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不同旅游资源偏爱不同网络媒体艾瑞iADTracker的监测数据显示,不同旅游资源偏爱不同的网络媒体,例如,航空公司在门户、财经网站和新闻网站上投放的广告费用高于酒店与旅行社;酒店在生活服务网站、IT类网站上投放的费用高于航空公司和旅行社;而旅行社在视频网站和社区网站上投放的广告费用高于航空公司和酒店。     

我国旅游业线上与线下企业的竞合理论构建--基于扎根理论的探索性研究

"互联网+旅游"模式的发展与应用,改变了我国旅游市场的结构、实践方式与营销策略,加大了旅游业线上与线下业务的竞争与合作。本文以在线旅行社(线上)与传统旅行社(线下)的竞争与合作问题为研究对象,运用扎根理论分析方法对在线旅行社和传统旅行社的访谈信息进行挖掘,基于竞合二维模型构建竞合理论模型,从竞合的成因、互动与演化等视角,探索竞合过程的"推、拉、阻"等作用力。研究结果表明,旅游企业的战略需求、资源异质性以及风险分摊等因素推动竞合关系的形成和发展,提供综合服务、旅游信息共享、专业人才发展等因素拉动竞合关系演变,利益分配不均、企业文化差异性以及沟通渠道单一或闭塞等因素阻碍竞合关系的深入。本研究首次厘清了在线旅行社与传统旅行社的竞合机制,对实现线上与线下旅游企业的深度融合与互利共赢具有借鉴意义。     

业界动向——旅游企业：从“触网”中品尝甜头

人们普遍认为，旅游是最适宜发展电子商务的。在互联网和电子商务如火如荼的时候，旅游企业的“触网”情形如何?除了几家大型旅行社如青旅、国旅开设网站以外，一批饭店也纷纷迎头赶上，开办网站以抢占市场先机。     

基于Website的旅行社电子商务运营绩效影响因素研究——以四川省为例

此文在文献研究的基础上,归纳了旅行社网站绩效的评价因子,并提出若干影响旅行社电子商务运营绩效的因素,经相关性检验证实了各项影响因素设计的合理性及其对旅行社网站绩效的影响强度,最后,通过聚类分析获得影响因素的分类特征.相关成果将为促进我国旅行社电子商务的理论研究和实践运作提供有益参考.     

旅游企业与网络经济

2000年以来，网络经济席卷全球。不需要物流配送的旅游电子商务被普遍看好。迄今全国已出现了近300个旅游网站或专业频道。广州的广之旅、北京的国旅总社已先期动手建立或参建旅游网站，其他一些饭店、旅行社也敏锐地行动起来，关注或加入到新经济行列中。     

网络对旅游的影响——从营销到供应链和贫困人口受益

当前,我国对网络和旅游之间关系的研究和实践,集中在如何通过网络进行高效的旅游产品(或目的地)营销上.网络旅游营销大致可以分为两种基本流转形式:网络直销和网络中介交易.前者是指需求方和供应方直接利用网络所开展的交易活动,例如潜在出行者通过登录航空公司、接待设施等相关网站购买与旅游活动相关的各种服务.后者是指需求方和供应方通过第三方平台开展的交易活动,例如通过旅行社网站,以及其他专门的旅游网站购买旅游产品.     

旅行社网站的蒙昧与混沌

旅行社的网站相比旅游饭店、旅游景点景区的网站,应该说操持难度更大.简单来看,旅行社网站的内容可以包容饭店、景点的内容,而饭店、景点网站却不能反向包容.虽然在2006年年底社科院旅游研究中心对旅游网站的排名活动中,也将旅行社网站列出了几名优秀,但相信那基本上还是基于"扶持"的考虑来进行的评选.得奖的优秀旅行社网站,只能说是相对而言.如果我们稍稍跳出来一些,将其与今天的互联网世界中的诸多成熟网站进行类比,那得奖的优秀旅行社网站至多也只能算是及格.     

