不同经济发展水平下创新要素对产业创新绩效的影响及政策启示

基于不同经济发展水平研究视角，选取新一代信息技术产业为研究对象，采用改进的Griliches-Jaffe知识生产函数模型，运用面板数据回归分析方法，利用《中国高技术产业统计年鉴》（2007-2017年）中电子及通信设备制造业统计数据进行实证研究，探究创新要素投入与创新绩效的关系。结果发现：对于新一代信息技术产业，在不同经济发展水平地区投入相同创新要素对创新绩效的影响存在一定差异，尤其体现在技术投入要素作用效果上。这就意味着，对经济发展水平不同地区使用相同的创新要素推动产业创新发展是低效的；不同发展水平地区有针对性地分配创新要素，对于实现创新要素最大效率、推动战略性新兴产业布局与发展尤其关键。最后，提出相应政策启示及建议。     

金融结构对技术创新效率的影响效应 ——不同金融发展模式对比分析

以技术创新阶段细分为研究基点，利用2009—2018年省级面板数据，构建超越对数随机前沿分析模型，实证检验技术研发阶段和创新市场化阶段不同金融发展模式下金融结构对创新产出与技术创新效率的影响效应。结果发现：在创新增量方面，银行体系发展对创新产出的正向激励效应显著优于股票市场发展，银行主导型金融结构对创新产出发挥着重要支撑作用。在创新增效方面，股票市场发展对技术创新效率的正向激励效应尤为显著，银行体系发展对技术创新效率产生抑制效应，造成较大程度的技术效率损失。结果表明，技术创新量高多产、提质增效依赖于金融结构持续优化和金融发展模式优势互补。     

家族企业代际传递促进了企业创新吗？ ——来自创业板市场的经验证据

摘要：家族企业代际传承究竟会给企业创新带来什么样影响是一个重要且仍具争议的话题。本文试图从人力资本视角，发掘家族企业二代接班者对企业创新行为的重要影响。结果显示：家族企业二代接班者更倾向于激励企业创新行为，这一激励不仅有利于促进企业加大内部研发投入而且还会通过资本运作来实现企业外延式创新，上述研究结论在削弱内生性问题又依旧保持稳健。本文的研究发现为家族企业代际传递与创新问题提供理论验证，对家族企业创新实践和人力资本管理具有一定的启示意义。     

深圳国际低碳城“营城模式”的启示

深圳国际低碳城应对发展面临的创新、资金筹集和合作创新等需求,构建了一体化营城的模式,通过完善低碳城管理体制,探索构建多方合作及利益共享机制;通过发挥综合运营平台优势,提供全方位、全过程的专业服务;通过推进资源、资产、资本综合管理,创新多元化的筹资机制,在低碳城建设运营中取得了良好成效,并在创新新型园区建设运营、正确处理政府和企业在发展新兴产业中的关系方面,提供了有益的借鉴。     

Replication and translation of co-innovation: The influence of institutional context in large international participatory research projects

Stakeholder involvement in research processes is widely seen as essential to enhance the applicability of research. A common conclusion in the extensive body of literature on participatory and transdisciplinary research is the importance of the institutional context for understanding the dynamics and effectiveness of participatory projects. The role of institutional context has become increasingly important in view of large international research projects implementing shared participatory methodologies across countries (for example within Horizon 2020 and within CGIAR programmes), which each have different institutional contexts. Despite the generally accepted importance of the institutional context for understanding the unfolding of participatory and transdisciplinary research projects, surprisingly little research has actually looked into its role in greater detail. This paper aims to fill this gap in the literature by studying how a set of participatory principles and methods in a European project on integrated pest management (denoted as co-innovation in the project under study) was applied by researchers and advisers operating in a single international research project under the institutional conditions of four countries. The principal finding of this study is that, although constraints and enablers of participatory research at the personal level (e.g. researcher identity) were similar across the studied countries, research organisation- and community-based constraints and enablers differed, as well as those at the level of the overall innovation system. The institutions at different levels interact and create country-specific histories and path-dependencies, which lead to different degrees of propensity and preparedness, and hence different starting positions for participatory approaches. Consequently, when participatory research methods and approaches are applied in different contexts following a one-size-fits-all approach they may be less effective if not translated to institutional conditions at different levels. The study suggests that large international participatory research projects make provision in their design for careful selection of project team individuals, the composition of teams, and pay attention to the room for manoeuvre that the project, institute and national contexts provide for participatory research. To support the adjustment of participatory approaches to local institutional conditions, large international projects would benefit from fostering learning spaces that enable reflection on translation to local contexts and are capable of connecting to a wider network of decision makers and influencers that can facilitate institutional change in organisations and innovation systems.     

