Tariffs and formation of free trade agreements networks

This paper examines the formation of bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) on the basis of country heterogeneity in the tariff level. We demonstrate that a country's unilateral incentive to form an FTA depends on the relative magnitudes of the (negative) market concession effect and the (positive) market expansion effect, both of which are determined by the tariff levels of the two FTA partner countries. Global welfare is maximised when all country pairs form FTAs. Two countries in equilibrium are more likely to form an FTA when their tariff gap is smaller or when their tariff levels are neither very high nor very low. This finding is robust to several extensions of the model. Our preliminary empirical analysis provides some evidence for the finding.     

基于DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC法的康养旅游资源评价指标体系研究

康养旅游是现代旅游业和人口老龄化共同作用下产生的新型旅游方式,科学合理地认知康养旅游资源的关键指标及其相互关系,对指导开发决策具有重要意义。首先构建由3个维度、18个指标组成的康养旅游资源评价指标体系,然后运用DEMATEL方法对3个维度中的各指标进行影响关系分析,并通过ISM-MICMAC相结合的方法把康养旅游资源评价的全部指标划分为层级关系和驱动—依赖关系。结论表明资源要素价值、旅游开发条件、环境保护质量3个维度对康养旅游资源评价体系的影响主要体现在各维度指标下的相互关系,在康养旅游资源评价时需要对不同的因素进行不同的考虑。     

REGIONAL ANTI‐CORRUPTION EFFORT,POLITICAL CONNECTIONS AND FIRM INNOVATION EFFORT: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

This paper examines how firm characteristics and local anti‐corruption effort moderate the influence of political connections on enterprises’ private R&D investment using data from 2,587 Chinese A‐share listed enterprises. Our results show that the local anti‐corruption institutional environment significantly moderates the strong relationship between political connections and enterprises’ private R&D investment. Firm characteristics (i.e., firm size and firm age) also show a moderating effect on the relationship between political connection and enterprises’ private R&D investment; larger and older enterprises are more likely to have innovative resources and business cooperation partners, and thus are able to reduce their degree of reliance on political connections and government funding. The results of our study suggest the importance of having a transparent and fair institutional environment for enterprise innovation activities.     

东北地区产业升级的困境与出路

产业结构的优化升级对于推动区域经济协调发展具有重要意义。目前，东北地区的产业发展仍未摆脱结构不合理、布局趋同、国有资产负债重、企业竞争力不强的困境。制约产业结构优化升级的因素在于思想观念保守、产业融合度低和制度环境不佳。需要突破某些认识误区、优化政策环境、发展替代和后续产业。     

全球电子商务：发展现状与趋势

随着技术的成熟,全球电子商务正在经历着强劲增长。通过对全球互联网覆盖现状和全球电子商务发展的研究,分析了全球电子商务发展的基本情况。并对新兴国家电子商务市场和部分典型国家的电商发展状况与趋势进行研究,以供广大读者借鉴。     

均衡性转移支付、公共支出结构与经济高质量发展

本文首先从理论层面系统阐述均衡性转移支付、公共支出结构与经济增长质量三者之间的多重作用机制。其次立足“五大发展理念”构建综合指标体系对经济增长质量展开测度，本文发现我国地方经济增长质量虽然在整体上呈缓慢上升态势，但其绝对水平相对偏低，且具有较为明显的地区异质性。最后本文通过构建动态面板联立方程模型与采取三阶段最小二乘法进行实证考察，结果表明：地方政府公共支出结构与经济增长质量显著正相关，但均衡性转移支付与经济增长质量的正相关关系并不显著。标准化回归结果显示均衡性转移支付能够通过优化公共支出结构对地方经济增长质量产生间接提升效应。     

气相色谱法测定蔬菜中对硫磷的残留量

本文建立了包菜中对硫磷残留量的气相色谱-火焰光度检测器(FPD)检测方法.样品用QuEChERS方法进行前处理后,采用外标法进行定量.对硫磷在80.0~1000μg·L-1范围中线性关系良好(r=0.9994),方法添加回收率为96.0%~111%,相对标准偏差RSD为2.5%~4.3%,方法的检出限为0.161μg·kg-1,能够满足蔬菜中对硫磷残留量的分析要求.     

Cost-effectiveness analysis of ramucirumab treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who progressed on sorafenib with α-fetoprotein concentrations of at least 400 ng/ml

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of ramucirumab versus placebo for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who progressed on sorafenib with α-fetoprotein concentrations (AFP) of at least 400?ng/ml in the United States.

Methods: A Markov model was constructed to assess the cost-effectiveness of ramucirumab. Health outcomes were measured as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). With TreeAge software, the disease process was modeled as three health states: progression-free survival (PFS), progressive disease (PD), and death. Costs were extracted from the REACH-2 trial, and utility was derived from published literature. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated to compare ramucirumab with placebo. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were developed to examine the robustness of the results.

Results: In the base case analysis, ramucirumab therapy had a cost of $55,508.41 and generated 0.54 QALYs, while placebo therapy had a cost of $761.09 and generated 0.47 QALYs, leading to an additional $54,747.32 in costs and 0.07 QALYs. The ICER was $782,104.57 per QALY, which was much higher than the willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000 per QALY. According to sensitivity analyses, the utility of PD in the two groups was the dominant parameter influencing the ICER.

Conclusion: Although ramucirumab was associated with prolonged survival for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who progressed on sorafenib treatment with an AFP of at least 400?ng/ml, it is not a cost-effective treatment from a United States payer perspective.     

城市家庭碳排放的地域特征与变动规律——以日本47个城市为研究对象

分析日本47个城市家庭碳排放的地域特征和变动规律,结果发现:(1)1991-2011年间日本家庭碳排放呈现周期性变化规律,并且随着时间的推移,清洁能源的碳排放在家庭碳排放中的比重逐渐提高;(2)城市家庭碳排放体现出明显的地域特征,随着纬度的提高,人均家庭碳排放逐渐增加,家庭碳排放在城市碳排放中所占比重也逐渐提高,由于城市面积和人口密度不同,单位可居住面积的家庭碳排放水平呈现出南北两侧城市较低、中间城市较高的特点;(3)城市人口、性别比、人均GDP、家庭年收入、家用汽车和城市平均气温均是城市家庭碳排放的重要影响因素,对不同家庭碳排放水平具有正向的驱动作用或负向的抑制作用。日本城市家庭碳排放的地域特征和变动规律,体现了城市化进入更高阶段的情况下,家庭各类能耗碳排放与相关影响因素的关系,这可以为我国在城市化水平进一步提高的过程中,分析城市家庭碳排放的变动趋势和控制对策提供指导和借鉴。     

“双高”背景下北京高职院校招生困境和发展路径研究

“双高”建设背景下,培养服务区域发展的高素质技术技能人才成为高职教育的重要任务。这就要求高职院校首先要稳定办学规模,提升办学质量。而北京地区生源数量减少,非首都功能疏解等因素加大了招生工作困难。该研究从主客观因素及政策层面深入探讨了北京高职院校的招生困境,就当前职业教育面临的发展机遇,从对外宣传及学校内涵式建设的角度重点探索了“双高”背景下有效拓宽招生发展的路径。