业界视点

业界动向旅游企业 :从“触网”中品尝甜头人们普遍认为 ,旅游是最适宜发展电子商务的。在互联网和电子商务如火如荼的时候 ,旅游企业的“触网”情形如何 ?除了几家大型旅行社如青旅、国旅开设网站以外 ,一批饭店也纷纷迎头赶上 ,开办网站以抢占市场先机。目前 ,上海衡山集团与香港ＨＯＴＥＬＰＬＡＴＦＯＲＭ公司签订合作协议 ,衡山集团及所属上海大厦、衡山宾馆、扬子饭店、衡山度假村、浦江饭店等 5家饭店整体加入该公司的酒店应用服务平台ＡＳＰ。ＡＳＰ是服务供应商 (平台 )。该系统不同于一般的因特网网站 ,它是当前电子商务Ｂ2Ｂ中较…     

智慧旅游背景下传统旅行社经营模式的转型探讨

随着我国国民经济水平的快速提升,社会民众更加向往精神生活,因此对旅游行业提出了更高的要求,从而促使旅游行业的经营管理模式正逐渐向智慧旅游经营管理模式转型。智慧旅游背景下,传统旅行社经营模式将旅游景区管理转变为目的地管理、粗放式管理转变为精细化管理、单一行业管理转变为社会全行业管理,同时加大力度发展电子商务,拓宽旅游业务的经营范围,力求通过交流合作促进旅行社的可持续发展,更明显的是提高旅行社在智慧旅游背景下应对挑战的能力。     

旅行社基于互联网的产品策略研究

在迅猛发展的旅游电子商务中,旅行社电子商务,特别是面对顾客的B2C网络营销却境况不佳,造成这种局面的一个重要因素便是,旅行社目前仅停留在将现有产品上网,而这些产品并不具备网络营销的优势。本文分析了基于互联网的一般产品策略,比较了几类主要旅游产品的网络营销特性。提出了旅行社基于互联网的产品设计观点,探讨了旅行社基于互联网产品设计的几种主要策略。     

The critical success factors for a travel application service provider evaluation and selection by travel intermediaries

Current application service provider (ASP) is an emerging type of information technology outsourcing service that offer a comprehensive of information technology services for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to obtain information capabilities and maintain competitive advantage. Although numerous academics and practitioners have recognized the importance of information service suppliers, few studies has been conducted on decision analysis related to an ASP selection. Thus, this study combines two multiple criteria decision making tools to develop a multifaceted evaluation framework and identify the critical success factors (CSFs) for an ASP adoption by travel intermediaries in Taiwan. The empirical results implied different types of travel operations have different evaluation considerations for an ASP adoption. Travel intermediaries can devote to their core competencies, and acquire information support services through an ASP. On the other hand, ASPs can use differentiation strategies and allocate limited resources through focusing on these CSFs to enhance inter-organizational collaboration in travel supply chain.     

Factors Affecting the Adoption of E-commerce for the Tourism Industry in Taiwan

The tourism industry has successfully pioneered the adoption of e-commerce with respect to its online trading systems. Given the potential for the tourism industry to impart knowledge to other industries, this study examines the acceptance of online trading systems for travel agencies in Taiwan. According to the results of a literature review, this study uses six critical factors that were identified in the literature review as formative influences on the adoption of e-commerce. These factors are then incorporated into a questionnaire designed to verify empirically the extent of their ability to be generalized. This survey reveals that 80% of the travel agencies in the sample have adopted online trading systems. Particularly noteworthy is how the adopters and non-adopters hold different viewpoints on the following factors; “compatibility of adopting innovative technology”, “centralization of organization”, “organizational scale” and “correctness of website transmission”.     

Marketing Ecotourism Through the Internet: A Case of Ecotourism Business in Thailand

The advance of Internet technology is having a profound impact on the traditional modes of selling tourism products and contributing to the growing importance of online marketing of the travel and tourism industry. In the case of ecotourism, studies examining Internet-based ecotourism marketing are still limited. This study aims to examine how ecotourism business is marketed through the Internet by focusing on Thai ecotourism business. Subjects investigated are travel business members listed on the website of the Thai Ecotourism and Adventure Travel Association (TEATA). Data are qualitatively analyzed using content analysis to examine marketing and ecotourism web-based context promoted through the Internet. The results indicate that the travel companies examined in this study provide a variety of products and services to meet the diverse travel needs and preferences of tourists. When examining the web-based ecotourism marketing, most businesses provide insufficient marketing and ecotourism information to promote ecotourism experience. In particular, ecotourism messages they provide are only partially aligned with ecotourism principles. Recommendations are given for improving online ecotourism marketing to better satisfy tourists' needs and expectations.     

