“送客入村”模式运行特征及其现实意义

“送客入村”是湖南省协同多方力量推进乡村发展的有效模式,在脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的特殊阶段,系统总结其创设历程、内涵和运行特点、彰显其意义,具有重要价值。“送客入村”模式的运行促成村寨游客量全面增长,但村寨间差异明显,村寨游客总量及其增量均表现出5个等级,出现了“明星村”集群现象,表现出客流“增长亮点片” “负增长交叉分布”的特征。“送客入村”形成的市场机会呈现出3个等级,表现出“市场机会集聚块” “市场机会集聚带”特征,验证了精品线路建设的效果。“送客入村”运行效果的村寨间差异与自身文化内涵、A级旅游景区、交通通达条件有关。“送客入村”模式成功运行的经验归纳为：协同多方力量推进乡村发展是有效途径、“双管齐下”驱动乡村经济市场运作是有效方式、乡村旅游精品线路建设是坚实基础、特色村寨的获益能力培育是有力抓手、广度与深度“两维梯次推进”是持续发展的重要方略。细究“送客入村”模式得到以下启示：应重视政府与市场协同作为,注重村民经营意识与技能的“市场培育”,特别要培育示范户与带头人,注重提升“内生动力”。“送客入村”模式可为乡村旅游发展提供一定的借鉴。     

与新冠肺炎疫情相关的旅游者行为研究——回顾与反思

旅游者行为研究一直是国内外旅游学界关注的重点和热点。在全球旅游业遭遇新冠肺炎疫情带来的巨大冲击和挑战时,英文期刊上与新冠疫情相关的旅游者行为研究也与日俱增。虽然英文学界对与新冠疫情相关的旅游研究有过零星的、整体上的批判性思考,但鲜见对旅游者行为这一具体研究领域最新进展和实质贡献的讨论。基于对8种旅游类英文SSCI期刊截至2021年8月31日所载83篇论文的分析,本文回顾了与新冠疫情相关的旅游者行为研究进展,并评价了这些研究的实质贡献。从研究主题看,现有文献集中在“风险感知与出游意向”“旅游购买决策”“实际旅游中的行为与体验”和“对技术的态度”等四个方面。从研究取向看,定量研究占主导;与之相对应的是,问卷调查是主要的数据收集渠道。虽然大部分研究明确提及使用了某种或某几种理论,但主要是应用现有理论来提出所假设的变量之间的关系,或解释新冠疫情背景下新的旅游消费现象,并未对现有理论框架、概念做出重大改变。未来的研究还应该考虑运用定性方法、大数据分析技术和实验法,挖掘、识别、验证新冠疫情作为公共健康危机的独特属性以及与之关联的独特的旅游者行为和旅游消费现象,以期更好地实现概念化、理论化,并在中国特色的疫情防控实践中,更好地实现与新冠疫情有关的旅游者行为研究的本土化。     

“互联网+”生态旅游产品价值实现机制研究——以南山国家公园线路为例

在大力探索生态产品价值实现背景下,生态旅游作为公共产品,为推动生态产品价值实现和中国特色生态文明建设新模式的形成提供有力支撑。本研究选取南山国家公园线路为案例,以S-O-R理论为基础,构建生态旅游产品购买意愿模型,探究生态旅游产品在微信朋友圈购买意愿的内在机制。研究发现：（1）生态旅游产品在微信朋友圈的购买意愿存在“营销媒体特征—感知功利价值—购买意愿”和“社交媒体特征—感知享乐价值—购买意愿”两种形成机制;（2）生态旅游产品在微信朋友圈的购买意愿同时受到功利性因素和享乐性因素的影响,但功利性因素的影响占主导作用;（3）生态旅游产品的价格和产品图片的美观性对感知功利价值的影响较强;（4）微信朋友圈的社交存在感和微信好友的能力对感知享乐价值的影响较强;（5）不同人口学特征下,被调查者的购买意愿有显著差异。建议开展组合式营销、改善营销信息的内容和质量、保持高度的用户粘性、重视“专业形象”打造、针对主要客源市场“有的放矢”营销等实践,以促进南山国家公园生态旅游产品的价值实现。     

从民宿到“名宿”——网红民宿红在哪?

