旅游流研究的进展、评价与展望

文章通过系统梳理旅游流研究在数量、理论基础、研究方法和研究内容等方面的相关进展,对其研究现状进行了总结和评价,并在此基础上提出了旅游流研究趋势和未来展望。从结果来看,近年来旅游流研究数量总体呈现上升趋势,其中,国内学者研究成果的增长趋势明显;理论基础和研究方法方面主要以借鉴相关学科为主;研究内容主要集中在理论框架、时空模式、流量特征、流动效应以及机理机制等5个方面。总体来看,旅游流的研究是从地理学角度对旅游学研究框架的重构。从未来研究趋势来看,旅游流研究数量还将呈现快速增长的趋势;理论方法将向体系创新及模型构建的纵深方向发展,呈现出多学科理论方法的"修正式"融合态势;研究内容将向抽象理论研究、人地关系研究以及深层机理等方面延伸和发展。     

中国旅游研究的国际影响力研究--基于2001-2014年中国学者旅游类SSCI论文统计分析

通过对2001—2014年间中国作者旅游类国际期刊论文的检索和统计，分析发现：（1）近两年来，中国大陆作者发表的论文数量增幅尤为明显；（2）中国大陆作者独立发表的论文数量有所增加，但大陆学术机构的贡献度及论文被引频次仍较低；（3）中国学者在TM上发表的论文有较强的国际影响力；（4）国际论文的数量来看，中国港澳地区学者发表旅游类SSCI论文数量略多于中国台湾学者；（5）中国台湾和中国香港的高被引文章比例较高，在国际旅游学界有较大的影响。通过对不同时期论文的关键词分析提取出的研究热点和研究方向发现，中国作者的旅游研究总体从宏观转向微观，并且对旅游者行为的态度和感知研究更加深入，将对国际旅游学术界的相关领域产生一定的学术影响。     

《地理学报》视野中的旅游研究——特征、主题与阶段演变

《地理学报》是刊载地理学研究权威成果的最具影响力的国内学术期刊,刊载的旅游地理学学术研究成果反映了该学科的特征、主题和发展态势。本文以《地理学报》刊载的旅游研究论文为数据样本,采用CiteSpace软件绘制旅游地理学相关领域30年来的研究成果图谱,可视化展现其主要学术力量、热点主题、研究方法及其时间演变过程,从而考察30年来该学科领域的发展趋势。研究发现：旅游地理学载文数量日益增多,主题呈现多元化。相关成果有明显的阶段性特征,经历了起步转向、继承发展和综合发展的3个旅游研究阶段。同时,整体研究呈现向东部倾斜的趋势,且实证研究多于理论研究,旅游地理学的理论体系亟待完善。未来需加强学科间的交流与合作,重视理论创新、学科交叉,促使旅游地理学迸发出新的生命活力。     

从《旅游学刊》和《Annals of Tourism Research》的比较看中外旅游研究的异同和趋向

为深入理解中外旅游研究的异同，文章对2000年以来《Annals of Tourism Research》和《旅游学刊》发表的论文进行了比较分析。研究表明中外旅游研究在研究内容、研究方法以及研究思路等方面存在着明显差异。前者侧重于旅游影响、旅游人类学、旅游社会学与生态旅游等方面的研究，而后者涉猎面更广泛，如对旅游经济与管理、旅游资源开发与规划等偏实用领域的关注；此外，前者研究方法以数理统计为多，后者多以描述性的论述为主。研究通过对近期两大中外权威杂志的对比分析，以期对国内旅游研究，以及对《旅游学刊》的未来发展有所裨益。     