On tap: Foodservice operators’ perceptions of a wine innovation

An online survey explored foodservice operators’ (N = 57) perceptions of wine-on-tap, a recent trend in the United States. Adopters (39.1%) considered themselves more innovative, willing to take risks, and influential on others’ opinions than nonadopters (60.9%). Foodservice operators who currently offer wine-on-tap utilized interpersonal information sources (e.g., distributors) more frequently than nonadopters. Additionally, adopters perceived wine-on-tap’s characteristics more positively than nonadopters, indicating wine-on-tap was significantly easier to use than bottled wine. Among other implications, networking stood out as an important driver of innovative behavior in the foodservice industry.     

嵌入性创新网络与科技型小微企业创新绩效:网络能力中介效应研究

科技型小微企业嵌入于创新网络中,通过自主性发挥网络构建与管理能力,进一步分享创新网络资源,提高创新实力。基于中国软件谷(南京)及相关创业孵化园246家软件企业问卷调查结果,运用SPSS、LISREL软件进行统计分析,实证研究网络能力对嵌入性创新网络与科技型小微企业创新绩效的中介效应。结果表明:(1)嵌入性创新网络稳定性有利于科技型小微企业创新绩效的提升;(2)嵌入性创新网络强度越大,科技型小微企业网络能力越强;(3)科技型小微企业网络能力越强,创新绩效提升越明显;(4)科技型小微企网络能力有助于促进嵌入性创新网络对创新绩效的提升作用。     

Driving force from authorities: the evolution of innovation system for biomedical industry in China

Over the past 30 years, China has fully exploited its advantage to steadily foster an innovation system for the biomedical industry with Chinese characteristics, that is, ‘Government-guided, resource-integrated and long-term planning.’ The system originated from historically famous ‘863 program’ in the 1980s, evolved with a series of favourable policies in the different periods, and eventually has taken shape in the industrial clusters across the country. It features with a systematic and integrated R&D infrastructure (or public platform) at different levels. In this study, China’s biomedical innovation system will be examined and the leading role of Chinese authorities will be explored from the perspective of Triple Helix theory. As the ‘highland of innovation’, Shanghai case is highlighted with plentiful information gathered from primary sources in the involved agencies for the first time, including the Shanghai Biopharma Service Platform.     

创新驱动先前实践对建设目标的影响

基于各省出台的创新型省份建设方案，运用省级政府面板数据，实证研究了创新型省份建设对预期建设目标的影响。结果发现，创新型省份建设仅对可操控程度较高、完成难度较低的建设目标具有显著影响，而对可操控程度较低、完成难度较高的建设目标无显著影响；高强度激励对建设目标实现的影响作用较大。公开建设方案、科学设定建设目标、促进多部门参与、建立监督和评估机制是改进创新型省份建设和推进创新驱动发展战略实施的重要突破口。     

国家重点科技资源支撑区域创新经济产出的空间差异研究

根据2011-2014年科技部《国家重点科技基础条件资源调查表》以及国家统计年鉴数据,首先,使用赫芬达尔指数定量描述了利用国家重点科技资源进行创新活动的非均衡性。其次,使用网络DEA方法,实证分析了2012-2014年中国(内地)各省份国家重点科技资源对区域创新发展的支撑作用。研究表明,国家重点科技资源对区域创新发展的支撑作用不仅取决于资源创新生产阶段,而且受制于重点科技资源支持下的区域创新发展阶段。重点科技资源的支撑作用还有较大提升空间,70%的省份创新成果转化能力有待提高,且大部分省份的国家重点科技资源未实现优化配置。此外,全国及东部、中部和西部国家重点科技资源对区域创新发展的支撑效率不存在绝对收敛趋势。