“网红民宿”是近年来旅游住宿业在社会生活网络化趋势中诞生的新现象,“名宿”的网红气质有哪些构成要素,其如何影响游客的购买意愿是本文的研究内容。首先基于网络社区“小红书”上关键意见领袖有关网红民宿的笔记,采用扎根理论的研究方法探索民宿构成网红气质的要素,其次是开展了问卷调查,以收集的556份问卷调查数据来验证这些要素对网络口碑和游客购买意愿的影响。研究发现：（1）民宿配置、风格设计、周边环境、直观印象、心理感受和出游形式是民宿构成网红气质的要素;（2）民宿网红气质要素积极影响游客对民宿的购买意愿;（3）“网络口碑”在民宿网红气质要素积极影响游客购买意愿中起完全中介或部分中介作用。研究结果丰富了民宿领域的网络口碑研究相关理论和实践。     

高质量发展下中国旅游业“双碳”目标：评估预测、主要挑战与实现路径

积极响应全球气候变化和坚决贯彻党中央提出的碳达峰、碳中和（简称“双碳”）目标是中国旅游业高质量发展的重要使命。本文在评估1990—2020年中国旅游业碳排放状况基础上,预测2021—2060年中国旅游业碳排放,分析中国旅游业实现“双碳”目标的主要挑战、任务与实现路径。研究结果表明：（1）中国旅游业碳排放可分为4个阶段;碳排放结构特征显著,旅游交通及休闲度假是碳排放主体;旅游消费需求增长趋势下唯有以低碳情景推进,方能在2030—2035年间实现旅游业碳达峰,为实现碳中和目标减缓阻力。（2）中国旅游业实现“双碳”目标面临旅游碳排增速快、全球气候变化威胁、碳排放边界模糊、品质化旅游需求旺盛、减碳技术不足5大挑战;必须从宏观-产业、中观-目的地与企业、微观-游客3个维度确定实现“双碳”目标的主要任务;坚守统筹协调、因地制宜、尊重规律、推广科技、差异化实现5大发展原则。（3）高质量发展下中国旅游业“双碳”目标的实现路径应从供给侧、消费端、政策支撑3方面突破,在供给侧加快能源结构调整、加大减碳技术投入、增强碳汇能力,在消费端促进旅游消费主体、消费场所、服务组织的减碳全面响应,在政策支撑加快完善低碳政策、鼓励低碳政策创新。本文立足中国旅游业实现“双碳”目标的研究前沿,初步建立了旅游“双碳”理论,丰富了低碳旅游理论,可为高质量发展下中国旅游业“双碳”目标实现提供决策参考。     

边境旅游研究进展与启示——以SSCI论文为例

边境旅游是促进区域一体化发展和强化跨境旅游合作的主要手段,深入分析国际边境旅游研究脉络与研究热点,对促进富民兴边、睦邻安邦及对接国际国内旅游“双循环”具有重要借鉴意义。本文以1995—2021年发表的1 124篇SSCI英文文献为基础,对边境旅游研究领域的时间分布、关键词突现、聚类特征等进行可视化分析。研究发现,英文文献中对边境旅游的研究可分为起步阶段、发展阶段与创新阶段;主要研究议题包括边境旅游吸引物、边境旅游影响、边境旅游安全及跨境旅游合作;边境旅游研究趋势发生两大转变,一是研究视角从单一向多元转向,二是理论探索从功能说向效应说深入。建议国内对边境旅游的研究应结合国家战略拓展边境旅游研究议题,强调中国边境旅游特色的同时贡献“中国智慧”。     

