Did the value premium survive the subprime credit crisis?

We provide evidence that value stocks significantly underperformed growth stocks during the subprime credit crisis, despite a positive value premium before the crisis. The reversal in the value premium concentrates in financially constrained firms, suggesting it was due to the adverse influence of the crisis rather than confounding effects. These findings are robust to alternative financial constraint proxies and asset pricing models. The observation that value stocks are vulnerable to losses during extreme downturns like the crisis is consistent with them being riskier than growth stocks. Our findings have implications for the academic debate on the underlying cause of the value premium and for investors on the profitability of value investing strategies.     

A tale of two countries: Directed technical change,trade and migratory movements

We propose a North-South model that reconciles trade and production strategies, flows of innovators and the path of economic divergence, or convergence, between countries. We explain the mechanisms behind these forces and show how the technological and economic gaps can be reversed if southern countries stop imitating northern goods and, instead, produce complementary goods. Such a strategy of complementarity on production yields the necessary incentives to innovators to engage in research in southern countries, which enhances the catching-up process between countries. It is also shown that migratory movements of unskilled labor between countries are also relevant to understand the dangers and benefits of different trade strategies for economic growth. This paper suggests a positive (negative) correlation between technological innovation in the North (South) and the level of substitutability in production, while under complementarity, technological innovation catches up in the South, therefore fostering the economic catching up process. A positive correlation between inflows of skilled and unskilled labor and substitutability of production between countries is also verified.     

Does top management Team’s academic experience promote corporate innovation? Evidence from China

This study investigates whether top management teams’ academic experience affects corporate innovation, using manually-collected data on Chinese firms from the period of 2008–2017. The results indicate that academic experience has a strong positive effect on corporate innovation. The positive effect of academic experience on corporate innovation is more pronounced, when firms grow faster or are non-state-owned. By exploring the transmission channels, the results generally show that academic experience influences corporate innovation by improving internal controls and reducing the degree of information asymmetry. These findings are among the first empirical evidence of the association between academic experience of top management teams and corporate innovation.     

结构嵌入、动态能力与组织绩效:一个混合模型

供应链企业对外部关系网络的结构性嵌入，有利于其获取更多异质性资源，这为组织绩效提升奠定了基础。在构建结构嵌入、动态能力与组织绩效关系混合模型的基础上，实证检验了结构嵌入对组织绩效的影响。研究结果表明：结构嵌入与组织绩效间存在显著的倒“U”型关系，即结构嵌入具有“拐点”效应，过高水平的结构嵌入不利于组织绩效提升；环境动态性在结构嵌入对组织绩效的影响中发挥有中介的调节作用；学习能力和创新能力在结构嵌入对组织绩效的影响中存在有调节的中介效应。     

On financial contagion and implied market volatility

This paper investigates volatility contagion across U.S. and European stock markets during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and the Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crisis (ESDC). Using a sample of international implied volatility indices on daily changes, I explore asymmetric conditional correlation dynamics across stable and crisis periods and across the different phases of both crises. Empirical evidence indicates the existence of contagion in cross-market volatilities. A different pattern of infection is observed across the phases, since the early phase of the GFC and the late period of escalation of the Euro crisis are the most contagious periods. This implies that the initial signal of the two crises has been differently recognized by implied volatility markets. The results provide important implications for the effectiveness of international portfolio diversification and volatility hedging during periods of negative shocks.     

Institutional quality,investment efficiency,and the choice of public–private partnerships

We examine a sample of 625 public–private partnership (PPP) firms from 1980 to 2015 that straddle nine countries with varying degrees of economic development and PPP markets. We find that the motivations of the firms that undertake PPP investments vary. While private sector firms in economies with low institutional quality choose to engage in PPPs to alleviate capital constraints attributed to underinvestment, those in economies with high institutional quality participate in PPPs to solve the problem of overinvestment due to an abundant cash flow. In the long run, the benefits of lower capital constraints through PPP investments are more pronounced in economies with high institutional quality.     

