Early-warning analysis for currency crises in emerging markets: A revisit with fuzzy clustering

Currency crises, also often called balance-of-payment crises, occur when massive capital outflows force a country to devalue or float its currency. The world-wide integration of capital markets since the 1980s and 1990s has increased the degree of capital mobility, which also determined a substantial turbulence in foreign exchange markets and frequent currency crises. In this paper, we explore advanced supporting instruments for predicting currency crises, based on an empirical study of the currency crisis episodes in 23 emerging markets around the world during the second half of last century. More specifically, we investigate the usefulness of prediction models built based on the fuzzy c-means method. First we build clustering models that partition data into a certain number of overlapping natural groups. Thereafter, we classify the data clusters into early-warning clusters and tranquil clusters. We compare the performance of our models with a conventional c-means clustering model and a benchmark probit model. The results show that the proposed models achieve a similar level of out-of-sample performance as the probit model and c-means model. The fuzzy approach also introduces additional explanatory advantages into the early-warning analysis process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Retrospect of the Chinese Exchange Rate Regime after Reform： Stylized Facts during the Period from 2005 to 2010

In the present paper, we estimate the de facto RMB exchange rate regime, the currency basket, the floating band and the foreign exchange market pressure before and after the reform of the Chinese exchange rate regime in 2005. We find the following stylized facts： the value of the RAIB became stable after the reform; the weight of the US dollar remained high in the basket, while other currencies remained statistically significant; and the floating band gradually increased to lO percent during 2005-2008, and then greatly narrowed from the late summer of 2008 under the assumption of a yearly resetting interval. We find that the foreign exchange market pressure increased from 2005 to 2008. A possible reason is that the weight of the US dollar in the basket was slightly lower than the share of the US dollar in total transactions on the Chinese foreign exchange market. Therefore, it is reasonable for China to adopt a dollar peg exchange rate regime.     

四维全球生产形态的国家竞争战略理论研究

本文在全球化的条件下,把霸权作为一个重要的系统变量引入国家竞争战略理论框架,在通过考察以美元霸权为基础的现实国际分工格局的变化以及对美国经济战略调整进行具体的历史分析基础上,构造了一个四维三极全球生产形态模型。这个模型可以恰当地描述创新型国家与追赶型国家相互之间的竞争行为,更深刻地刻画了国家竞争战略的本质特征。     

中国货币错配引致原因的实证分析: 1986～2005

货币错配是发展中国家普遍存在的一种经济金融现象,研究这一现象对我国汇率制度改革和金融深化过程中经济金融政策的制订具有重要的意义。文章首先简单介绍了国外对货币错配引致原因的最新研究成果,在此基础上对1986年至2005年间我国货币错配的引致原因进行了实证检验,实证结果表明,国家的经济规模、金融市场的发展水平和实际有效汇率的变动等因素对我国的货币错配程度有着显著的影响,最后结合我国货币错配现象的特点对以上因素的影响机制进行了分析。     

近代上海房地产市场波动的金融分析(1929～1935)

1929~1935年,上海房地产市场在短短的五六年间经历了暴涨和暴跌。文章通过对房地产市场的金融分析,发现导致上海房地产市场在短期内大起大落的主要原因是币值和物价的变化。由于近代币值和物价的变化,结果导致货币市场上流通量发生剧烈波动,并影响了房地产市场的投机需求,导致房地产市场大起大落。这也提醒人们在分析房地产市场价格时要注意币值及物价对供求关系的影响,注意甄别各种不同的需求及其比重。     

人民币升值能改善日美与中国的贸易状况吗?——基于汇率经过效应的研究

有学者提出,被低估的人民币是中国贸易盈余和全球贸易不平衡的主要因素,因此,人民币升值有助于改善中西方的贸易状况。显然,这种观点的内在逻辑是:人民币升值将提高中国出口商品的价格,同时降低外国进口商品和服务的价格,即人民币升值存在较大的汇率经过效应(pass-though effect)。通过对人民币汇率经过效应的研究,发现人民币升值不能改善美国与中国的贸易状况,但能改善日本与中国的贸易状况;其差别的原因就在于贸易定价的不同。     

中国通货膨胀影响因素的实证分析——基于VAR模型的研究

通货膨胀已经影响到我国经济的稳健发展,文章对2003年1月至2011年3月间的我国外汇储备、狭义货币供应量、准货币与CPI四个指标进行了实证分析,旨在找到影响我国通货膨胀的因素。首先进行ADF检验,然后建立VAR向量自回归模型并进行协整检验,从而得出以下结论:外汇储备、狭义货币供应量、准货币与CPI之间存在长期的均衡关系,其中准货币增长对通货膨胀起反方向作用。据此,对抑制我国通货膨胀和保持经济平稳发展提出政策建议。     

人民币成为区域主导货币的实证研究——基于汇率视角的考察

从历史和现实的视角看,如果说布雷顿森林体系的崩溃导致了欧洲货币体系的形成和欧元的诞生,那么美国金融危机引发的国际货币动荡正在使东亚各国脱离美元本位,寻找区域内稳定的货币锚,而人民币则有可能成为东亚区域内首选的货币锚。本文拟从多边汇率相互影响的视角出发,实证分析人民币汇率变动态势及其与东亚其他货币之间联动关系的变化(包括其它国际货币汇率的变动对东亚其它货币之间关系变化的比较),从而揭示人民币成为区域锚货币、成为区域主导货币的可能性及其途径、进而了解人民币经济区形成的条件和趋势。     

欧元挑战美元:失去的机会

早在10年前,在欧元创立之初,欧元的国际地位就被提上了国际议程。随着全球金融危机的爆发,对美元的全球角色的质疑日渐增多,欧元受到了进一步关注。然而,当美元的国际地位备受审查时,欧盟及其货币还没有承担起任何积极主动的角色。本文探讨的是,欧元是否能逐渐成为国际货币,不仅在欧盟及其他国家的贸易中,还要在第三国之间的贸易中被使用,即欧元是否能挑战美元的当前地位,在国际货币体系中成为主要储备货币。