基于Citespace的国内旅游流研究文献计量学分析

<正>文章首先利用Citespace 6.2.R4软件对旅游流研究文献的关键词进行共现关系、聚类、突现等定量分析,生成可视化网络知识图谱,得出相关结果。然后对结果进行分析,发现旅游流研究过程中的不足,提出旅游流未来的研究趋势。具体而言:第一,从旅游流本体来看,在理论基础、数据获取、实施运用过程中仍然存在不足,对此建立旅游流理论、融合使用新旧方法是未来研究趋势之一;第二,从旅游流外延的作用来看,旅游流宏观调控、景区旅游交通网络设计不足,景区旅游乱象繁多,造成旅游资源不可持续发展,对此为旅游优质发展提供标准,促进旅游经济、社会文化、人与环境协调发展是未来研究趋势之一。     

从2000～2009年《旅游学刊》载文统计探究旅游学术研究的发展

本文运用数理统计对《旅游学刊》2000～2009①年共83期载文的研究内容、研究方法、基金资助等指标进行统计分析。研究发现:10年来旅游学术的研究内容以旅游研究的问题与方法及接待业研究为主,旅游环境及交通研究处于相对无人问津的局面;研究方法多以定性研究和综述及理论构建为主;文献的基金资助10年来增加明显,以省级资助为主;载文作者所处地域则是以经济较发达的东部地区占绝大部分,中西部比例较小,但中西部部分省份旅游学术研究发展速度较快。     

中国旅游研究的国际影响力分析——基于对2001～2012年国内外旅游类核心期刊论文的统计

文章通过对2001～2012年间中国两岸四地作者旅游类国际期刊论文的检索和统计,分析发现：（1）中国作者发表的论文总量呈增长趋势,且大陆的增幅尤为明显;（2）中国大陆作者独立发表的论文数量、大陆学术机构的贡献度及论文被引频次较低;（3）通过对不同时期两岸四地论文的关键词分析提取出的研究热点和研究方向发现,中国作者的旅游研究总体从宏观转向微观,由预测、规划转向动机、满意度研究,其中,大陆和港澳台的研究各偏重于不同的方向。文章还从《旅游学刊》文章被国际期刊论文引用的角度进行分析,研究发现,大陆学者正在以学术交流和学生联合培养的方式合作发表论文并引用中文旅游学术期刊文章,从而使之产生一定国际影响力。通过对国内外核心期刊的分析,研究近10年中国旅游研究的国际影响力变化趋势及其影响因素,为旅游学术共同体尤其是大陆学者提升其学术成果的国际影响力提供方向参考。     

影视旅游研究:一个应有的深度学术关照——20年来国内外影视旅游文献综述

本文通过对20年(1989～2008)来国内外影视旅游文献资料的梳理,发现学界对影视旅游的研究主要集中在影视旅游的形成因素、功能、开发模式、营销、存在问题及对策等方面.对影视旅游研究成果基本上处于初级描述状态,大量文献是一般性"影响研究",深层次的研究较为薄弱;在方法上,定性研究明显多于定量研究.本文认为,随着影视旅游的发展和人们对旅游需求层次的不断提高,影视旅游发展方式和趋势将呈现多元化特征,内容营造和游客参与将凸显主题性和动态性,影视旅游的功能价值将在实践中不断扩展.我国影视旅游研究应该在学术关照上提升水平,今后更应该注重影视旅游与影视文化产业之间的关联度、影视旅游发展对吸引游客之间关联度及影视旅游的开发模式等方面的研究.本文成果对影视旅游研究脉络的把握和推动影视旅游及其产业的健康发展有一定的启示.     

近10年国外城市休闲研究：特征、比较与启示

休闲是衡量城市社会文明和居民生活质量的标尺，城市的进步伴随着休闲的发展。基于Elsevier Science Direct数据库，对2000～2010年与城市休闲相关的文献进行检索和分类分析，研究发现，国外对城市休闲的研究多采用理论综述、问卷调查、模型设计与定量评价、GIS数据分析、视频跟踪描述、案例比较说明等方法；研究内容包括城市休闲理论、城市休闲价值与影响、城市休闲主体、城市休闲客体和城市休闲管理与保障等5大研究模块；基于地理学对城市休闲的研究占研究论文总量的25％，主要包括对城市公园、绿地、自然保护区、海滨等休闲空间的规划、开发，休闲项目评价管理等研究；国内外学者在城市休闲定位、城市休闲空间建设方向选择、城市休闲主体研究等方面存在研究内容的差异。城市休闲产业建设、自然与人文休闲空间规划及环境可持续问题、休闲旅游等是现阶段城市休闲研究的重要课题。     

