公共财务受托责任、绩效评价与政府财务报告改革

公共财务受托责任的归宿在于绩效评价,政府财务报告是绩效评价所需绩效信息的重要来源.这就要求以绩效评价为导向,从目标、主体、基础、报表体系和报表内容等方面推进政府财务报告改革,使政府财务报告能够提供可靠、相关的绩效信息,来合理评价政府的公共财务受托责任.     

权责发生制政府综合财务报告制度建设若干重要问题的研究(下)

三、政府综合财务报告应用体系研究有效应用政府综合财务报告信息是建立政府综合财务报告制度的重要目标之一。政府综合财务报告使用者及其使用信息的着眼点,决定了他们需要怎样的财务信息,以及如何应用这些财务信息实现相应的目的。因此,应当围绕报告的各类使用者进行科学决策对政府财务信息的需求,结合政府综合财务报告包含的内容信息,深入研究政府综合财务报告对社会公众及其代议机关监督政府公共受托责任履行、     

政府会计管理模式若干问题研究（二）——政府财务报告的构成及主要内容

政府财务报告是政府会计的"产品",担负着向使用者提供有助于分析和评价政府受托业绩及受托责任履行情况的财务信息。报告的使用者可以据此作出相关决策。为了满足政府财务报告的这一目标,需要研究政府财务报告的构成及主要内容。     

美国的政府财务报告

政府财务报告是政府会计信息的最终体现,是财务报告的使用方评价政府履行受托责任的依据。美国政府财务报告以反映政府受托责任为基本指导。联邦政府的财务报告目标与州和地方政府的财务报告目标均是:反映政府的受托活动,帮助报告使用者评估政府运营绩效(主要从财务状况方面反映),帮助报告使用者评估政府提供公共服务的能力和成果(要从非财务的角度反映)。由于联邦政府的财务报告只适用于联邦部门,州和地方政府的财务报告适用于所有的州和地方政府,而州和地方政府在预算管理方面是不统一的,因此联邦政府财务报告的目标中明确了财务报告应反映预算执行情况,而州和地方政府财务报告的目标中则没有规定。     

浅谈部门财务报告信息质量的完善

一、受托责任与部门财务报告 财务报告是社会公众了解和评价公共受托责任履行情况，做出相关决策的重要信息来源渠道，美国政府会计准则委员会（GASB）在公告“财务报告的目标”中指出：“受托责任是所有政府财务报告的基础……”，并强调“在民主社会中，财务报告在体现政府履行公共责任方面发挥着重要作用”。     

我国政府财务报告改革的探讨

政府财务报告主要向社会公众提供有助于分析和评价政府的受托业绩及受托责任履行情况的财务信息，是政府与社会公众之间一座重要的信息沟通桥梁。改革政府财务报告是当前国际社会共同关注的会计问题之一。我国的政府财务报告同样需要改革完善，以期能让政府财务报告适应市场经济的需要，更好的反映政府财务状况。     

我国政府财务报告改革若干问题

政府财务报告是关系到政府能否向国家权力机关、决策机构、资源提供者、社会公众及其他利益相关者提供真实、可靠的财务信息的问题。如果政府财务报告内容残缺不全,财务信息没有足够的透明度,披露的信息不能充分揭示政府的财务状况、财务绩效及受托责任履行情况,势必失信于民,也必将给国家权力机关、决策机构及依赖政府财务信息做出相关决策的人士造成误导。所以,建立能够全面、完整、真实、可靠地反映政府财务信息,符合我国公共管理需要又与国际政府财务     

政府会计制度下改进高校财务报告分析指标体系研究

政府部门财务分析是政府财务报告的重要组成部分,财务分析主要包括财务状况分析、运行情况分析、财务管理情况等。目前从宏观层面研究政府综合财务报告的财务分析较多,缺少微观层面部门财务报告分析的研究。部门财务报告分析给内部使用者的决策、外部使用者监督和评价提供重要依据。本文以我国高校为例,结合具体实际情况,研究如何构建财务分析的指标体系.     

公共受托责任、政府会计边界与政府财务报告的理论定位

公共受托责任的复杂性与会计系统的固有缺陷决定了单一的会计系统难以满足公共受托责任多元化的信息需求。会计系统在公共领域是该保持固有属性并优化其功能,还是应扩展功能以满足公共领域复杂的信息需求,必须进行抉择。政府会计边界概念在考虑公共受托责任复杂性的前提下,运用成本效益分析,结合系统设计原理界定了政府会计功能选择的范围,并明确了政府财务报告的理论定位。     

政府财务报告编制研究--以行政事业单位为例

政府财务报告是政府做出宏观决策、制定公共政策、进行公共管理的重要信息来源，也是政府外部利益相关的社会公众了解政府财政、财务状况、衡量政府绩效、评价政府受托责任履行情况并做出相关决策的重要途径。显然，政府财务报告对于政府，乃至社会公众而言都具有重大的意义。我国现行的财务报告模式是以1997-1998年实行的预算会计制度及其财务规则为基础，     

