发展型社会保障制度:建构我国社会保障制度的目标选择

随着市场经济的持续快速增长,我国原有的城乡社会保障体系显现出了明显的滞后性。因此,借鉴国外经验,有必要建立适合我国国情的发展型社会保障制度。发展型社会保障制度必须符合我国国情并有利于经济的发展,立足于保障劳动者的就业,体现全民共享性。促进充分就业是社会保障新架构的核心内容。构建发展型社会保障制度,应当制定长远规划,维护社会保障制度框架的系统完整,明确各主体的法律责任,实现筹资渠道的多元化,提高社会保险统筹层次。     

银行业务地域特征和银行机构集聚

由于交通成本和信息成本的存在,银行业务呈现出一定的地域特征。不同的地域特征使得各个地区适合集聚的银行业务也存在差异。地方政府应该根据经济发展水平、金融业务资源禀赋、地理环境和金融生态环境等因素的实际情况,选择合适的政策措施,促进银行业务和银行机构的集聚。     

风险厌恶测定与我国银行治理效率的实证研究

基于FDIC对商业银行贷款损失所设定的概率分布,本文利用VaR方法对商业银行风险厌恶程度进行了测定,并利用我国上市银行2004～2008年间的财务数据对商业银行的风险厌恶程度进行了实证分析,结果表明商业银行的风险控制可以反映其风险厌恶程度,风险厌恶程度在风险控制中得到充分体现.银行的风险厌恶程度越高,净资产回报率越高.     

The Prospects for European Bank Concentration in Light of Recent US Experience

ABSTRACT

Recent United States experience is used to draw implications for European bank concentration. The basic hypothesis is that US concentration is driven by the need to internalise risk reduction activities and that this is done by creating an internal market comprising multiple financial activities. A similar process seems to be at work in Europe after the Single Market Act and the various European commission directives have made it possible for banks to operate across national boundaries. That there has been little EU cross-border merger activity suggests additional impediments. One is the absence of a single EU regulatory agency that limits the benefits of expanding activity across borders.

RESUMEN. La reciente experiencia estadounidense se está utilizando para determinar implicancias para la concentración de los bancos europeos. La hipótesis básica es que la concentración de los EE.UU. está siendo impulsada por la necesidad de internalizar las actividades de riesgo y que esto se logra creando un mercado interno compuesto por múltiples actividades financieras. Un proceso similar parece haberse puesto en marcha en Europa después de la Ley del Mercado Único y las diversas disposiciones emitidas por las comisiones europeas han permitido a la banca operar en transacciones transfronterizas. El hecho que hasta el momento haya habido pocas operaciones de fusión a través de las fronteras de la Unión Europea sugiere la existencia de impedimentos adicionales. Uno es la ausencia de una agencia única de la Unión Europea que limite los beneficios de expandir estas actividades a través de las fronteras.

RESUMO. A recente experiência americana é usada para verificar as implicaç[otilde]es da concentração bancária européia. A hipótese fundamental é de que a concentração americana tem sido conduzida pela necessidade de internalizar as atividades de redução de risco e que isto é feito através da criação de um mercado interno que envolve múltiplas atividades financeiras. Um processo semelhante parece estar acontecendo na Europa, a partir da Lei do Mercado Único, e as diversas comiss[otilde]es diretivas européias, que possibilitaram aos bancos operar através das fronteiras nacionais. O fato de ter havido poucas fus[otilde]es internacionais sugere a existência de outros impedimentos. Um deles é a ausência de uma única agência reguladora da União Européia, que tem limitado os benefícios da atividade de expansão entre as fronteiras dos países.     

如何看待银行业利润大幅增长问题

今年以来,银行业利润大幅增长问题引起了社会各界高度关注。本文的分析表明,银行业利润的大幅增长主要归因于实体经济平稳较快增长、现行金融保护制度、银行中间业务快速发展、银行业改革红利和市场环境变迁等,是各种内外部、主客观因素共同作用的结果。银行业良好的经营绩效对于银行、金融体系乃至国民经济的健康平稳发展具有重要意义。受制于多方面因素,当前银行业的高盈利不具备可持续性,可采取有关改革措施保持银行业利润合理、平稳增长。     

The Provision of Liquidity in the Swedish Note Banking System, 1878–1901

Abstract

The working of the “asset currency” provided by the Swedish note banking system in 1878–1901 is described. Natural and institutional conditions caused the demand for currency to peak in March and September, with troughs in July and January. The paper investigates how the Enskilda banks provided liquidity to solve the problem. This is done by describing how the volume of notes varied over the year, and how other balance sheet items co-moved with them. Strong seasonal co-variation is found particularly between lending and foreign payments media, varying like communicating vessels over the sailing season in May–October (when the sea was ice free and shipments were made).     

讨论式教学法在劳动与社会保障法教学中的应用

讨论式教学有别于传统的讲授式教学。为了达到良好的教学效果，讨论的主题应当紧扣劳动与社会保障法课程内容，能够激发学生的讨论热情，难易适中。在讨论过程中，教师应居于主导地位，有效地控制讨论进程，把握讨论方向，避免偏离讨论主题。讨论结束后，教师要及时总结、评价和补充，对涉及的理论或制度问题进行系统的整理和陈述，以达到讨论式教学的目标。     

A positive analysis of deposit insurance provision: Regulatory competition among European Union countries

We consider the provision of deposit insurance as the outcome of a non-cooperative policy game between nations. Nations compete for deposits in order to protect their banking systems from the destabilizing impact of potential capital flight. Policies are chosen to attract depositors who optimally respond to the expected return to deposits, which depends on deposit insurance levels, systemic risk and transaction costs. We identify both defensive and beggar-thy-neighbour policies. The model sheds light on the European banking crisis of 2008 in which individual nations ratcheted up their deposit insurance levels.     

The Management of Market-Oriented Economies: A Comparative Perspective

The 1981 reform of the Chilean pension system was revolutionary at its time. It was the first instance of a mature public Pay-As-You-Go social security system being converted into a mandatory defined contribution system managed by the private sector. This paper contends that a unique confluence of events were responsible for this change. The rise of a dictatorship in Chile, a struggling public retirement system, and a cadre of Chicago oriented economists determined to make Chile a model free market neoliberal economy. This was later followed by the Washington Consensus and the promotion of Chilean reform by the World Bank. This paper analyzes the Chilean reform and its subsequent development; evaluating it on both efficiency and equity grounds. While the evidence for efficiency gains is mixed there is little doubt that equity has suffered under the new system. Nevertheless, it continues to evolve and equity concerns are increasingly being addressed.     

引入人口结构和社会保障因素的中国储蓄率模型

在对国民储蓄率的影响因素进行分析后,对经典的生命周期模型进行了拓展,引入了人口结构和社会保障两因素,从而构建了一个新的生命周期模型。在此基础上,对我国的国民储蓄率进行实证研究后发现,我国的人口结构确实会对国民储蓄率产生较显著的影响,而社会保障水平却对其影响不显著。