中国滑雪旅游网络关注度评估及后疫情时期复苏对策——以四大滑雪区域为例

2022年冬奥会的成功申办,以及推进三亿人参与冰雪运动系列政策的相继出台,中国冰雪旅游迎来快速发展的时代契机,冰雪运动在全国广泛普及,冰雪旅游大众关注度迅速提升。本文以中国四大滑雪场集聚区为研究对象,基于新浪微博2015—2021年滑雪旅游网络数据,构建滑雪旅游网络关注度评估系统,定量评估疫情前后中国滑雪旅游网络关注度的时空演变特征。研究发现：（1）全国滑雪旅游网络关注度自2017年迅速提升、季节性特征明显、崇礼-北京领先全国,关注度空间结构由“局部多中心”转变为“组团式”集群化发展,高关注度滑雪场在崇礼-北京与吉林聚集;（2）疫情前后中国滑雪旅游网络关注度表现出滑雪旺季时长缩短、关注度迅速下降、新疆和吉林复苏显著、滑雪大区率先关注等特点;（3）后疫情时期叠加冬奥效应将成为影响滑雪旅游关注度复苏的热点事件,崇礼-北京、东北、西北将成为滑雪旅游率先复苏的热点区域,短期接待服务将成为助力产业复苏的投资热点,提供针对性的配套服务将成为滑雪场服务水平优化提升的热点方向;（4）提出开创全国冰雪旅游大发展新局面,构建以崇礼-北京为中心、以东北和西北为两翼的中国滑雪旅游“雁阵”发展格局,优先推出新疆、河北、黑龙江的定向政策,增强滑雪旅游短期接待能力,提供针对性配套服务等复苏对策。研究结论将为后疫情时期,促进滑雪旅游快速复苏提供科技支撑及决策依据,并为中国冰雪产业的绿色可持续发展,提供借鉴参考。     

人格特质理论视角下东南亚国家对中国旅游形象感知差异研究

国家旅游目的地性格是影响国家旅游形象和国际游客旅游决策的关键因素,对入境旅游市场营销具有指导意义。本文运用内容分析法、扎根理论研究法,对东南亚3个国家的中文主播网络视频、在华留学生及其亲属的访谈内容进行分析,以探究东南亚国家人们对中国旅游目的地性格维度感知强度和差异。研究表明：根据感知强度大小,东南亚国家对中国旅游目的地性格维度感知依次是能力、真诚、魅力、友善和侠义。东南亚国家对中国旅游目的地性格维度感知存在国别差异,其中,越南人和缅甸人的感知总体呈正面,感知维度分别是“友善”“魅力”和“侠义”“斯文”;老挝人感知相对负面,感知维度为“随性”“自我”。据此建议中国加强与东南亚国家的文化交流,区别不同国家人们的感知特点,进一步强化正面性格感知,调整和优化针对负面性格感知的宣传策略。     

旅游型海岛社会-生态系统脆弱性特征及影响机制——以长海县为例

海岛是海陆相互作用的敏感地带,推进海岛可持续发展是海洋强国战略实施的内在要求。本文基于脆弱性研究框架,运用组合权重法、集对分析法和障碍度模型,对长海县2009—2018年社会-生态系统脆弱性特征及其影响机制进行分析。结果为：（1）综合脆弱性沿着“W”型演化,暴露性、敏感性和适应性分别呈“W”型、“M”型和“N”型趋势。（2）从“暴露性-敏感性-适应性”视角对致脆结构分析得出敏感性和适应性对于综合脆弱性贡献度相对较大,脆弱性和暴露性的趋势走向较为相似。（3）通过对敏感性耦合结构分析得出,生态-经济系统耦合承载力高于其他2个系统组合,需重点关注生态-社会-经济复合系统承载能力。（4）通过对适应性调控结构分析得出,今后适应性资本投资可参照2012年调控结构进行调整。（5）通过对影响脆弱性等级关键性因子演化机制分析得出,严格控制脆弱性持续障碍因子,重点发展“降脆”助推因子,降低“降脆”障碍因子阻力,促进海岛可持续发展。     

旅游地社会-生态系统成长模式研究——以金寨县为例

旅游引发的自然、社会、物质和人力资本等流量与流向的变化,关系着旅游地社会-生态系统运行的轨迹和可持续状态。基于循环经济相关理论,尝试构建旅游地社会-生态系统“五流”分析框架,以金寨县为案例地,使用PCA-OWA方法,分析2008—2019年旅游地社会-生态系统的资本变化、成长阶段及成长模式,并对其演化轨迹进行情景模拟。结果表明：（1）旅游业通过直接影响人口流动、商品和服务流动、信息流动以及各种资源消耗等“流”因素,使得金寨县旅游地社会-生态系统的物质和人力资本逐步增加,但社会资本仍处于较低水平,自然资本消耗较为明显;（2）12年间金寨县社会-生态系统呈现逐步好转的态势,其成长可划分为2008—2011年低水平匀速增长及2012—2019年快速成长2个阶段;（3）外生模式是金寨县目前持续的运行状态,未来在环境保护与经济发展关系的不断优化下有可能进入内生模式。随着旅游活动的扰动增强,旅游地社会-生态系统内部关系更加复杂,深入探究旅游地社会-生态系统成长的内在机理,可为区域可持续发展的政策制定提供科学参考。     

