实行消费启动化解经济风险

我国经济增长一直居于高位，但已有几种伴生现象，主要是商品过剩、资金过剩和失业率上升，正蕴育着一些风险或危机。这三者都是由生产过剩所引起。生产过剩意味着消费相对于生产已严重滞后。因此，要根治生产过剩，化解经济风险，关键是大力促进消费增长，并以消费启动经济运行全过程。坚持以消费带动投资增长，这是消费启动所固有的内涵和基本要求。     

扩大消费需求推进经济增长方式转变

消费需求与经济增长方式相互联系,相互制约.转变经济增长方式是现阶段居民消费需求状况的客观要求.当前,要充分发挥消费需求对经济增长方式的推动作用,促进经济增长方式转变.     

Testing separability of public consumption in household decisions

In this paper we propose a sequential strategy, based on the microeconomic approach of the demand theory, in order to test for separability between private and public consumption. The aim of the present work is to verify, using a conditional almost ideal demand system, whether the different components of public consumption exert conditioning effects on the allocative structure of private spending. The empirical estimation of the model and the separability tests are developed for both a demand system in five functional categories of private spending, and for a demand system in six categories, where the private expenditures on those goods and services which can also be offered by the public sector are enclosed in a single functional category. The results of the separability tests, obtained using UK data for the 1974–2000 period, show that public individual consumption plays an important role in modifying consumer choices, while public collective consumption does not affect private consumption behaviours. The relationships between the different components of private spending and public individual consumption are both of substitutability and complementarity; in particular, we find that public individual consumption and the corresponding private expenditures on ‘Health, education, recreation and social protection’ are complements.     

政府责任与中国乳品消费的扩展

从政府责任的角度，提出“完全信息”假设强合理性的观点，从而恢复了新古典经济学关于“完全信息”假设合理性的本来地位。在此基础上，提出政府监管对乳品质量相对完全信息的提供以及对乳品消费拓展具有重要作用。并就政府乳品安全监管机制的选择以及政府在乳品消费习惯形成中的责任进行了探讨。     

商业保险对居民消费影响研究——基于中国省级面板数据的经验证据

当前中国经济社会处于快速转型期,伴随着改革进程的不确定性风险日趋凸显,成为制约居民消费进一步扩张的重要因素。本文采用2003~2017年中国省级面板数据,考察了商业保险对居民消费行为的影响效应及其作用机制。研究发现,以商业保险密度和保险强度为表征的商业保险发展对居民消费有着显著正向影响,相较于农村居民消费,商业保险对城镇居民呈现更强的消费效应,同时财产保险消费效应明显高于人身保险对居民消费影响,进一步地,中介效应检验发现,不确定性缓解可能是商业保险影响居民消费的一个重要机制。基于此,本文认为,构筑完善的商业保险服务体系对于启动居民消费具有重要意义。     

国际国内甲醇市场分析及预测

介绍了近年来国际国内甲醇市场供需、生产、贸易、价格等变化特点，并对未来市场走向进行了分析预测。     

当代美国住宅的思考

美国2000年新建住宅投资4251亿美元，占固定资产投资的21．3％；住宅直接消费为9588亿美元，占GDP的9．71％；年存量住宅为1．16亿套(户)，空置率为5．9％。购买新房一般中值价为80美元／ft^2，一套住宅(2000ft^2)中值房价为16万美元；按中值计算贷款购房的支出与收入比为1：4．7；在美国仍有3500万户居民租用住宅。     

采油厂能耗质量监督与管理

根据油田能源计量和监督管理的实际，在采油厂范围内全面实施了以建章立制网络化管理为主线的能耗质量监督与管理。主要实施了随机监督和定期监督，以及与之配套的奖罚制度相结合的管理办法，以提高监督水平为目的的技术业务培训和加强现场能耗质量监督运行过程监督，完善配备能耗监测仪器等项措施。     

戊烷的生产与市场分析

戊烷原料主要来源于炼油厂。戊烷产品用途广泛，可用作发泡剂、溶剂、化工原料等。目前国内高纯度异戊烷、正戊烷、环戊烷及混合戊烷发泡剂生产厂有36家，生产能力150kt／a左右．我国戊烷的年消费量近66kt，其中，EPS（发泡聚苯乙烯）戊烷发泡剂的消费量约占总消费量的45％；聚氨酯的发泡剂消费戊烷约占总消费量的50％；线性低密度聚乙烯戊烷载溶剂消费量约占总消费量的5％。国内戊烷供大于求，但高档产品供应不足。所以，“十五”期间新建装置一定要采用国内较为先进的工艺技术，采用较廉价的原料气，确保产品质量，最大限度的降低生产成本，同时加强市场开发，提高产品的市场竞争力。     

Personality and older consumers’ green behaviour in the UK

The UK government has set an ambitious target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80% before 2050. An interesting segment that could help to achieve this is older consumers, due to their growing numbers. There seems to be a lack of attention, in the research looking specifically at different age categories of older consumers’ green behaviour, and whether their level of greenness can be explained by their personality. Using Socioemotional Selectivity Theory and Time Perspective, the research presented here was designed to provide an exploratory analysis of how the green behaviour of older consumers is explained by their personality types. Based on the responses of 204 older consumers in the UK, our results find the openness personality trait to be positively linked to green behaviour, whilst the extraversion personality trait is negatively related to green behaviour. Although the level of green behaviour increased with older consumers’ age, this did not reach significance.