国际性英文旅游学术期刊:发展、评价方法、排名与分级

在过去的20多年,国际性英文旅游学术期刊数量显著增多.同时,由于在高质量期刊发表论文已越来越成为全球很多大学、科研机构评价教师和科研人员研究能力,乃至决定职称晋级的首要指标,因此,期刊的评价与排名也越来越受到关注.文章首先简要回顾旅游期刊发展的历史及地域分布情况,然后归纳、对比不同旅游期刊排名方法的优缺点,介绍国外较为有影响的关于旅游期刊排名的研究成果,分析旅游期刊的质量,最后基于前人的研究结果,进一步对部分旅游类期刊进行分级,以期为旅游界研究者提供参考.     

Entrepreneurs in RomanceTourism in Indonesia

This article addresses the extent to which the opportunity to enter into a sexual relationship with Western female tourists poses a challenge to the vast number of self-employed young men in Indonesian tourism destinations. The areas compared in this article (Lombok and Yogyakarta) differ in terms of Butlers resort area cycle. Whereas Yogyakarta is about to enter the consolidation phase, Lombok has only started to develop tourism. The position in the area life cycle affects the opportunities and restrictions that self-employed young males encounter in their participation in the informal tourism sector and, as a consequence, their expectations regarding relationships with female tourists.     

Conceptualizing volunteering in tourism in China

The current literature on volunteering in tourism is very Western-centric, and volunteering in different cultural contexts needs to be further explored. This study is devoted to exploring the local understanding of tourism-related issues in China so as to give critical tourism by engaging local epistemology. Through a qualitative design, this research explores how volunteering is conceptualized in the context of tourism in China. Findings identify that the highlight of voluntary spirit, serving others by giving time/skills/knowledge and mutual help are three dimensions of conceptualization. It indicates that there are different meanings of volunteering in the Chinese context. This research takes a further step and reflects the applicability of the Western conceptualization of volunteering in the Chinese tourism context. This research presents a contribution to the epistemological decolonisation of tourism knowledge production in Chinese context.     

Government involvement in tourism in developing countries

The article examines the case for involvement of government in the tourism sector in developing countries and makes definitional distinctions between passive and active involvement. It is argued that in most developing countries government involvement in tourism is required not only to attain long-term objectives but to compensate for the absence of a strong and tourism-experienced private sector. Five areas of concern for government involvement are discussed, and conclusions relate to the need for government-private sector cooperation for development purposes.     

Conflict in tourism development in rural China

This paper explores the phenomenon of conflict in tourism development in rural China. Four cases were selected and analyzed as part of this exploration. The study identified eight major conflict issues: land expropriation, ticket revenue distribution, vending rights, tourism management rights, house demolition, house building, entry restrictions, and village elections. The conflict evolution process indicates that these issues are dynamic and connected rather than static and isolated. Local government was found to be the most important conflicting party for local people due to its authority and economic interests in tourism development. In addition, an often-ignored conflicting party, villagers' committees, was found to have limitations in maintaining local people's interests. The findings of this study shed light on this complicated and sensitive tourism conflict phenomenon in rural China. A couple of practical implications for local authorities and UNESCO are outlined at the end of the paper.     

