risk management are increasingly researched in recent years. SCV is often quantifiable and can be effectively monitored if practices are implemented on a systematic basis. It is essentially more important to extend the research in supply chain risk management so as to address certain traits where the companies perform poor or areas where they overlook their performances. Here, we introduce the concept and property, the so-called pseudo resilience in supply chains where supply chains pretend to perform better in its risk management capabilities, but are essentially vulnerable. Pseudo resilience is an incessant nature of many supply chains to overlook concomitant risks. Typical traits of pseudo resilience were identified in this research and a brief analysis of the disruptions and its effects was done. This research is a maiden effort in the direction of addressing the property of pseudo resilience in supply chains. It is imperative for managers to identify the traits of pseudo resilience in their supply chains so as to avoid the ill effects resulting from it. Further quantitative and qualitative researches are recommended for evincing the property of pseudo resilience in supply chains.