Cruise ship dining experiencescape: The perspective of female cruise travelers in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic

The cruise dining experience is one of the core elements of the overall cruise travel experience as guests fulfill their cognitive and affective needs in this pleasant environment. Nonetheless, the cruise dining experience has been sparsely researched. There is also no holistic model conceptualizing the cruise ship dining experiencescape. This study explores how under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, cruise ship dining environment stimuli dimensions are evaluated by female cruise travelers. Female travelers are the major spenders and travel decision-makers. They are also the dominant customer group in the cruise sector. Their perception of cruise ship dining environment is leading to their positive emotional responses and approach behavior. More precisely, this study demonstrates the potency of the moderating role of a perceived health risk from COVID-19, which strengthens female travelers’ perceptions of the dining atmosphere and interaction with other guests by evoking positive emotions and influencing their approach behavior.     

#CoronavirusCruise: Impact and implications of the COVID-19 outbreaks on the perception of cruise tourism

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the Diamond Princess became the center of the largest outbreak outside the original epicenter in China. This outbreak which left 712 passengers infected and 14 dead, followed by subsequent outbreaks affecting over one-third of the active ships in the cruise industry's global fleet, quickly became a crisis that captured public attention and dominated mainstream news and social media. This study investigates the perception of cruising during these outbreaks by analyzing the tweets on cruising using Natural Language Processing (NLP). The findings show a prevalent negative sentiment in most of the analyzed tweets, while the criticisms directed at the cruise industry were based on perceptions and stereotypes of the industry before the pandemic. The study provides insight into the concerns raised in these conversations and highlights the need for new business models outside the pre-pandemic mass-market model and to genuinely make cruising more environmentally friendly.     

Threat of infectious disease during an outbreak: Influence on tourists' emotional responses to disadvantaged price inequality

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has negatively influenced the global tourism industry. Despite the documented negative impacts of diseases on tourism demand and people's perceived health risk, researchers have seldom examined the psychological responses of tourists travelling during an infectious disease outbreak. We therefore conducted three studies to examine this key aspect, and our findings indicate that tourists have a strong negative emotional reaction towards disadvantaged tourism-related prices in response to a high (vs low) infectious disease threat. Furthermore, risk aversion acts as an underlying mechanism driving this effect: tourists are more risk aversive under the threat of an infectious disease, which consequently magnifies their negative emotional reaction. At last, theoretical and practical implications of these findings for tourism are discussed.     

Ports closed to cruise ships in the context of COVID-19: What choices are there for coastal states?

In the COVID-19 context will coastal States open their ports to cruise ships to meet the needs of people in danger? Can they prefer a more self-centered approach to protect their territory and exercise their sovereignty? The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal framework for the management of health risk by coastal States in the context of the coronavirus threat on cruise ships. The lack of a clearly defined common management strategy in face of major health risk complicates the situation. Only cooperation between flag States and port States will make it possible to overcome any conflicts of implementation between the State sovereignty principle and assistance to persons in distress at sea.     

