地方财政支出对收入分配差距影响的统计评价——基于辽宁省的分析

在2010年全国"两会"上,"收入分配"再度被空前关注,温总理提到,我国必须改革收入分配制度,以便让全体13亿国民享受到国家改革开放所带来的成果。要实现这个目的,必须研究地方政府在理顺收入分配关系上的作用。一般地讲,财政收入分配职能在很大程度上要由中央政府在全国范围内采取统一的分配政策来执行,地方政府承担收入分配职能的困难比较大。但就我国目前收入分配差距的情况看,中央政府对收入分配的调节力度很有限,地方政府对辖区内的收入分配调节的作用比较大。本文分析了辽宁省收入分配不公平存在的现状、原因,计算了近几年辽宁省的基尼系数,特别对辽宁省财政支出与收入差距的关系进行了统计评价,并以此提出了财税对策的初步建议。     

FDI溢出效应对我国流通服务业自主创新的影响研究

本文从流通服务业FDI溢出途径入手,研究了FDI溢出效应对我国流通服务业自主创新的影响机制。FDI溢出效应通过示范、竞争、产业关联和人力资源流动四个途径对我国流通服务业的自主创新产生影响。而本土流通企业通过企业的社会网络,利用自身的吸收能力消化外资企业的溢出成果并实现再创新。本文认为,要有效利用FDI溢出效应,提高本土流通企业自主创新能力,需要政府在保护知识产权、改良产业政策等方面做出努力,创造良好的政策环境,同时需要流通企业更新观念、引进人才、提高自身吸收能力。     

基于共享性资源的专业市场与集群企业竞争力:网络、信息与制度——基于浙江省绍兴市14262份问卷调查与分析

产业集群与专业市场的互动发展,是推动中国区域经济增长的一大特色。基于专业市场的准公共平台性质,本文将其为产业集群提供的共享性资源分为共享式网络、共享性信息和制度支持三类;并揭示了这些共享性资源对集群企业竞争力的影响。在此基础上,运用浙江省绍兴市14 262份问卷调查与分析实证检验了上述三类共享性资源对集群企业竞争的影响程度。结果表明:专业市场的各种共享性资源对集群企业竞争力的影响存在差异,其中共享式网络的影响最为显著;集群企业竞争力提升的途径主要是充分吸收、利用专业市场的共享性资源进行技术创新、培育品牌、开拓市场等,获得市场竞争的不对称优势。     

基于GIS的半山丘陵区农村居民点空间布局及优化分析——以山西省襄垣县为例

农村居民点布局的调整与优化是新一轮土地利用总体规划的重要内容,对协调人地关系、增强区域经济、统筹城乡发展等具有重要的作用。以地处黄土高原半山丘陵区的襄垣县为研究对象,结合DEM、第二次土地调查数据库等相关资料,从海拔、坡度、交通、水源等方面对居民点的空间特征进行了定量分析,采用专家咨询法对选取的指标赋予相应的权重并逐级打分,将研究区的自然地理等级划分为优等区域、中等区域和差等区域,根据研究区人口、经济、地质灾害等情况,将研究区的居民点划分为异地搬迁型、保留发展型和优先发展型,确定了31个村作为研究区的中心村。     

Endogenous market structures and contract theory: Delegation, principal-agent contracts, screening, franchising and tying

I study the role of unilateral strategic contracts for firms active in markets with price competition and endogenous entry. Traditional results change substantially when the market structure is endogenous rather than exogenous. They concern (1) contracts of managerial delegation to non-profit maximizers, (2) incentive principal-agent contracts in the presence of moral hazard on cost-reducing activities, (3) screening contracts in case of asymmetric information on the productivity of the managers, (4) vertical contracts of franchising in case of hold-up problems and (5) tying contracts by monopolists competing also in secondary markets. Firms use always these contracts to strengthen price competition and manage to obtain positive profits in spite of free entry.     

