我国当前房地产税费制度存在的问题及改革思路

自1994年税制改革以来,我国房地产税收制度在税种设置、税目税率的调整以及内外税制的统一方面逐步完善,但仍然存在诸多弊端:税制结构不合理、税种功能存在缺陷、内外两套税制、配套措施不完善。同时,我国房地产业的各种规费过多,费挤税现象比较严重。因此,必须改革和完善现行房地产税费制度,为房地产业提供一个良性发展空间。     

Moral suasion: An alternative tax policy strategy? Evidence from a controlled field experiment in Switzerland

With data gained from a controlled field experiment in Switzerland this paper analyses the effects of moral suasion on the timely paying and the timely filling out of the tax form 2001. Comparisons of different tax filing years and multiple regression estimations have been done using these two factors as dependent variables to check if there is a significant difference between the control group and the treatment group. In February 2002 the treatment group received a letter signed by the communes fiscal commissioner containing normative appeals. Results indicate that moral suasion has hardly any effect on taxpayers compliance behaviour. The strongest effect can be observed for the variable tax payments.Received: February 2003, Accepted: June 2004 JEL Classification: H260, H710BennoTorgler: Special thanks are due to the tax administration of Trimbach, especially to Adolf Müller and Gary Bitterli, who offered me the opportunity to collect the data and assisted the project. Furthermore I acknowledge the financial support of the WWZ-Forum and Swiss National Science Foundation and comments and suggestions from Doris Aebi, René L. Frey, the editor Kai A. Konrad and two anonymous referees.     

建设工程施工专业分包的合同价款支付

以我国现行建设法规为依据，借鉴成熟的国际工程总分包合同体系——FIDIC合同体系，研究我国分包合同文本处理合同价款支付问题的成功与不足，使按照合同控制工程造价，控制质量和进度能真正落到实处。     

Environmental standards as barriers to trade

This paper examines the case of a good, polluting in consumption, whose pollutive content is restricted by a government with strong environmental policies. When foreign producers are unable to comply with the restrictive environmental standard of such a country, to which they wish to export, they often allege that those standards constitute illegal barriers to free trade. An example of such a good is gasoline, excessively pollutive formulations of which are prohibited from importation into the United States by the 1970 Clean Air Act. Rather than banning them, such imports should be taxed, along with the domestically produced substitute good, according to their respective pollutant contents. This would foster economic efficiency and should be more acceptable to foreign producers than the outright prohibition mandated by the Clean Air Act. The results of this paper reaffirm the argument in a previous article in this journal (Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 29 (1995) 187), though the countries’ roles in the two papers are reversed, that free trade and Pigouvian environmental policies increase international welfare.     

我国城市化危及土地资源持续利用的立法原因探析

随着我国城市化进程的不断加快 ,土地资源供给的有限性与人们对土地资源需求的无限性之间的矛盾日益突显。而在此背景下重新修订公布的《土地管理法》在涉及建设用地需求的无限扩展与农业用地数量的持续下降这两个突出问题上 ,并没有明确政府的职能定位 ,也反映出了相关制度的模糊性。本文就此进行了探讨。     

Boom, bust, and the poor: Poverty dynamics in the Middle East and North Africa, 1970–1999

This paper analyzes changes in poverty and inequality in the Middle East and North Africa. It finds that the structural relationship between poverty reduction, income growth and distribution is the same for MENA and other developing economies. Prior to 1985 rapid growth sharply reduced poverty. After 1985, despite very low income growth, a rising share of income accruing to the lowest quintile meant that the average income of the poor rose more rapidly than that of the non-poor. These unusual poverty dynamics were primarily due to international migration. Remittances both increased per capita incomes in labor exporting countries and increased the share of income accruing to the poor.     

基于税基差异分析的企业所得税与会计制度协调与对策

所得税法与会计制度的差异是由税法目标与会计目标的分离所决定的,比较、分析、研究二者间的差异亦具有十分重要的意义。本文从理论上归纳出会计制度与企业所得税法间的差异,探讨了企业所得税及其与会计制度差异存在的问题,并对所得税改革与会计制度协调提出政策性建议。     

美国电子支付安全与防范对中国的启示

商务信息、资金支付和商品配送构成了一个完整的电子商务活动，其中网上支付服务是电子商务中最为关键的要素和最高层次．起着连接买卖双方桥梁的作用.采用网上支付业务，可以减少银行成本，加快业务处理的速度，方便客户，同时有利于银行开拓业务．增加中间业务的收入。但是电子支付的安全性问题成为阻碍人们选择电子支付的主要原因。如何化解人们对电子支付安全性的担忧．是开拓电子支付业务的瓶颈之所在。美国电子支付比我国的发展要早，要更加的成熟，他们的成功做法对于我国来讲具有一定的借鉴意义。     

企业集团投资决策方法的发展趋势

在针对决策方法选择对企业集团投资的重要性上,本文主要阐述了企业集团投资决策方法的发展趋势。企业集团投资决策过程中所遵循的决策准则表现为多元化和核心性,更加突出了决策方法的战略性要求;而未来的企业集团投资决策方法,其主流趋势仍旧是以项目评价为基础。不以现金流量为基础的评价方法完善了传统投资决策方法,而且定性与定量方法相结合的趋势将企业集团投资管理推向了更高的发展阶段,使投资决策方法逐渐地向模拟化发展。     

利率市场化能降低企业营运风险吗?——基于融资约束和企业金融化的双重视角

如何提高金融服务实体经济的结构性调节功能并促进企业有序运营与健康发展是金融供给侧结构性改革的重要目标。利率市场化改革作为金融领域最重要的改革之一,其在微观层面如何影响实体经济运行引起了高度关注。本文首先从理论上诠释了利率市场化通过缓解融资约束、抑制金融化进而降低企业营运风险的逻辑关系。为识别利率市场化与企业营运风险之间的因果效应,本文以中国人民银行2004年10月取消金融机构贷款利率上限和2013年7月取消金融机构贷款利率下限为外生冲击,基于融资约束差异构造准自然实验为上述理论推断提供经验证据。特别地,利率市场化每增加1单位标准差,企业营运风险平均约下降样本标准差的2.39%。异质性分析表明,利率市场化对企业营运风险的抑制效应在融资约束程度较高、行业竞争程度较高、投资机会较多的企业中尤为明显。本文研究对于进一步优化资源配置效率、实现金融与实体经济高质量发展具有一定参考意义。