论改进我国政府会计与财务报告

政府会计与财务报告关系到政府向社会公众及其他各方提供的财务信息是否具有真实性、完整性和可靠性的问题。本文认为 ,政府会计作为反映政府财务活动的信息系统 ,应当根据我国政府的职能及政府财务活动的内容 ,全面、完整地反映政府财务活动情况及结果。随着我国预算管理体制改革、政府职能转换 ,政府会计与财务报告应当借鉴国际公共部门会计与财务报告的通常做法 ,吸收我国企业会计与财务报告改革的成功经验 ,进行改进和完善 ,并着重从政府会计名称、政府会计对象 (内容 )、政府会计模式、政府会计基础及政府财务报告等方面进行改革 ,真正建立具有中国特色、与国际公共部门会计可比的、科学规范的政府会计与财务报告体系 ,保证政府向社会公众提供的财务信息的真实性和完整性     

FINANCIAL REPORTING IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR AND THE DEMAND FOR INFORMATION

The public good nature of information in the public sector means that the concept of direct'user need'as a basis for the development of a conceptual framework for financial reporting needs to be extended to the more general concept of'individual informational benefits'. Lack of individual demand for financial reporting information does not imply zero potential individual benefit from the use of such information. The achievement of a social optimum in the use of information is likely to require both a well-grounded conceptual framework for financial reporting and independent monitoring bodies able to make effective use of the information.     

Financial Management and Effectiveness in Public Service Organizations: The CIPFA FM Model

Improving services in the public sector is not just about front-line delivery—effective governance and financial management are key drivers for public bodies on the improvement path. Regulatory frameworks are putting these elements in the spotlight as they seek to track additional investment and its impact on services. No longer just about accounting for the money and demonstrating stewardship, financial management in the public services is about giving the right decision support and enabling the right choices. Modern public bodies need to make sure they are financially literate throughout their operations to meet their organizational goals effectively. Self-assessment and improvement planning can work for financial management and a framework developed by public finance professionals in the UK's public sector is described in this article. The article draws upon the CIPFA FM Model that is to be launched in Summer 2004.     

Governmental Financial Reporting of Heritage Assets From a User Needs Perspective

The implementation of IPSASs in European Union countries and the harmonization of governmental financial reporting are intended to respond to the needs of citizens. An important characteristic of reforms to governmental accounting and financial reporting is the incorporation within the accounting systems of all public authority assets, which include the case of ‘heritage assets’. This paper investigates to what extent IPSAS 17 responds to user needs of governmental financial reporting about heritage assets by conducting a survey of mayors and councillors in the Italian local government.     

新公共治理、政府绩效评价与我国政府财务报告的改进

新公共治理是近年来全球范围内政府治理模式变革的最新发展趋势,体现了契约政府的本质。政府绩效评价作为新公共治理得以实施的先进管理机制和战略工具,需要政府财务报告作为信息平台和制度基础,而现行的政府财务报告无力承担这一重任,所以探索绩效评价取向的政府财务报告改进问题具有迫切的现实意义。本文提出了绩效评价取向的政府财务报告目标、报告主体和报表编制基础的改进思路,在借鉴西方国家政府财务报告建设经验的基础上设计了包括绩效报告在内的多层次、复合型的政府财务报告体系。     

LOCAL GOVERNMENTS,UNEXPECTED DEPRECIATION AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ADJUSTMENT

Prior management and manipulation of financial accounting information research has overwhelmingly been focused within a private sector setting. This study adopts a public sector focus in empirically examining the use of a specific discretionary accrual (i.e., depreciation) to adjust the financial performance of New South Wales (Australia) local governments. Findings indicate a significant positive association between absolute unexpected depreciation and absolute local government income before capital contributions, and a significant positive association between absolute unexpected depreciation and capital contributions. Overall, the results make significant contributions to various literature streams with implications for various stakeholders interested in local governmental financial performance.     

Evaluating the Implementation of a Mandatory Dual Reporting System: The Case of Indonesian Local Government

Informative and transparent financial information in the public sector is crucial for improving public sector management and eradicating corruption. Given this, Indonesia has reformed its public sector accounting, reporting and accountability systems by implementing a dual reporting system known as ‘cash towards accrual’, following similar reforms in developed countries. Drawing on the experience of five local governments (districts) in Indonesia, this study finds that the implementation of the dual reporting system has helped local governments to produce transparent and informative reports. However, the accrual‐based contents of the dual reports produced by the new reporting system are underused for decision making. In addition, there has been a significant increase in costs associated with the implementation of the new accounting regime in the jurisdictions studied. The study also finds that the ability of the users to use information generated by the new accounting system is more important than just a legal and mandatory requirement to use the new system.     

Politics of Financial Reporting and the Consequences for the Public Sector

This article examines the political processes surrounding public sector accounting standard setting, in particular, the Australian decision to adopt sector-neutral International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). It contends that the history of private and public sector involvement in the accounting standard setting process to date, and recourse to regulatory theory, assist in understanding these contemporary developments. The article reveals that private sector interests have dominated accounting standard setters at all important stages of standard setting in Australia. It concludes by arguing that, given this continued neglect by standard setters, if public sector financial reporting standards are to remain relevant to the public sector, then it may be necessary for public sector regulators to set their own standards.