History-based price discrimination and entry in markets with switching costs: A welfare analysis

We analyze history-based price discrimination in an asymmetric industry, where an incumbent, protected by switching costs, faces an entrant who does not have access to information about consumers’ purchase histories. We demonstrate that consumer surplus is higher with uniform pricing than with history-based price discrimination. We find that the entry decision is invariant to whether the incumbent implements history-based pricing or uniform pricing. This implies that the potential abuse of market dominance imposed by history-based price discrimination is exploitation, not exclusion. Finally, we establish that the profit gain to the incumbent from history-based pricing exceeds the associated loss to consumers.     

Estimating demand curve in the Korean VoIP telecommunications market

The VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) market in Korea is showing rapid growth since domestic carriers initiated the service in 2006. These carriers are now seeking new revenue sources from various convergence services and are increasing investment into VoIP. In particular, local exchange carriers (LECs), formerly reluctant to invest in technologies that would cannibalize their local telephone revenue, have started to invest in VoIP, in recognition of the current convergence of media and the telecommunications industry, as well as in the face of intensifying competition. In this study, we determined that VoIP call rates and landline telephony call rates were the most important factors affecting VoIP call demand, in addition to network externality. We also verified that landline telephony is no longer a supplement to VoIP, but rather, a substitute that has considerable influence on VoIP call demand. Empirical evidence is expected to be considered in policy decision making on current issues in the IT industry, such as access prices or competitiveness assessment. The current empirical analysis on the Korean VoIP industry and the adherence to lessons learned from policy enforcement should provide valuable information to countries seeking to develop their own VoIP industries, as well as to businesses developing new strategies based on the VoIP market.     

The interaction effect of strategic orientations on new product performance in the high-tech industry: A nonlinear model

Innovation and market orientation are two strategic orientations or business philosophies that can guide a company in its business activities. Although the interaction effect of these two strategic orientations is conceptually recognized as a critical factor for new product's success, empirical results are mixed. This paper examines this issue in terms of innovation orientation, two types of market orientations (responsive and proactive), and new product performance. Based on a sample of 107 high-tech firms, the results of this study show that the interaction between innovation orientation and two types of market orientation yields different patterns of nonlinear responses for new product performance. Specifically, new product performance, when derived from the interaction between innovation orientation and responsive market orientation, is in the form of an inverted U, i.e., the interaction effect is contributory to firm performance until an optimal level is reached, and then the effect becomes detrimental thereafter. However, new product performance derived from innovation orientation and proactive market orientation is in the form of a U, i.e., the interaction effect is detrimental to firm performance until a threshold level is reached and then the effect becomes contributory thereafter. The different patterns of new product performance indicate that the costs and organizational learning effects of these two strategic orientation interactions are dissimilar. The paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications of these findings.     

经济全球化、中国收入分配与“人口红利陷阱”

文章从经济全球化影响中国收入分配的各个层面入手,通过数理推导和实证分析探讨了贸易全球化、生产与投资的全球化、金融深化、科技进步、教育水平等对中国国内收入分配的影响。结果发现,贸易全球化短期内会加剧中国的收入差距,原因可归结为人口红利陷阱,但长期内将有助于缩小中国的收入差距;生产与投资的全球化也会扩大收入差距,而金融发展与深化对中国收入分配差距的影响最大;技术进步、受教育程度提高和劳动力由低阶部门向高阶部门的转移则能在一定程度上缓解收入差距过大。     

国际投资者非理性情绪下的中国国际收支稳定性研究

自2001年以来,经常项目账户和资本与金融项目账户顺差的指数型增长将我国推向了全球国际收支平衡问题的风口浪尖。在国际金融危机频发、跨境流动资金波动剧烈的背景下,我国反常顺差所具有的潜在风险非常值得关注。鉴于此,文章的研究重点在于:(1)采用涉及27个国家股票市场的数据,构建并计算了反映国际投资者情绪变化的风险偏好指数;(2)将国际市场投资者情绪等因素纳入分析框架,实证分析了影响国际资金在我国跨境流动的驱动因素,以辨别跨境资金中的不稳定成分,并给出相应的政策建议。