人力资源与竞争优势:一个改进的VRIO框架

以RBV理论和动态能力理论(DCV)为基础,采用经典的"输入—转化—输出"分析范式,从系统理论的视角,提出了一个改进的VRIO框架,描述了如何通过HR管理来获取竞争优势。改进的VRIO框架的含义是:组织输入的人力资源应当具备竞争优势潜力;组织的转化能力由组织学习、组织行动和激励机制这三项相互作用的系统要素构成;组织输入的人力资源,经过有效转化,就能输出为竞争优势。     

欧盟研发框架计划的评估实践

欧盟研发框架计划是目前全球资助规模最大的政府科技计划,其评估工作起步较早,形成了较为规范的监测评估机制,对欧盟科研资助政策的调整和FP管理工作的完善均发挥了重要作用。对FP评估活动的法律基础、组织实施方式、评估对象、评估方法和评估案例等做了较为详细的介绍和分析,以期为我国科技计划的评估工作提供一定借鉴。     

Network structure and robustness: lessons for research programme design

The information and communication technology (ICT) network of the last two European Research Framework Programmes (FPs) is deeply influenced by two distinct groups of organizations: a small group of hubs (3% of the participants) hold the key to keeping the network together and a second group of non-hub connectors large enough (39% of the participants) with a significant share of the overall networking activity provide a robust base for the network. The ICT network can survive the removal of single important funding instruments such as integrated projects or specific targeted research projects. Increasing policy rhetoric on innovative application in the new FP (Horizon 2020) should be reflected in a shift of core participants from largely public research and teaching organizations to private-sector companies.     

General equilibrium modelling of the direct and indirect economic impacts of water quality improvements in the Netherlands at national and river basin scale

The main objective of the study presented in this paper is to estimate the direct and indirect economic impacts of water quality policy scenarios in the Netherlands focusing on the reduction of emission levels of nutrients and a number of eco-toxicological substances. For this purpose, an Applied General Equilibrium (AGE) model consisting of 27 production sectors is extended to water through the inclusion of substitution elasticities between labour, capital and emissions to water in the sectors' production functions. The macro-economic costs of a 10, 20 and 50% reduction of the emission levels in the year 2000 of ten priority substances in the EU Water Framework Directive vary between 0.2 and 9.4% of Net National Income (NNI). A large share of the total economic costs are borne by important sources of pollution like commercial shipping, the chemical and metal industry. However, important spin-off effects due to adaptation take place in the tertiary service sector. Besides the estimation of the economy-wide impacts of water quality improvements, the novelty of the study presented here is found in the downscaling of national and sector results to river basin level and the estimation of shadow prices for water-polluting substances through the introduction of an emission permits market.     

The effect of organizational culture on deviant behaviors in the workplace

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of organizational culture (OC) on deviant behaviors in the workplace (workplace deviant behaviors: WDB). We tested the hypothesis that different types of OC (according to the Competing Values Framework model) had an impact on WDB, in addition to the effect of Big Five personality traits. Survey research was undertaken with 954 employees of 30 enterprises in the public and private field, using a hierarchical model approach (HLM) to test the effects of four types of OC (Clan; Adhocracy; Market, Hierarchy) on WDB, over and above the effect of Five Personality traits. The HLM results partially supported our hypotheses, showing that the OC had a significant effect on WDB, with the adhocracy and clan cultures characterized by lower levels of WDB. Managerial implications about the importance of managing the OC are discussed.     

Clean Energy Trade Governance: Reconciling Trade Liberalism and Climate Interventionism?

Scaling-up clean energy is vital to global efforts to address climate change. Promoting international trade in clean energy products (e.g. wind turbines, solar panels) can make an important contribution to this end through business and market expansion effects. If ratified, the landmark Paris COP21 Agreement will commit states to firmer climate actions, this necessarily requiring them to strengthen their promotion of clean energy technologies. Well over a hundred countries already have active policies in this area, many including industrial policy measures that impact on the international competitiveness of their clean energy sector. At the same time, governments have gradually liberalised their clean energy trade regimes, and large producers are negotiating an Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA). Clean energy trade is expanding and disputes among nations in this sector are growing. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) still has limited ‘policy space’ for climate action. Meanwhile, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) still had narrow and infrequent connections with trade matters. Moreover, WTO-UNFCCC engagement on trade-climate issues overall has been largely confined to information sharing and secretariat-level dialogue. This paper explores the extent to which clean energy trade is currently governed, where certain governance gaps and deficiencies exists, and argues why addressing them could help expand trade in clean energy products. It also contends that the most fundamental challenge for the future governance of clean energy trade concerns how to reconcile ramped-up interventionist climate action with an essentially liberal trade order.     

如何避免组织惰性？知性视角的解释框架

在经济转型期，组织惰性存在于大量企业之中并阻碍组织变革和产品创新。为探究组织惰性降低策略，试图从组织知识和组织性格整合视角，提出解释框架。为此，以知识资本和组织性格为前因，以知识能力为中介，构建诠释组织惰性降低路径的结构方程模型，并通过源自286份调查问卷的样本数据进行实证分析。结果表明，知识资本和组织性格对组织惰性具有显著负向影响。其中，知识资本和组织思维通过知识能力的中介作用对组织惰性施加影响，而组织本能和组织情感则直接作用于组织惰性。知识资本和组织思维通过知识能力中介对资源惰性的负效应远大于其对程序惰性的负效应；相反，组织本能和组织情感对程序惰性的负效应远大于其对资源惰性的负效应。最后，提出知性管理框架下企业避免组织惰性的启示和建议。     

Reforestation and smallholder livelihoods in the humid tropics

Smallholder livelihoods and the restoration of tropical forests are intimately intertwined. To address the question of how reforestation affects livelihoods and how they in turn affect reforestation, a meta-synthesis was undertaken of 339 scientific publications identified from a systematic literature search. This study is focused on smallholders in the humid tropics, and uses the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, which was developed by the UK Department for International Development as the framework for analysis. The links between reforestation and livelihoods are found to be diverse and highly interconnected. Reforestation is only one of a smallholder’s activities and typically forms part of a mosaic of land uses across a landscape. Therefore, reforestation should be designed, managed and evaluated under the perspective of a diverse livelihood portfolio, and not as a single activity isolated from other portfolio components, especially under current landscape approaches. It is important for reforestation to be a complementary rather than a competitive livelihood activity. Reforestation has great potential to address poverty, and to increase smallholder socio-ecological resilience and local social equity. However, reforestation outcomes are often suboptimal. Assessing smallholder capacity and the surrounding environment prior to reforestation, and addressing limiting local capacities and conditions in a timely manner, may enhance the likelihood of optimal benefits.     

建立和完善金融市场监测分析体系

本课题以研究金融市场风险、金融市场政策传导和金融产品创新发展与金融市场监测分析体系框架的关系为出发点,在深入研究分析我国金融市场监测分析体系现状和国际经验的基础上,提出了构建和完善我国金融市场监测分析体系框架的初步设想。     

货币政策框架理论的一般分析

本文深入分析货币政策目标、物价稳定和货币政策框架三者之间的关系以及在中国的适用问题,期望为中国货币政策框架的改革提供一定的理论依据。