How do agency problems affect firm value? – Evidence from China

Using newly available data, we examine the effects of the agency conflicts between ultimate controlling shareholders and minority shareholders in China's publicly listed firms between 2004 and 2009. We measure the severity of these agency problems by the excess control rights of the ultimate controlling shareholders. We show that higher excess control rights are associated with significantly lower firm value. We identify two channels through which the excess control rights affect firm value: (1) related-party loan guarantees, and (2) legal violations. We find that higher excess control rights are associated with significantly larger amounts of related-party loan guarantees (scaled by assets) for non-state and private firms, but not for state-owned firms. We find that, for non-state and private firms, the excess controls rights are associated with (1) significantly higher probability that the firm will issue value-destroying related-party loan guarantees and (2) significantly worse stock market reactions to the announcements of related-party loan guarantees. However, these results do not hold for state-owned firms. We also find that higher excess control rights are associated with significantly higher probability, frequency and severity of legal violations for non-state and private firms, but not for state-owned firms.     

The role of “other information” in analysts’ forecasts in understanding stock return volatility

This study identifies “other information” in analysts’ forecasts as a legitimate proxy for future cash flows and examines its incremental role in explaining stock return volatility. We suggest that “other information” contains information about fundamentals beyond that reflected in current financial statements and reflects firms’ fundamentals on a more timely basis than dividends or earnings. Using standardized regressions, we find volatility increases when current “other information” is more uncertain and increases more in response to unfavorable news compared to favorable news. Variance decomposition analysis shows that the variance contribution of “other information” dominates that of expected-return news. The incremental role of “other information” is at least half of the effect of earnings in explaining future volatility. The results are more pronounced for firms with poor information environments. Overall, our results highlight the importance of including “other information” as an additional cash-flow proxy in future studies of stock prices and volatility.     

中国跨国企业如何适应新兴市场的不确定性?

在"VUCA"特征愈加凸显的新全球化时代下,企业赖以生存的海外市场环境和发展路径遭到破坏,能否更好地适应和应对海外市场的环境不确定性,成为企业生存与发展的关键。本文基于组织注意力视角,选取特变电工集团的3家海外子公司作为研究对象,通过多案例研究设计,探讨了中国跨国企业在新兴市场所面临的环境不确定性及其适应路径选择。研究发现:(1)中国跨国企业在新兴市场面临的环境不确定性来源于东道国宏观环境层面的制度因素以及组织竞争环境层面的任务因素,并且企业在不同新兴市场所面临的这两个维度的不确定性程度有差异,从而导致其面临的环境不确定性具有异质性特征;(2)在考虑嵌入环境不确定性的异质性特征的基础上,企业注意力焦点选择也有所不同,呈现出威胁倾向、机会倾向及两者并重这三种注意力配置倾向;(3)在环境不确定性的异质性与注意力配置倾向交互作用下,中国跨国企业采取嵌入型、能动型以及整合型适应策略来应对环境变化,并最终形成三种路径来实现企业在新兴市场的适应性。本文立足于新兴市场情境,解构了中国跨国企业在新兴市场所面临的环境不确定性的来源及具体表现,构建了中国企业在新兴市场实现适应性的路径选择模型,为中国企业更好地适应复杂多变的国际环境贡献新的见解和启示。     

内部控制影响国有企业竞争优势的中介效应研究

本文以2012—2019年国有上市公司为研究对象,基于公平竞争的市场环境持续改善的背景,实证研究内部控制对国有企业竞争优势的影响及作用机理。本文通过构建多元回归模型检验内部控制对国有企业竞争优势的提升效应,运用中介效应模型验证企业家精神、创新活动、融资约束在内部控制与国有企业竞争优势之间的中介作用。研究发现:内部控制质量与国有企业竞争优势显著正相关;企业家精神、创新活动与融资约束在内部控制对国有企业竞争优势的影响中存在部分中介效应。因此,可以从政府监管层面、制度层面和企业层面通过健全内部控制、激发企业家精神、促进创新活动以及降低融资约束等方式提升国有企业竞争优势。     

Contracts for dummies? The performance of investors in contracts for difference

Investors widely use contracts for difference (CFDs) to leverage and short sell underlying financial assets. We investigate the after cost performance of investors in Australian Securities Exchange listed share CFDs, and find that market order CFD trades earn small positive returns at the daily horizon, with negative returns reported for one month to one year horizons due to financing costs. Market orders also net sell positions, which suggests that investors use CFDs for shorting opportunities. Overall, we find that liquidity demanders in CFDs obtain favourable execution, which is inconsistent with the view that CFDs are used by naive individuals.     

MFC 技术处理铜、银重金属废水的研究

将具有氧化性的有机废水池作为电池的阳极,具有还原性的重金属废水池作为电池的阴极,利用微生物燃料电池（ MFC）同时处理有机废水和重金属废水．结果表明,利用铜离子溶液作阴极, MFC最大电压可达到0．277 V,最大功率密度为33．49 mW/m2,COD的去除率为31．6％,铜的去除率可达42％;利用银离子溶液作阴极,MFC最大电压可达到0．311 V,最大功率密度为42．21 mW/m2, COD的去除率为64．6％,银的去除率可达78％．即不管是从产电角度还是从废水处理角度考虑,都是以银离子废水作阴极优于铜离子．     

银行信贷资源错配与产能过剩

本文结合金融抑制和信贷配给理论,在分析我国银行业信贷资源错配原因的基础上,深入探讨了信贷资源错配对产能过剩的影响。在企业生产初期,银行对产能过剩行业中的企业发放大量低廉贷款导致过度投资;在企业试图退出产能过剩行业阶段,银行与政府联手设置高退出壁垒,加剧产能过剩问题。产能过剩问题的根源在于体制,银行信贷资源错配是造成体制性过剩背后重要的金融诱因。     

对高等院校知识管理的几点思考

知识管理越来越受企业重视,在高校教育中实施知识管理虽有很多困难,但已成为必然趋势。只有做好充足的先前准备,掌握实施知识管理的重点步骤和方法,高等院校知识管理才能迈向一个新台阶。     

浅谈青少年滑雪教学中的应急预案和安全保障体系

滑雪是一门对学习者身体素质以及技巧能力、反应能力都要求较高的体育课程。同时,这项运动的适龄段长,学习滑雪的有长有少,年龄跨度大。学习滑雪的人数众多,因此也不便于个别教育。正因为种种因素,滑雪等冰雪教育有一定的危险性。本文将浅谈少年滑雪教育中的应急预案和安全保障体系。     

自归理论与递归方法之数据质量辨识能力比较(英文)

分别应用自归理论和递归方法,采用同一组隧道拱部沉降实测数据进行对比分析证明,自归理论的数据质量辨识与数据筛选能力强于递归方法,宜于原始数据精度要求较高的、高等级项目监控的数据处理;而递归方法由于抗干扰性能强,在对参与数据质量没有较高要求时使用,亦不失为一种可行的措施。