Local community participation in ecotourism and conservation issues in two nature reserves in Nicaragua

This paper explores the factors influencing community participation in ecotourism and how this affects conservation in the Nature Reserves of Mombacho Volcano and Datanlí-El Diablo in Nicaragua. Information was collected using individual structured and semi-structured interviews and focus groups, with local people, farmers and tour operators, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques. The farmers in the two communities are engaged in the protection of the reserves because of environmental concern and also because their own welfare is at stake. In different ways, the farmers and communities benefit from ecotourism, but not enough. Either they are excluded from the management system, or they lack resources to promote the sites and improve infrastructure. Community participation is to a large extent dependent on the management system, but it is not the only aspect required to make ecotourism successful. A minimum of governmental support to infrastructure and local entrepreneurship is required. In the case presented, there are direct economic benefits from ecotourism, as the records of visitors illustrate. But there are many differences between the two reserves and their communities, illustrating that ecotourism development is complex and demanding, and demonstrating that ecotourism is not a “one size fits all” approach to sustainable development.     

Literature in strategic management in the hospitality industry

This literature review of the research in strategic management in the hospitality industry covers the 2 year period of 2002–2003. Using a contingency model framework for the analysis the research reported in refereed journals in the field of hospitality is reported. Additionally, research that considered the context of the hospitality industry but published in non-hospitality refereed journals was also included. Key issues and needs in the area are provided at the conclusion.     

Commitment to Environmental Management in Hotels in Accra

The sporadic development of hotel facilities in a developing West African city like Accra in Ghana, coupled with their consumption of natural resources and generation of waste has implications for environmental sustainability. This article therefore seeks to ascertain hotel managers’ attitude towards environmental management and to examine their commitment to environmental management through the implementation of environmental policies and programs. The study took the form of a survey of managers of 200 hotels, ranging from budget to four-star rated, employing the stratified random sampling procedure. Though a greater number of hotel managers had a positive attitude towards environmental management, it was the upscale and larger hotels that were more committed to environmental management especially in terms of having; a designated officer responsible for environmental management, written environmental policy statement, environmental action plan, a history of implementing environmental programs and ecolabelling or environment related certification. The article proposes interhotel collaboration in environmental management so that smaller hotels could profit from the experiences and resources of larger hotels.     

Gendered practices in urban ethnic tourism in Thailand

The purpose of this research is to investigate the gendered economy of ethnic minority souvenir vending in Thailand’s urban and coastal tourist areas. Increasing numbers of the Akha minority group have migrated towards tourist hotspots to engage in urban souvenir vending. Ethnographic research shows that according to the Akha gender division of labour, souvenir production and distribution are considered women’s work. Peddling on foot, female Akha souvenir vendors are at the bottom of the informal tourism economy. It is shown that urban ethnic tourism primarily reproduces gender asymmetry in the division of work and that contestations of gender roles prove to be difficult. Mobile street vending enables ethnic minority women to become breadwinners of households but simultaneously reinforces gender inequality.     

“高速时代”的中国旅游业发展

中国交通体系的全面革新推动了“高速时代”的到来,而旅游业的格局和增长与地理集聚之间具有高度的相关性,交通的改善,将降低旅游业的交易成本,推动集聚和扩散作用的互动变化,改变旅游业的空间格局和增长方式,这将对中国旅游业产生深刻而全面的影响.“高速时代”将开创旅游业新的局面,发生同城化、近城化、网络化、网格化等多种变化,游客时间成本和空间成本也将发生新的变化,旅游目的地选择将被重新分配,中国旅游业还将拥有新的价值、面对新的问题.文章旨在从区域经济的角度研究这些变化,分析中国旅游业将产生的新的格局,并提出相关的政策建议.     

Engaging volunteer tourism in post-disaster recovery in Nepal

There is limited research published on the significance of volunteer tourism in assisting host communities in the recovery of a tourism destination and its industry after a disaster. Our paper addresses this research gap with reference to a case study of Nepal's tourism recovery after the country's 2015 earthquake. We argue that a clear post disaster volunteer tourism framework could validate volunteer tourism's potential role to ensure that communities do not miss out on any form of assistance that may be of use in re-establishing destination or community lifestyle. Our paper provides an initial exploratory understanding of how post disaster volunteer tourism might be effective; it uses a disaster management framework to conceptualise the phenomenon.