疫情影响下全球邮轮网络格局与重构

新冠疫情对全球邮轮旅游业产生了严重的影响,改变了邮轮网络的地理空间格局。本文主要分析了疫情前期、疫情初期和疫情后期3个阶段的邮轮网络格局和空间特征,研究发现：（1）疫情前期,邮轮网络呈现出全球性的线状分布格局;（2）疫情初期,邮轮网络呈点状分布,在区域层面、国家层面和港口层面具有显著的集聚性特征;在企业层面,因企业船队规模的大小差异,邮轮网络分别呈点状散布和集聚分布;中国-东亚区域邮轮网络呈现出空白化特征,主要源于出入境管理和港口布局的差异。（3）疫情后期,全球邮轮经历了尝试性复航到部分复航,邮轮网络由单一区域到多区域的渐进变化。最后,基于疫情发展和邮轮网络演进特征,从未复航区域和已复航区域两个方面,重点讨论了东亚、澳新等区域邮轮网络可能的重构格局和已复航区域邮轮网络未来的扩展变化,以期为后疫情时代邮轮运营商的网络组织、全球邮轮网络的演进提供参考和借鉴。     

Tourism crisis management: Can the Extended Parallel Process Model be used to understand crisis responses in the cruise industry?

The purpose of this paper was to understand the effect of crisis communication on people's risk perception attitude, perceived safety, and cruise travel intentions. Specifically, this study was concerned with the emerging health issues of Norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships. A between-subjects experiment was conducted. Responses were collected from 169 participants after presenting them with different crisis communication messages. Drawing on the Extended Parallel Process Model, the findings revealed that perceived threat directly affected respondents' attitude towards the involved cruise line, while perceived efficacy moderated the relationship between perceived threat and perceived safety of cruising. Additionally, the results of this study indicated that perceived safety mediated the relationship between perceived threat and cruise travel intentions, and this mediating relationship was moderated by perceived efficacy. This study's findings suggest new theoretical approaches for understanding tourism crisis communication and recommend an audience-centered paradigm in communicating health crisis issues in tourism and travel.     

Dirty work or working dirty? Deceiving cruise tourists

Evidence suggests that some cruise ship employees engage in work that aligns to the poor working conditions, servile roles, or stigmatized positions of ‘dirty workers’. Accordingly, we adopt Routine Activity Theory from criminology to generate insights into research into employee misbehavior, the interactions of tourists and service workers, and the dirty work of cruise ship personnel. We begin with a review of contemporary research into crime, deception, and tourism before outlining existing insights into cruise ship work. After outlining our research approach, we present the result of a study into the convergence of likely offenders, potential targets, and opportunities to deceive passengers in the context of cruise ships. We conclude with a series of implications of theory and practice.     

An Analysis of Cruise Ship Meetings

Abstract

Cruise ships have become one of the many options for corporate meeting planners when faced with a decision regarding a destination for meetings and incentives (employee rewards). In the past five years, all major cruise lines have unveiled mega cruise ships to attract a piece of the more than $20 billion corporate meeting and incentives market (Buia, 2001). But how much interest really exists among the meeting planners in holding their meetings aboard cruise ships? Are cruise ship meetings really comparable to meetings planned in land based meeting facilities? This paper explores the meeting planners' perceptions and interests in cruise ship meetings.     

新冠肺炎疫情对区域旅游发展影响及恢复发展应对策略研究——以云南省为例

新冠肺炎疫情爆发并迅速蔓延,对依赖以人的位移产生综合消费的旅游业的影响是巨大而且全方位的。以云南省为例,从宏观旅游经济运行、中观旅游业态发展、微观旅游企业发展及旅游资本市场四个层次,对新冠肺炎给区域旅游发展带来的影响进行分析与研判。在此基础上,提出区域旅游恢复发展的应对策略。     

邮轮霸船之法律考量——以《旅游法》为分析进路

邮轮霸船已成为邮轮旅游发展之实质障碍,在2013年《中华人民共和国旅游法》(以下简称《旅游法》)生效之后,将邮轮霸船行为置于《旅游法》框架下进行考量确为解决问题之良策。首先明确邮轮公司与旅客各自的法律定位,邮轮旅客身份发生了从旅客到消费者再到不轨旅客的嬗变,将邮轮公司定性为《旅游法》下的履行辅助人则更为恰当,并厘清彼此之间的法律关系,进而分析邮轮霸船中"不轨旅客"因违反法定义务而对邮轮公司法定权利的践踏与公共秩序安全的危害。为此,邮轮霸船问题的有效解决亟须确立"疏堵并举"的法治化治理理念,严格执法,并以倒逼的方式来培养旅客的规则意识,同时,需要通过域外旅游纠纷裁决制度的本土化构建来形成一套行之有效的争端解决机制。