Effect of CEO power and board strength on bank performance in China

Given that a powerful CEO is more likely to overcome problems and control performance in a firm, this study first focuses on exploring whether CEO power positively affects certain measures of bank performance and which sources of CEO power have these positive impacts. Next, this study further analyzes whether the positive impact of CEO power on performance is negatively mediated by board strength. Our sample includes data on the three main types of Chinese banks for 2006 to –2016.Our results show that CEO structural power significantly improves a bank’s overall profitability, risk-taking ability and lending quality, CEO ownership power significantly raises a bank’s lending quality, and CEO expert power significantly increases a bank’s overall and shareholder profitability. As considering the endogeneity, CEO prestige power significantly improves a bank’s overall profitability. Next, we use the proportion of independent directors as our measure of board strength and find that a stronger board reduces the beneficial effects of CEO structural power on a bank’s lending quality, of CEO ownership power on shareholder profitability, and of CEO expert power on lending quality. There are similar harmful mediating effects when we use the proportion of foreign investors and board size as measures of board strength. Our results can help Chinese bank authorities develop policies to appropriately raise bank CEOs’ power and reduce board supervision of CEO power.     

How does stock market liberalization influence corporate innovation? Evidence from Stock Connect scheme in China

Using China's Stock Connect program as a quasi-natural experiment, we assess the impact of stock market liberalization on corporate innovation. The baseline result based on a difference-in-differences (DID) estimation suggests that allowing foreign investors to buy domestic stocks has a beneficial effect on Chinese firms' innovative outputs. Specifically, eligible firms affected by the Stock Connect scheme generate more and higher quality patents than other unaffected firms subsequently. Furthermore, we explore potential channels that may explain this beneficial effect in terms of improving corporate governance, reducing information asymmetry, and mitigating financial constraints. In addition, the effect is more pronounced for firms in high-tech industries. However, we find that the influence of stock market liberalization is insignificant in state-owned firms. Besides, the findings are generally robust to different measures of innovation and different methods of estimation. Overall, this paper provides new insights into understanding the positive effect of stock market liberalization in emerging market economies.     

七大城市群创新能力的区域差距及其分布动态演进

研究目标：京津冀、长三角、珠三角、长江中游、成渝、中原以及哈长城市群创新能力的区域差距及其时空动态演进。研究方法：运用Dagum基尼系数、Kernel密度估计、空间Markov链进行实证研究。研究发现：七大城市群创新能力空间差距呈缩小趋势但依然显著,区域间差距是总体差距的主要来源;其创新能力分布呈不同的极化现象与趋势;其创新能力发展具有显著的空间依赖性,邻域创新环境的优劣对周边城市创新水平的向上转移产生非同步、差异化影响。研究创新：挖掘七大城市群创新能力区域差距来源,并通过科学揭示其时空演变规律为城市群创新差距提供空间解释。研究价值：对缩小城市群创新能力区域差距,构建创新驱动的区域经济发展支撑点具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

投资机会、集团关联担保与经济后果——基于内部资本市场视角的研究

本文基于企业集团内部资本市场的视角研究投资机会对集团关联担保的影响以及集团关联担保的经济后果,结果发现:上市公司投资机会越多,其获取集团关联方担保的可能性越大,为集团关联方担保的可能性越小;从异质性角度看,对于融资约束较高的企业,投资机会与获取担保之间的正向关系更强,与对外担保之间的负向关系更弱;相对于国有企业,民营企业投资机会与获取担保的正向关系更强,与对外担保的负向关系更弱;从经济后果上看,上市公司获取担保提高了公司绩效并且减少了控股股东的资金侵占,而对外担保则降低了公司绩效并且增加了控股股东的资金侵占。本文的结果说明,投资机会是集团关联担保的重要决定因素,集团母公司基于自身利益,根据上市公司的投资机会决定内部资本市场的资源分配以及关联担保的方向。