The rise of 3D printing and the role of user firms in the U.S.: evidence from patent data

3D printing has been heralded as one of the key technologies for the Fourth Industrial Revolution but empirical analysis is still sparse. This paper provides empirical evidence by proposing a robust approach to identifying 3D printing inventions. Findings indicate the inventive activity has been rapidly growing since 2011 and is mainly led by user firms. The development of 3D printing has taken place in a variety of industrial sectors, not merely a specific sector. This implies 3D printing can be considered as a general purpose technology. Interestingly, the diffusion patterns of 3D printing vary across technological categories. User firms are divided into incumbent and new firms to examine how patent activities vary by the type of firm and time. Incumbent firms exploit 3D printing earlier than new firms do but new firms tend to enter into 3D printing space more than incumbent firms after the technology becomes prevalent.     

印染废水处理技术研究进展

在印染生产当中,会出现大量的废水,如果未能按照相关标准对其进行处理,将会对自然生态环境造成破坏,威胁人们的正常生活。因此,应该加强对各个技术特点的全面分析,提高整体处理效果。论文对印染废水的来源进行分析,探索印染废水处理技术的应用措施。     

基于图像处理的印版网点面积率检测

检测与控制印版网点面积率是印刷质量控制的重要环节,本研究提出了一种检测印版网点面积率的新方法,利用常规的显微摄影仪器拍摄印版上的网点区域获得数字图像,采用阀值分割的方法对数字图像进行二值化处理,利用膨胀和腐蚀的方法消除图像中的噪点,再去除图像边缘不完整的网点,然后计算印版的网点面积率。经过实验验证,该方法可以获得比较精确的网点面积率检测结果,能够满足印刷生产中的印版网点面积率检测的需要。     

天线微小通道冷板金属3D打印成型工艺研究

微小通道液冷散热技术是近年来电子设备热设计研究的热点，已逐渐用于高热流密度电子设备的散热。然而真正实现工程应用仍存在诸多困难，主要原因是与之匹配的工艺技术尚不完善。研究了天线铝合金微小通道冷板的3D打印技术，介绍了工艺流程，加工了多个小尺寸芯片和大尺寸天线阵面的微小通道冷板。经分析，3D打印基本能实现复杂拓扑结构微小通道冷板的成型，但仍存在通道堵塞、表面凹坑和翘曲等问题。     

‘Download to delicious’: Promissory themes and sociotechnical imaginaries in coverage of 3D printed food in online news sources

The fabrication of food products is one of the emergent uses of 3D printing technologies. The news media are important sources for framing the meanings of emerging technologies such as 3D food printing and introducing them to publics. In this article, I discuss the findings of an analysis of online news reporting of 3D printed food technology. A sociocultural perspective was adopted, in which the promissory themes contributing to broader sociotechnical imaginaries related to food and novel technologies were identified in the corpus of news stories examined. These imaginaries can be pivotal in framing collective ideas of where the futures of technologies lie. The analysis found that, unlike coverage of many other novel food technologies, the corpus of online news reports examined overwhelmingly framed food printing technologies in positive ways. Five major promissory themes were identified, portraying 3D printed food technologies as: futuristic; creative; healthy; efficient; and sustainable. These themes contributed to sociotechnical imaginaries that drew on a number of contemporary preoccupations related to food cultures: novelty, entertainment and leisure pursuits; convenience and time-saving; effective production and distribution; health and nutritional aspects; and environmental impacts and global food security.     

纺织印染业的清洁生产技术综述

从绿色原材料和染整过程中清洁生产的工艺和技术2个方面加以论述,对于促进纺织印染业的可持续发展具有现实意义.     

印染废水深度处理回用技术

主要介绍了印染废水深度处理方面的特点、用水标准,并综述了印染废水的深度处理技术,以及各类技术的基本原理和优缺点,并列举了各类技术方面的研究或工程实例.     

探讨印刷机电气控制系统调试与维护

随着社会经济和科技的不断发展,各行各业更加的细化,印刷行业也体现出了印刷过程的系统化。本文将结合电气控制系统的日常使用过程中较为容易出现的一些问题进行阐述,希望能够对日常系统维护起到帮助。     

徽州刻书与徽派版画艺术探议

徽州刻书约起于唐末至五代时期,盛于明中叶,明万历至清顺治年间为徽州刻书最为辉煌时期,至清中期渐渐衰微。徽派版画是源于徽州刻书中的插图艺术和墨谱,它由刻书和制墨的兴起、鼎盛、创新,逐渐形成独立的版画体系。徽派版画在我国版画艺术中,是一株引人注目的奇葩,无论其镌刻之精、遗存数量之多、艺术价值之高,皆精于其它派别版画。     

接触氧化工艺处理印染废水

印染废水难以生物降解,传统的好氧生物处理方法效果不理想."水解酸化"在提高废水的可生化性、色度去除率以及后续好氧处理效果等方面具有独特的优越性.采用水解酸化-接触氧化-混凝工艺处理印染废水,有机物和色度能得到有效去除,处理后出水水质好,能达到《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(Gb4287-92)中一级标准要求.