高新技术产品对外贸易对我国就业技能结构影响的实证分析

高新技术产品对外贸易是技术外溢的渠道,它能引起技能偏向性技术改变,从而对劳动力技能产生引致需求。文章通过建立计量模型,分别考察在短期内高新技术产品贸易对我国就业技能结构的影响以及在长期内除高新技术产品贸易因素之外,其它关键因素对我国就业技能结构的影响,并根据其结论为我国改善就业技能结构提出合理政策建议。     

高职专业技术能力的构成及培养途径创新

高职专业技术能力应由专业技术应用能力、学习能力、研究能力和创新能力等四个方面构成。其培养途径可以从五个主要方面进行创新：1．以就业岗位技能需求为核心,设置专业技能课程模块;2．根据专业技能课程模块,组建专业技能教学团队,负责专业技能课程模块的教学和组织实训,3．设计和组织各种专业技能比赛;4．结合专业技术模块的构成,成立学生学习兴趣小组;5．建立教学质量评价和监控体系,这种培养和训练模式可定义为专业技术能力模块化教学模式。     

Inflation,technological-knowledge bias,and wages

A detailed examination of wage data points to a wage polarization trend vis-à-vis the distribution of qualifications. Theoretically terms, this points to the need for modeling focused on the relevance of the direction of technological knowledge. To this end, we branched production into routine and non-routine tasks. In this way, the results produced positive relationships between the relative supply of skilled workers and the skill premium and between automation and wage polarization.     

Data deepening and nonbalanced economic growth

As a newly emerging factor, data can promote economic growth by driving technological progress, and nonbalanced growth between digital industries and nondigital industries has been notable in recent years. This paper provides a novel growth model with two sectors that differ in the degree of data deepening and the factor structure of the production function. In the model, data in one sector is the by-product of economic activities not only in its sector, but also in the other sector. More importantly, data utilization within and across sectors can spur new ideas and promote technological innovation. The model indicates that increases in the stock of data in the two sectors have opposite effects on the allocation of skilled labor between the two sectors. The skill premium (the wage of skilled labor relative to the wage of unskilled labor) decreases with an increase in the fraction of skilled labor employed in the data-extensive sector. With credible parameter values, model calibration shows that faster growth of output occurs in the more data-intensive sector and the high skill premium persists in the long run.     

Can older workers stay productive? The role of ICT skills and training

This paper quantitatively examines the effects of aging on labor productivity using individual worker data in Korea. We find that information and communications technology (ICT) skills and participation in job-related training can help older workers stay productive. The estimation results present that ICT skills, a measure incorporating an individual’s proficiency in ICT skills and their utilization in the workplace, has a positive effect on the wages of the older workers aged 50–64 with a high level of education or in a skill-intensive occupation. Job training also has a significant positive effect on the wages of older workers. These results imply that compared to younger workers, well-educated older workers can obtain greater productivity increase through ICT skill attainment and their adequate use, and job-training. The evidence suggests that a productivity decrease in line with the aging process can be mitigated by training aging workers to equip themselves with ICT skills.     

人工智能技术对制造业资本溢价与技能溢价影响的区域异质性研究

人工智能技术会影响资本溢价和技能溢价的观点在国际上已经达成共识,但没有形成统一的研究结论。在我国劳动收入份额持续走低的形势下,有必要探讨人工智能技术对资本溢价和技能溢价带来的影响。文章聚焦我国制造业,构建资本溢价和技能溢价的内生模型,数理演绎人工智能技术对二者的影响机制,并根据我国情势分别对人工智能技术应用先发地区和后发地区的资本溢价和技能溢价走势提出命题,基于我国制造业1993-2019年的省际数据,应用四方程标准化供给面系统法进行了实证检验,进一步地,区分先发地区和后发地区对人工智能技术影响资本溢价和技能溢价的直接效应和偏效应进行了回归分析。研究结果表明：先发地区资本溢价呈微降趋势,技能溢价呈现显著极化态势；后发地区资本溢价呈上升趋势,技能溢价处于”U”型低谷区。相较于后发地区,先发地区资本溢价和技能溢价对人工智能技术的反应更敏感、作用效果更强,且人工智能技术可以通过要素结构、技术效率结构缓解资本溢价水平；人工智能技术可以通过劳动结构、技能效率结构增强技能溢价水平。