Expatriate adjustment as a multifaceted phenomenon: individual and organizational level predictors

A conceptual model is proposed that identifies critical antecedents of expatriate adjustment. Adjustment is conceptualized as the degree of fit between the expatriate manager and the environment, both work and socio-cultural. Adjustment is marked by both reduced conflict and increased effectiveness. As a multidimensional phenomenon, expatriate adjustment can be identified in psychological, socio-cultural and work domains. The model predicts that psychological and socio-cultural adjustment are the most immediate predictors of work adjustment. In this paper, it is asserted that the success of the expatriation process depends not only on the expatriate manager's competencies and skills, but also on organizational (both parent-company and local-unit) support and assistance prior to and during the assignment. Various international human resource management models are utilized to examine the organizational level antecedents of expatriate adjustment. Managerial resourcefulness, acculturation attitudes, personality dimensions and coping strategies are discussed in relation to individual predictors, whereas MNCs' international structure, value orientation, organizational life-cycle, diversity training, strategic planning and socialization are proposed as organizational predictors of expatriate adjustment.     

Business service networks and their process of emergence: The case of the Health Cluster Portugal

Business services have been receiving increasing attention from academics, practitioners and policy-makers. Despite the growing interest, this field of research suffers from several limitations: it draws mostly on services marketing theory, and it is grounded mostly in monadic and dyadic studies. This paper contributes to the advance of business services research by addressing these limitations with regard to a specific service-related issue. We carry out an interdisciplinary study by integrating among others an industrial network approach (INA) into the services area, and we thus develop the research at a network level by adopting a services network perspective; furthermore, the study is carried out in a business-to-business context by looking into a health cluster: the Health Cluster Portugal. The article addresses one particular aspect of business services networks: their emergence. We propose a conceptual framework that draws on process-based research and integrates theories from other bodies of research, allowing a rich understanding of how a business service network is created. Our findings point to discontinuities along the emergence of such networks, showing that there is an iterative process underlying their formation, with different theories playing a predominant explanatory role at different stages. This paper contributes to the wider body of literature on services research by promoting the integration of the INA and other process-related approaches in the area of business services networks, and also provides practitioners and policy-makers with a structured framework to understand how an intentional ‘bottom–up’ business service network may be created or orchestrated.     

人民币汇率变动对我国通货膨胀的影响：汇率传递视角的研究

在开放经济条件下,汇率变动对一国通货膨胀水平的决定具有重要作用。本文利用自回归分布滞后(ARDL)模型研究了人民币汇率变动对以消费者价格指数(CPI)衡量的国内通货膨胀的传递效应。研究结果表明,人民币汇率变动对以CPI衡量的通货膨胀水平的传递是不完全的且存在明显的时滞,长期和短期汇率传递效应都很低;汇率变动对我国CPI的传递效应受食品价格冲击的影响非常大。本文的研究结论对于我国的汇率制度改革和货币政策实施等具有重要的启示意义。     

土地利用规划制度的经济解释

规划是政府重要的公共行政职能和公共政策,把握规划的本质是促进我国规划转型的关键.本文从经济学角度对土地利用规划制度的本质进行了分析,并以此对土地利用规划的编制工作提出了建议.     

Pragmatic-oriented Approach to Teaching

Actions are performed via utterance, and speech acts apply to speakers’ communicative intention to produce an utterance. The simplest purpose of language learning is to communicate with others. Second language learners can have high-level of general language proficiency, when it comes to communicate they might encounter kinds of problems. This paper will discuss a point that it’s whether or not for language learners to speak fluently and sensitively a pragmatic-oriented approach more effective than traditional method. Pragmatic use of language is definitely different from syntactic use of language. Pragmatic training is that essential in teaching environment, for it’s absolute not just to tell learners how to design an idea and organize a sentence, but to instruct learners to say which utterance being proper and appropriate for a certain condition.     

资本投入一定有效吗——基于跨省数据的实证研究

本文运用跨省数据和随机前沿分析方法实证分析了中国资本投入对经济效率变化的具体影响。分析结果表明,中国的资本投入对经济效率的提高并没有起到正面的促进作用,其原因是中国资本投入国有企业比重过高制约了资本对技术效率提高的贡献。当前经济刺激政策能否取得成功和金融危机后中国经济能否可持续发展的关键,是资本能否真正投入到更具效率的中小企业和民营企业中去。     

中国地方政府财政支出效率及影响因素的实证研究

本文利用随机前沿分析方法对我国26个省级地方政府1978～2008年的财政支出效率进行了测算,并分析了影响地方政府财政支出效率的主要因素。研究结果表明:(1)中部地区的政府财政支出效率平均好于东部地区和西部地区;(2)1994年的分税制改革明显地提高了我国地方政府的财政支出效率,但之后地方政府的财政支出效率呈逐年下降趋势;(3)财政自主性、人均GDP、人均预算内财政收入对地方政府的财政支出效率有显著的负面影响,人口密度对地方政府的财政支出效率有显著的正面影响。     

International market entry mode – a systematic literature review

This wholly conceptual paper examines the breadth of literature on Market Entry Modes, a fundamentally important and strategic issue for managers in growing organisations of all sizes in all sectors. Key concepts and terms are defined and then a set of key Internationalisation Theories are systematically and critically reviewed, these being: the Transaction Cost Approach, Institutional Theory, the Eclectic Paradigm, the Uppsala Internationalisation Model and the Resource Based View. The final portion of the paper is integrative and highlights three key literature gaps as signposts for future work.     

情景分析在商业银行风险管理中的应用

高级计量法(AMA)是商业银行操作风险计量方法的发展趋势,损失数据的数量和质量影响着AMA模型计量结果的准确性,进而决定了银行操作风险资本要求水平。作为一种前瞻性的风险管理方法,情景分析可以弥补银行内部损失数据不足的问题,同时综合专家经验,在一定程度上克服了VaR模型本身的缺陷。在探讨情景分析方法论的基础上,本文以部分国际同业的实践为例介绍了情景分析的应用流程,并指出国内银行要实施情景分析,必须重视并积极推进历史损失数据的积累,对数据的应用应循序进行,并不断加强对分析人员的培养。     

关于“发起人金融资产转移会计处理方法”的评判

次贷危机爆发以来,美国的金融风险管理体制和监管机制受到了全球性的抨击。本文从财务会计角度对资产证券化最主要的会计问题,即发起人转移资产会计处理进行阐述、分析和反思。本文认为,长期以来,FASB采用的金融合成分析法在次贷危机当中发挥了负面作用。本文建议修改金融资产转移终止确认观点,并应该合理应用参与利益在终止确认中的作用,谨慎但不禁止采用销售方式处理转移资产。