Using competing models to evaluate the role of environmental pressures in ecommerce adoption by small and medium sized travel agents in a developing country

This study investigates the factors that influence e-commerce adoption in SME travel agents in a developing country. The research is based upon a questionnaire survey of travel agents in Egypt and employs advanced statistical techniques to test a conceptual framework that extends the technology acceptance model. Using competing models the study examines the relationship between e-commerce adoption, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and environmental pressures. The results indicate that environmental pressures significantly affect the perceived benefits and barriers of e-commerce adoption, in addition to having an indirect effect on adoption behaviour. Insights are provided into the nature of relationships between the key factors that determine e-commerce adoption and the extent to which they can be used to develop effective strategies for SME travel agent re-intermediation in the global travel market. Implications are identified for practice and government policy in relation to the use of e-commerce in SME travel businesses in developing countries.     

携程旅行网春秋国旅网e龙旅行网内容交付性研究

旅行电子商务网站成功的关键因素之一是能否提供满足消费者需求的内容,基于瑞奇曼（Rachman）和布奇南（Buchanan）的研究方法,对国内三个著名旅行网站的内容交付性进行了研究,讨论了我国旅行电子商务网站在内容建设方面存在的问题以及改进的方法。     

Helpful Reviewers in TripAdvisor,an Online Travel Community

Online communities need a critical mass for communication, information, and entertainment and should provide useful information for their members in order to obtain this critical mass. The abundance of online travel reviews increases cognitive costs of travelers, and travelers use extrinsic cues to judge the quality of online reviews to eliminate costs associated with the information process. Of various cues used in online environments, this study examined an online reputation system in TripAdvisor.com and profiled the reviewers who post helpful reviews in the online travel community. The key findings include that helpful reviewers are those who travel more, actively post reviews, belong to any age and gender groups, and give lower hotel ratings. This study adds to research of online travel reviewers by characterizing helpful information creators among online content creators.     

基于“共同创造”的旅行社转型研究——以奖励旅游为例

网络化使旅行社的转型成为一个迫切的问题,商务旅游市场是旅行社转型的重要阵地,而定制化是商务旅游市场区别于传统大众观光旅游市场的重要特征,如何满足顾客的定制化需求是旅行社面向商务旅游市场转型的重要问题。文章以奖励旅游为例,指出与顾客组成项目小组共同创造价值是解决定制化实现旅行社面向商务旅游市场转型的有效方式,然后对旅行社与顾客如何共同生产、共同创造价值进行了分析,最后从参与驱动因素的角度将顾客参与共同创造分为外在性参与与内源性参与。     

The impact of regulation and ownership structure on market orientation in the tourism industry in China

The nature of market orientation and its impact on business performance and other related outcomes have been extensively researched in a range of service contexts including tourism. In contrast, our understanding of the factors that influence market orientation is still limited. This paper reports on a study that contributes to our understanding of the determinants of market orientation within the tourism sector by focusing specifically on the role played by two strategically important variables, namely government regulation and ownership structure. The study analyses two national samples of hotels and travel services in the rapidly growing tourism industry in China. The hotel sector has been open to foreign investment for two decades and has a diversified ownership structure, whereas the travel services sector has been dominated by government owned firms and relatively closed to foreign investment. The results of the survey suggest that of the two new antecedents, only government regulation has a significant role to play in driving market orientation. Internally, access to appropriate managerial and marketing capabilities was identified as a significant predictor of the development of market orientation.     

Towards understanding members’ general participation in and active contribution to an online travel community

Online travel community has been considered central to models of Internet marketing and electronic commerce in the travel industry. The successful operation of an online travel community depends on the understanding of member participation in and active contribution to the online travel community. This study evaluates an integrated model of an online travel community using structural equation modeling. The results of the study indicate that participation in the travel community is driven mainly by social and hedonic benefits, while level of active contribution can be explained by three instrumental, efficacy, and expectancy related incentives. Implications for the development of a dynamic and sustainable online travel community are discussed.     

Influence of the user’s psychological factors on the online purchase intention in rural tourism: Integrating innovativeness to the UTAUT framework

This study explores the process of adoption of new information technologies by the users of rural tourism services and, more concretely, the underlying psychological factors of individuals that explain their intentions to make bookings or reservations directly through the websites of the rural accommodations (online purchase intentions). Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this study establishes a theoretical model that includes five explanatory variables of the online purchase intention: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and innovativeness. The empirical results obtained in a sample of 1083 tourists that had previously visited several websites of rural accommodations suggest that the online purchase intention is positively influenced by: 1) the levels of performance and effort expected with regard to the transaction; and 2) the level of innovativeness of users. In addition, the innovativeness construct has a moderating effect on the relationship between performance expectancy and online purchase intention.